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The Americanization of Nigerian English spelling and punctuation
No full textSpelling is the most standardized level of language, and prescriptive spelling norms in former British colonies often advocate adherence to British spelling norms which differs from the local linguistic reality. Hence, recent research on the evolution of postcolonial Englishes and the Americanization of Englishes worldwide has questioned the appropriateness of such presumptions. This study presents a diachronic investigation of spelling variation and word-level punctuation in written Nigerian English, using the Nigerian component of the International Corpus of English and the recently compiled Historical Corpus of Nigerian English. Results from frequency analyses and a multifactorial analysis not only highlight a strong preference for British norms but also indicate that American spelling patterns increasingly occurred in various registers of written Nigerian English in the late twentieth century. These findings suggest that the coexistence of British and American spelling norms is hardly a recent development in the evolution of Nigerian English
“Death Is The Mother Of Beauty”. The Dynamics of Aesthetics and Morality in Donna Tartt's Work "The Secret History"
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Overview of rural credit environment in China: Measurement logic, evaluation system, and case analysis
No full textA rational evaluation of the rural credit environment's current state and identification of its critical issues are crucial for enhancing the construction of rural social credit systems. Drawing on the "Outline for the Construction of the Social Credit System (2014–2020)" and related literature, this paper clarifies the concepts and measurement principles of the rural credit environment. This study innovatively constructs an evaluation framework for the rural credit environment and conducts quantitative measurements and statistical analyses using a combined weighting method to delineate the environment's current state. Using Banqiao Town as a case study, this paper employs the cloud model to evaluate the rural credit environment's quality levels and to identify key factors influencing its quality effectively. From a macro perspective, statistical measurements and index analyses establish evaluation standards and quantify the state of the rural credit environment. In contrast, from a micro perspective, case analysis focuses on evaluating the quality levels and identifying crucial issues in specific locales. Integrating macro and micro perspectives offers a novel approach to evaluating the rural credit environment, offering theoretical approaches and practical strategies for promoting a favorable credit environment and advancing the construction of rural social credit systems in China