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Laboratory experiments in geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics
No full textGeophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics (GAFD) is an interdisciplinary field. It encompasses a wide range of fluid systems, from planetary atmospheres and the oceans of Earth and icy moons to the interiors of telluric planets, giant planets, and stars. It also spans vast timescales and space scales. Despite this diversity, GAFD is built on common challenges in fundamental fluid mechanics, requiring a multi-approach strategy that integrates theory, simulations, and experiments to explain observations. This review highlights the role of laboratory experiments in GAFD. We first emphasize recent advances in experimental design, methods, and metrology, including large-scale facilities as well as innovative and analog setups. We then focus on two areas where experiments have driven recent breakthroughs: rotating turbulence and flows involving multiphase and phase-change processes. Finally, we discuss emerging challenges and the potential of outreach experiments to stimulate interest in fluid mechanics among students and the public
Platonic ‘powers’ and the dunamis of dialectic
No full textQuand un interlocuteur platonicien mentionne une dunamis de dialectique, il affirme que les objets regardés par la dialectique sont réels et séparés de ses praticiens. Il n’y a aucune distinction entre puissance et activation. D’abord, nous tentons de montrer que les usages platoniciens du mot «dunamis» sont divers, «power» est une traduction trompeuse dans plusieurs passages, et République 477 ne doit pas déterminer notre interprétation des autres passages sur dunamis, même dans la République.References in Plato to a dunamis of dialectic are repeated affirmations that dialectic ‘looks’ to real objects separate from its human practitioners. They are not distinguishing a power or disposition from its employment. I first aim to illustrate the Greek word’s wide range of uses in Plato’s dialogues and in particular to show that ‘power’ is sometimes a misleading translation, and argue that Republic 477 should not govern interpretation of other passages on dunameis, even within the Republic itself. <br/
A big picture of the standard of civilisation:what is in there, what not, and why it matters
No full textCobalt-salen catalysed hydration of alkenes with water:a complementary ionic approach to the Mukaiyama hydration
No full textAccessing alcohols from readily available chemical feedstocks is a critical process within synthetic methodology. The hydration of olefins is a convenient method for the introduction of an alcohol functional group, ideally via the direct addition of water across the alkene. However, current transition metal-catalysed protocols (Mukaiyama-type hydration) are dominated by radical addition to molecular oxygen. Ionic processes involving direct hydration with water are underexplored, yet highly desirable due to the simplicity of the reagents required. Herein, we report a cobalt-salen catalysed hydration of alkenes proceeding via a radical–polar crossover mechanism and subsequent nucleophilic attack of water. This is a complementary protocol to previously reported radical-based hydrations, which display analogous reactivity to traditional acid-catalysed methods. The mild reaction conditions employed make the protocol synthetically practical and convenient for accessing alcohols from the corresponding alkenes
The significance of magnetic fabrics preserved in hydrothermally altered rocks
No full textAnisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) and Anisotropy of Magnetic Remanence (AMR) are critical petrofabric tools for investigating the evolution of volcano-magmatic, tectonic, and surface process systems. These highly sensitive techniques can distinguish multiple magnetic fabrics within individual samples, crucial in assessing archives of emplacement and deformation in granitic intrusions where magmatic and tectonic processes occur concurrently or successively. However, mineral phases that dominate AMS and AMR signals are highly susceptible to hydrothermal alteration that may overprint pre-existing petrofabrics. Despite this, the mechanisms and extent to which hydrothermal alteration modifies magnetic fabrics remain poorly understood, raising concerns about the reliability of interpretations in studies involving hydrothermally altered rocks. This study assesses the significance of magnetic fabrics preserved in a hydrothermally altered fault zone that crosscuts a granitic pluton. Data are collected from unaltered granodiorite peripheral to the fault, the fault damage zone and the fault core to assess the impact of hydrothermal alteration on magnetic fabrics associated with magmatic and tectonic processes. Our integrated magnetic and hyperspectral approach to characterizing alteration type and intensity, combined with measurement of AMS and AMR fabrics, reveal a distinctive magnetic fabric associated with hydrothermal alteration that overprints earlier magmatic and tectonic fabrics. While composite magnetic fabrics are well documented in igneous systems, fabrics that directly record hydrothermal alteration imparting a systematic, measured fabric is incredibly rare and this paves the way for further work on the tracing of fluid flow in fault zones using rock magnetic fabrics as a paleoflow indicator
