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Beyond legal compliance: A model for collaborative heritage management at the Juniper Terrace site, Coconino National Forest
Get PDFIn this thesis I evaluate my summer internship with the Coconino National Forest (Coconino NF) and the development of a site management plan for the Juniper Terrace site, a 12th century pueblo community located north of Flagstaff. I examine the challenges of heritage management within the framework of the Forest agency, reflecting on my own experiences and providing recommendations for future management. I review the trajectory of heritage management theory in the United States, and consider how Indigenous theories and multivocality can and should inform the management of heritage resources. Approaches of Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR) have recently been adopted successfully in archaeological practice, and I advocate for an engaged and community-based approach to heritage management. I consider how my internship experience and the management of Juniper Terrace can be translated into the development of a model for the management of heritage resources on the Coconino NF, and how such a model can promote the sustainable management of more heritage sites on the Forest through collaboration and co-management between the agency and local descendant communities
Digital recording and interpretation of rock art at Walnut Canyon National Monument
No full textIn this thesis, I examine how digital technology can benefit recording and interpretation methodology for archaeological rock art sites. The thesis is based on data collected at Walnut Canyon National Monument during a summer internship at the Flagstaff Area National Monuments in Arizona. Walnut Canyon is known for the Sinagua cliff dwellings that visitors can view from the trails. Though there are also many rock art panels within the monument’s boundaries, the panels are still relatively unknown by archaeologists and inaccessible to visitors by both trails and lack of interpretive materials. The thesis is theoretically based in critical and multivocal approaches, which engage with power relations between professionals and non-professionals and add outside perspectives to archaeological interpretation, by examining how digital technology affects accessibility and public participation. To investigate how digital technology can enhance recording and interpretation of rock art, I use 3D photogrammetry, GigaPan high-resolution panoramas, 360-degree panoramas, oblique flash photography, Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), high dynamic range (HDR) photography, and DStretch photo enhancement software. What I find is that the digital recording methods I use for the project have much to offer both the public and researchers. While the methods do not replace a physical visit, a virtual visit could go far beyond many interpretive exhibits. Each method has its own considerations for how to be implemented effectively, so researchers and interpreters should consider any constraints they have and only select the methods that are most effective for their project goals
A state report card: evaluation of domestic violence victim-centered legislation by state
No full textPreviously, and in contemporary times, women have long suffered from domestic violence. Historically women were thought of as property by their husbands, which automatically gave them the right to punish their wives as they thought fit. In more contemporary times, the United States went through the women’s movement in the 1970’s to bring focus to domestic violence as a social problem and not a home problem. In 1994, the passing of the Violence Against Women Act brought domestic violence into the criminal justice system. Although there has been research on domestic violence policies, there has been little to no research on all 50 U.S. states that analyzes each state’s legislative statues for “victim-centered” safety. This content analysis examines each individual state through Westlaw, and analyzes every domestic violence statute including arrest laws, protection orders and general statutes that were unique to each state. Some of the unique statutes included: gun restrictions, immigrant relief, primary aggressor laws, treatment programs and employment leave.
Furthermore, a few unexpected results included: global positioning devices that were put on offenders to keep track of them to make sure they were not getting close to the victim, the battered women syndrome defense was a surprise in that states are recognizing some victims may feel they have no way out of the abuse and use deadly force to protect themselves. These results and the process taken to discover them are discussed in detail in the following chapters
From muscles to motor control: a role for titin in movement
No full textMuscle force adjusts to sudden length changes and allows animals stability during ongoing movement in unpredictable environments. The widely accepted sliding filament and cross bridge theories, based on muscle proteins actin and myosin, are unable to explain how muscle force instantly increases with stretching and decreases with shortening. A third muscle protein, titin, was discovered after the publication of the sliding filament theory and may help us understand muscle force under dynamic conditions. Increased titin stiffness with muscle activation is a potential mechanism behind the instantaneously stiffness with muscle stretching and compliance with shortening. In the first chapter of this doctoral dissertation, I describe the role of muscles in animal movement and how titin may help us understand principles of motor control. The second chapter describes experiments that examine the role of titin in intrinsic muscle properties using the muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm) mouse with a deletion in titin. I found that when muscles from mdm mice were actively stretched or shortened they were impaired in automatic force adjustments, such as force enhancement and force depression, compared to wild type muscles. The winding filament hypothesis incorporates a role for titin in active muscle force generation and allowed us to develop a muscle model that predicts in vivo muscle forces. Computational muscle models are incorporated into the control of robots, prostheses and exoskeletons to reproduce natural movement. Unlike our muscles, however, engineered approaches to control provide no inherent adaptation to varying environmental conditions. To overcome this, we developed an algorithm based on the winding filament hypothesis and incorporated it into the control software of the BiOM. We tested the bio-inspired controller in two individuals with a transtibial amputation and found that both subjects were able to successfully transition from level walking to stair ascent. By including a role for titin in muscle contraction, we were able to emulate intrinsic muscle force adjustments and provide adaptive biomimetic control for a robotic foot-ankle prosthesis
Emotional and Behavioral Encounters of Children with Parental Multiple Sclerosis
Get PDFMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is prevalent among adults who have school-age children. Persons diagnosed with MS often experience physical and psychological disabilities that are likely to affect the health of children, other family members, and their caregivers. Children whose parents have MS are at a higher risk for experiencing socioemotional and behavioral issues when compared to their counterparts (Armistead, Klein & Forehand, 1995; Bjorgvinsdottir & Halldorsdottir, 2014; Razaz, Nourian, Marrie & Tremlett, 2014), and have often been labeled as “at risk”. The socioemotional and behavioral risks incurred by these children have interfered with their school attendance, performance, and academic success, exemplifying the need for early interventions that prevent and mitigate associated challenges. Therefore, this paper will: (a) discuss literature pertaining to Multiple Sclerosis and the impact it has on their children, (b) review behavioral and socio-emotional challenges of children whose parents have Multiple Sclerosis, and (c) provide counseling strategies and effective interventions for supporting children of parents with multiple sclerosis
