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Commons Sense
No full textKat Hunfeld reflects on a doom-defying gathering of land activists and the small steps being taken towards collective land ownership in Scotland
The making of modern eating:how the German middle class forged the way we eat, 1780–1910
No full textNineteenth-century Germany invented the way we eat. Women experimenting in households, French chefs fleeing guillotines, and one of the most rapidly evolving food industries in the world forged recognizably modern eating practices between 1780 and 1910. While central Europeans merely aimed to survive long winters, experiment with translated recipes and curious ingredients from abroad, and embrace the conveniences of industrial life, their consumption habits and cooking practices created a new product landscape. Throughout this transitional era of history, individuals visibly communicated their self-understandings through food. This study of central European food modernity and middle-class identity aims to provide fresh footing for discussions in our own changing global era
Critical military subjects? Reflections on critical thinking and thinking critically in professional military education
No full textProfessional military education (PME) has so far attracted only limited attention within critical military studies (CMS). This contribution provides an opening for further engagement with this important aspect of modern militaries. Specifically, we zoom into an increasingly central aspect in the provision of PME: boosting critical thinking within the armed forces. Yet what it means to foster ‘critical thinking’ within military institutions is contested. To reflect on this aspect and its importance in warranting CMS’s attention, we engage in a conversation that brings together voices from former and current PME educators with experience across different PME institutions (UK/US/Sweden). By juxtaposing their distinct viewpoints, this intervention argues that PME is a site to interrogate a key question of CMS, namely the extent to which CMS scholars ought to relate to military power. We argue that a certain level of proximity, even embeddness as in our case, can offer a vantage point to illuminate the limits and possibilities for critique within military organizations and the silencing effects of military power. These silences manifest in the limits of critique, which we, as PME educators, have encountered in our educational practices, showing that proximity is not without risks and necessitating continued reflexive scrutiny
Exploring community and expert perceptions of the acceptability of an oropharyngeal gonorrhoea controlled human infection model in Australia
No full textThe development of an oropharyngeal gonorrhoea controlled human infection model (CHIM) could result in important translational outcomes, including accelerated development of new drugs and vaccines. Ethical study design for such a model requires community consultation, including assessment of the acceptability of the proposed CHIM among key stakeholders. This qualitative study involved: (i) semi-structured interviews and focus groups with individuals who would be eligible for participation in the proposed oropharyngeal gonorrhoea CHIM, defined as healthy men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 18–50 years living in Victoria (Australia); and, (ii) semi-structured interviews with gonorrhoea experts. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis supported by NVivo. Twenty-seven semi-structured interviews and one focus group were undertaken with 32 individuals between July and November, 2024, comprising 22 potential CHIM participants, and 10 experts. Overall, an oropharyngeal gonorrhoea CHIM was acceptable to most participants. Financial compensation and including only MSM who do not have sex with women were highlighted as key areas of debate. Participants highlighted that recruitment strategies should be sensitive to the stigma associated with gonorrhoea and history of stigma experienced by MSM. An oropharyngeal gonorrhoea CHIM is acceptable to key stakeholders but must be carefully designed to avoid exacerbation of stigma
Nudging for judging that p
No full textRecent work in social epistemology has begun to make use of the behavioral-scientific concept of the nudge, but without sustained attention to how it should be translated from behavioral to epistemic contexts. We offer an account of doxastic nudges that satisfies extensional and theoretical desiderata, defend it against other accounts in the literature, and use it to clarify ongoing discussions of how nudges relate to reason-giving, knowledge, and autonomy
On the metric dimension of the character degree graph of a solvable group
No full textLet be a finite solvable group and let Δ() be the character degree graph of . In this paper, we obtain the metric dimension of certain character degree graphs. Specifically, we calculate the metric dimension for a regular character degree graph, a character degree graph with Fitting height 2, a character degree graph with a diameter of 2 that is not a block, and a character degree graph with a diameter of 3 that also has a cut vertex. We also consider two related parameters, base size and adjacency dimension, and their relation to metric dimension for character degree graphs of solvable groups
An expert elicitation approach for characterizing marine mammal and small-scale fisheries interactions: Insights from Chilean dolphin (Cephalorhynchus eutropia) bycatch
No full textGrowing global concern about the impacts of non-selective fisheries on marine mammals has resulted in an increase in international agreements and national regulations that pressure national governments, such as Chile, to develop scientifically based, cost-effective methods for assessment, monitoring, and reduction of bycatch. This study presents an expert elicitation approach to characterize bycatch mortality of marine mammals in small-scale fisheries in Chile, with particular focus on the Chilean dolphin (Cephalorhynchus eutropia). Given its restricted distribution and vulnerability to multiple anthropogenic threats, the Chilean dolphin represents a key candidate for piloting a comprehensive and scalable bycatch monitoring program. The methodology establishes baseline data on bycatch mortality by integrating an expert elicitation approach using the IDEA method to improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty, alongside regional stakeholder workshops and interview surveys with small-scale fishers. Results indicate that bycatch mortality occurs throughout the species’ range with an average estimated value of 17 dolphins killed each year. Inshore gillnets were identified as the primary gear responsible for bycatch mortality. Fishers’ perceptions of Chilean dolphin conservation were generally positive, suggesting openness to mitigation measures. Regular implementation of this cost-effective structured elicitation approach can support adaptive management and contribute to more effective fisheries regulations. It also represents a scalable approach that fisheries agencies can use as a starting point for improving bycatch monitoring efforts in other locations where small-scale fisheries are causing marine mammal bycatch
NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis with Ca<sub>2</sub>NH supported Ru catalyst under mild conditions
No full textCalcium nitride-hydride supported Ru has demonstrated superior catalytic performance among Ru-based catalysts according to literature. This work explores the impact of Ca2NH synthesis precursors on the catalytic performance of Ru–Ca2NH in ammonia synthesis, with the goal of gaining deeper insight into their role. For this reason, β-Ca2NH was synthesized using CaH2 and N2, which is different from reported in the literature. The structure of the synthesized material was carefully analysed and confirmed via XRD. Subsequently, Ru–Ca2NH catalysts were prepared at varying percentages, ranging from 1 % to 10 %, to determine the optimum amount of Ru. The performance of these catalysts was investigated in ammonia synthesis reactions conducted under the continuous gas flow at 340 °C and 0.1 MPa. UV–Vis spectrometry was carried out to determine total ammonia production rate, and was calculated as 1.6 mmol/g cat. h. This production rate was higher than the performance of most of the reported Ru-based catalysts
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