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Talking to Multi-Party Conversational Agents in Advisory Services: Command-based vs. Conversational Interactions
No full textInteracting with a conversational agent (CA) is becoming a major paradigm for human-technology interaction. Yet, ways for interacting with CAs are still forming, especially in situations involving more than one human. Starting an interaction with a CA might involve a wakeword and command. Alternatively, it could become active based on implicit requests and context information. Hence, CA designers face a serious dilemma: explicit commands disturb a natural conversation flow, while implicit requests might cause inadequate CA behavior. This study explores this dilemma and discusses observations from a project featuring a CA for financial advisory services. Advisors initially envisioned a CA that ''blends with the background'' and acts on context information. However, when engaging with a CA, they used conversational interactions in one part of the encounter and command-based interactions in another. We discuss this observation and contrast it against previous literature. This insight has implications for design and research
Physicians’ and Patients’ Expectations From Digital Agents for Consultations: Interview Study Among Physicians and Patients
No full textBackground:Physicians are currently overwhelmed by administrative tasks and spend very little time in consultations with patients, which hampers health literacy, shared decision-making, and treatment adherence.Objective:This study aims to examine whether digital agents constructed using fast-evolving generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, have the potential to improve consultations, adherence to treatment, and health literacy. We interviewed patients and physicians to obtain their opinions about 3 digital agents—a silent digital expert, a communicative digital expert, and a digital companion (DC).Methods:We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 patients and 22 physicians from a purposeful sample, with the patients having a wide age range and coming from different educational backgrounds and the physicians having different medical specialties. Transcripts of the interviews were deductively coded using MAXQDA (VERBI Software GmbH) and then summarized according to code and interview before being clustered for interpretation.Results:Statements from patients and physicians were categorized according to three consultation phases: (1) silent and communicative digital experts that are part of the consultation, (2) digital experts that hand over to a DC, and (3) DCs that support patients in the period between consultations. Overall, patients and physicians were open to these forms of digital support but had reservations about all 3 agents.Conclusions:Ultimately, we derived 9 requirements for designing digital agents to support consultations, treatment adherence, and health literacy based on the literature and our qualitative findings
Schienengüterverkehr in Deutschland – Vom Sorgenkind zum Hoffnungsträger der Verkehrswende?
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Capital Markets in the Long Shadow of the Covid Pandemic - A Behavioral Analysis
No full textThis dissertation examines from a behavioral economics perspective how the Covid-19 pandemic affected capital markets. Of particular interest are behavioral economic factors such as herding, market panic, sentiments, media transmitted information, etc. The dissertation focuses on explicitly affected markets, namely the Oil Energy-Renewable Energy Nexus, Emerging Markets and New Digital Markets.The analysis is divided into two major parts. The first part, consisting of three published articles, lays the foundation. Here, the roles played by behavioral economic factors in the three identified market segments during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic are examined. The second part, consisting of two published articles, attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the market for new digital assets that boomed in the wake of the pandemic. In particular, a focus here is on the price and market dynamics of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Tokens.The overarching results show, that policy makers should aim to target specific markets individually in times of market upheavals, especially considering their individual affection level to behavioral dynamics. Furthermore, regarding the recently booming digital markets, stronger financial literacy must be disseminated throughout policy makers, investors, and private persons. Finally, these new token classes mainly serve as high-risk financial asset, but potentially provide a starting point for a functional token economy. Therefore, a well-balanced regulation should be implemented
Publicly Traded Family Businesses. A Long-Term Study on Family Involvement and Company Longevity
No full textEinschätzungen aus der argentinischen Abgeordnetenkammer zum Einsatz von künstlicher Intelligenz in Parlamenten
No full textParlamente analysieren derzeit, ob sich Technologien aus dem Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) zur Erledigung bestimmter parlamentarischer Aufgaben eignen. Mit Blick auf Werkzeuge, Anwendungsbereiche, Nutzungsszenarien und Bedürfnisse werden KI-getriebene Veränderungen in Parlamenten erwartet. Der Einsatz von KI im parlamentarischen Raum ist bisher jedoch noch wenig erforscht. Der Beitrag präsentiert empirische Belege für die künftige Nutzung von KI-basierten Werkzeugen und Diensten in einem nationalen Parlament. Die Daten wurden während eines Brainstormings im Jahr 2020 und eines virtuellen Workshops im argentinischen Parlament 2022 gesammelt. Die Analyse gibt Aufschluss über die praxisnahe Priorisierung von KI-basierten Technologien im parlamentarischen Umfeld. Im Rahmen der Studie wurden die Relevanz und die Priorität von 210 Anwendungen sowie Themen rund um KI-Technologien mit Blick auf den argentinischen Nationalkongress und seine Kammern untersucht.Los parlamentos están analizando actualmente si las tecnologías de inteligencia artificial (IA) son adecuadas para llevar a cabo determinadas tareas parlamentarias. Se esperan cambios impulsados por la IA en los parlamentos en lo que respecta a herramientas, ámbitos de aplicación, escenarios de uso y necesidades. Sin embargo, el uso de la IA en el ámbito parlamentario ha sido poco investigado hasta la fecha. Este artículo presenta datos empíricos sobre el uso futuro de herramientas y servicios basados en la IA en un parlamento nacional. Los datos se recopilaron durante una sesión de intercambio de ideas en 2020 y un taller vir-tual en el parlamento argentino en 2022. El análisis proporciona información sobre la prio-rización práctica de las tecnologías basadas en IA en el entorno parlamentario. Como parte del estudio, se analizó la relevancia y prioridad de 210 aplicaciones y temas relacionados con las tecnologías de IA en relación con el Congreso Nacional argentino y sus cámaras
From self-descriptions (SD) to self-recommendations (SR): Evolving Gaia-X for the future European economy
No full textThe European decentralized-organized data-infrastructure ecosystem Gaia-X faces the challenge of initiating, maintaining, and intensifying data exchange between data providers and data consumers in all its Gaia-X data exchange domains to contribute significantly to the future viability of the European economy. The overall success of Gaia-X would enhance the innovative power and competitiveness of European companies and reduce their dependence on American and Chinese platform companies. This paper analyzes how the Big Data era affects the design of centralized-organized and decentralized-organized platforms and applies the findings to Gaia-X. It proposes to extend the Self-Descriptions (SD) already firmly embedded in Gaia-X with so-called Self-Recommendations (SR) because, in this way, the decentralized-organized data-infrastructure ecosystem Gaia-X can better express its advantages over centralized-organized platform companies