Inside the Clinician’s Mind: Understanding the Counseling Process When Working with Survivors of Domestic Violence
Get PDFThe present study examined helping professionals’ perspectives concerning the issues of domestic violence in the counseling profession, including best practices for treating the population, the needs of the population, counselor training, difficulties in treating these clients, and counselor self-care. The rigorous nature of a counseling graduate program does not often allot extensive training in treating domestic violence victims. It is necessary to consider the perspectives of those clinicians who work directly with domestic violence when working with this population given that evidence-based practices are sparse. This qualitative study analyzed findings derived from individual, semi-structured interviews with ten clinicians. Findings produced several major domains including: the significant role of counselor as self, how the counselor lens impacts client work, and the degree to which clinicians are underprepared and to which clients are underserved. The findings of this study are salient in informing future research in domestic violence and the training required to treat this population
The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Working Memory Performance in Sendentary Young Adults
Get PDFAerobic excise interventions improve working memory performance among older adults and in clinical populations. The present research seeks to extend these findings by investigating the effects of an 8-week high intensity interval training aerobic exercise intervention on the working memory performance of sedentary but otherwise healthy young adults. Working memory performance was assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention using three distinct tasks: the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) reverse digit span task, the PEBL visual-response memory span task, and the PEBL symmetry span task. It was hypothesized that working memory performance, as measured by a maximum span on each task, would improve following the exercise intervention. Preliminary results (N = 6) do not indicate improvements in working memory performance. No difference was found in reverse digit span, visual-response memory span, or symmetry span task performance. Future studies should continue to contribute to understanding effects of aerobic exercise interventions on working memory performance of sedentary but otherwise healthy young adults
The garden talks: cultivating desire for garden education at Killip Elementary School
Get PDFPreparing our nation’s youth to live in ways that foster ecological sustainability requires education about food—its processes from soil, to table, and back to soil. This is the study of food literacy, a topic that is illuminated through garden-based education. And while school garden programs have emerged as an effective means of teaching students how to live in better alignment with the earth, they usually lack funding, staff, and school-wide integration. To help school gardens take root and grow, community partners often get involved to compensate for this missing support.Since 2013, Northern Arizona University’s (NAU) First Year Seminar class, Farm to School, along with the Sustainable Communities Master’s program have been solid partners of the garden program at Killip Elementary, a Title 1 school located on Flagstaff’s east side. Since its inception in 1996, the garden has grown into an after-school program for second and third grade students thanks to the dedication of key members of the Killip school, a variety of community partners and most recently, funding from the 21st Century Community Learning Centers.While the collaboration of community partners has been incredibly valuable to the growth of the school’s garden program, it has also meant that the school garden is missing the ownership of key people from within Killip: the administration, teachers, the majority of students, and parents. As a result, the garden is under-utilized as a learning and community space, the garden produce has often gone to waste, and the impact of the garden is not meeting its fullest potential.In a quest to leverage the partnership between Killip and NAU, this thesis explores what members of Killip Elementary school want from their garden program as they transition to a new model of instruction, project-based learning (PBL). By utilizing the central motion of dialogue, reflection and action, two groups at Killip, which included three key administrators and the garden club students, reveal what they want to do, create and achieve in their school garden. Through this study, we see how dialogue can be a powerful tool for enhancing reflection and fostering collaboration between community partners around issues of food security, food literacy, and the meaning of a school garden.This research demonstrates how a partnership between a Title 1 school and a university service learning program can work together to co-create an action plan for the advancement of garden-based education in a public elementary school. Furthermore, this study exemplifies how project-based learning can be designed and used in an after-school garden program for young students and how educators can work with a garden in a PBL framework
A transient electromagnetic analysis of groundwater on the Utah-Arizona border
No full textGroundwater is often the primary water source for municipal and agricultural purposes, especially in the arid and semi-arid southwestern United States where surface water is limited. Understanding subsurface structure and groundwater flow is an essential part of managing this limited resource, however, it is often difficult and expensive to obtain extensive subsurface data. The purpose of this study was to better understand the Navajo Sandstone Aquifer in the region south of the East Fork of the Virgin River in southern Utah and north of Pipe Spring National Monument in northern Arizona. This was accomplished by using transient electromagnetics (TEM) to define the depth to the water table and to determine the location of the groundwater divide between the East Fork of the Virgin River and Pipe Spring National Monument. The Navajo Sandstone Aquifer is important regionally as it supplies water to the National Park Service (NPS), the Kaibab Paiute Tribe, and local communities, as well as, numerous springs that feed the Virgin River and Pipe Spring National Monument. A transient electromagnetic survey was conducted using an in-loop configuration and 30 receiver locations. This method was chosen because it is inexpensive relative to drilling costly wells and is highly sensitive to groundwater systems. Results from modeling the transient response show the groundwater divide ~1500m south of the Utah-Arizona border. The National Park Service is interested in the location of the groundwater divide because, in Utah, Zion National Park has rights to water that flows through park boundaries and these rights extend to the groundwater system. Subsurface information from this study can be used to inform future policy decisions
Halting Decomposition: A Murder
No full textThis collection of poems encounters a body unwilling to let go, a detective battling the present with a remembered past, and a killer, hammer in hand. A poetic murder whose characters, even the ever-present backdrop of crows, leave pieces of themselves – remembered, forgotten, ill-treated, misshapen, venerated – who internalize and, at best, learn to love, to hope, to live, to hurt (others and the self), to transmute even when surrounded by the refuse of their existence