Integrated ocean carbon research communications kit
No full textThe Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO has released the Integrated Ocean Carbon Research (IOC‑R) Report, the most comprehensive assessment to date of the uncertainties shaping the ocean carbon sink.The release will take place on 23 February 2026, at the Ocean Sciences Meeting 2026 in Glasgow.This communications kit provides partners with key messages, available assets, and guidelines for amplifying the announcement across digital channels
Knowledge exchange programme on social prescribing for vulnerable groups:mapping barriers and facilitators to the development of sustainable social prescribing pathways
No full textIntroduction Inequalities in the distribution and access to cultural, natural and community assets is known to have an impact on the health outcomes of vulnerable groups. The Scotland’s Population Health Framework 2025-2035 sets the current Government’s priorities to improving people’s health for the next decade. The development of a National Social Prescribing Framework is one of the actions in progress. Social prescribing is a holistic, person-centred and community-based approach that bridges the gap between clinical and non-clinical supports to improve health, wellbeing, and community connections of different groups.Aim This study aims 1). to co-create social prescribing pathways for vulnerable groups; 2). to understand how people in recovery from substance use, navigate the healthcare system, and 3) how social prescribing supports ongoing efforts to address the health and well-being needs of people in recovery.MethodsFocus groups, semi-structured interviews and a knowledge exchange workshop programme on social prescribing for vulnerable groups were conducted with people in recovery and attending community gardens projects, policy makers, and health and social care professionals working with social prescribing. The method used to analyse the data was thematic analysis. Results/DiscussionThe results were linked with the development of a collaborative playbook for reimagining healthcare systems that integrate community assets and lived experience. Key themes included: a) the need to refocus health agendas around prevention; b) the need of flexible frameworks for social prescribing ; c) The importance of measuring and validating the impact of new/successful approaches on social prescribing; d) The need to connect research work to policy change; e) the need for effective social prescribing workforce planning, training, and development.ConclusionThe process of mapping and developing sustainable social prescribing pathways is complex. It requires flexibility, inclusivity, transparency, financial support, constant reassessment, and adaptation to specific needs and contexts. <br/
Producing Swedish content in Lithuania:incentivized mobile productions and sustainability in the Nordic–Baltic screen regioscape
No full textThe article explores how the pursuit of sustainability in screen media production intersects with incentivized industry mobility within the Baltic Sea region. It illuminates an under-researched area of screen mobility by focusing on Swedish mobile productions benefitting from the tax incentive scheme in Lithuania. The authors conceptualize recent tendencies in screen mobility as the Nordic–Baltic screen regioscape, a place-oriented approach that views the region as connected rather than divided by the Baltic Sea and provides an analytic frame for moving beyond established centre–periphery models by emphasizing the reciprocal dynamics in film industries across borders. Focusing on social and environmental sustainability, the article contributes to current debates on the extent to which green transition goals are embedded and enacted in the policy and practice of the audio-visual sector. The regional scale, positioned between the national and the global, serves as an entry point for addressing concerns of social and environmental sustainability in the film industry
A historical early Republic:the limits of evidence
No full textLivy commences his sixth book with the observation that many of the records for the fifth century had been destroyed in the Gallic Sack, but the implication is that records existed and that some survived. This essay asks what does it mean for our understanding of the first years of the Republic if we assume that Rome was indeed a society of record-keeping and record-making? How does record keeping exemplify the decisions made at a time of crisis
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