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Nonlinear Analysis of Semi-Rigid Connections Considering Wave Loads
Get PDFBeam-to-column connections of steel frames are assumed fully rigid or pinned connection for convenience in analysis and design, but because all beam-to-column connections have moment translation and rotation resistance, we need to understand correctly the behavior of semi-rigid connections.
In general, the semi-rigid connections are preferred for low rise structure. If semi-rigid connections are used for superstructures of very large floating structures(VLFS), the number of rigid connections can be reduced and more economical construction will be possible.
In this study, considering service load and wave load in VLFS, the applicability of mixed use of rigid and semi-rigid connections has been studied using three combinations of connections for a four-bay eight-story frame. Three types of connections are used1.As the amplitude of wave loads is small, the difference of displacement and moment responses in 3 type structural systems is large. However, as the amplitude wave loads is large, the difference of responses decreases, because the responses of wave loads are dominant.
2.The analysis results of Case3 with TSD semi-rigid connections in lower floors show that the additional moment due to wave loads can be reduced in lower floors, but the lateral displacements become large.
3.The extended end plate connections with high stiffness have an advantage for displacement control compared to TSD connections. The steel tubular column with square external-diaphragm connections shows similar behavior as TSD connections.
4.In case of truss bracing for reducing lateral displacements, the difference of responses of various structural systems is not great. Through benefits of reducing moment and displacement responses, the structural system as semi-rigid connections with truss bracing is efficient for superstructure of VLFS.
5.The results of inelastic analysis of 3 type structural systems with semi-rigid connections show that the ultimate load coefficient of Case3 is smaller and the inelastic behaviors of structural systems are different especially in plastic regions.top- and seat-angle connections with double web-angle(TSD), extended end plate connections, steel tubular column with square external-diaphragm connections. ABAQUS(Finite element analysis program) is used for conducting second order elastic and inelastic analysis.
The conclusions of this study are as follows목차
Abstract = vi
1. 서론
1.1 연구배경 및 목적 = 1
1.2 연구동향 = 2
1.3 연구범위 및 방법 = 3
2. 반강접 접합부의 분류 및 해석모델
2.1 개요 = 5
2.2 반강접 접합부의 종류 = 7
2.3 규준에 따른 반강접 접합부의 분류 = 11
2.4 반강접 접합부의 모멘트-회전각 해석 모델 = 14
3. 초대형 부유식 구조물 상부시설의 구조해석
3.1 구조물 상부시설의 계획 및 해석 = 18
3.2 구조물 상부시설의 파랑하중 산정 = 20
3.3 구조물 상부시설의 단부 구속조건에 따른 응력변화 = 23
4. 적용예제 구조물 및 반강접 접합부
4.1 적용 예제 구조물 = 25
4.2 반강접 접합부 특성 = 29
4.3 하중 산정법 = 34
5. 반강접 접합부를 적용한 구조시스템별 탄성응답분석
5.1 최대변위 비교 = 36
5.2 파랑하중별 모멘트 비교 = 41
5.3 횡변위 제어방법 = 46
6. 반강접 접합부를 적용한 구조시스템별 비탄성응답분석
6.1 1차/2차 소성해석에 의한 거동 비교 = 50
6.2 접합부 종류별 2차 소성해석에 의한 거동 비교 = 53
6.3 TSD 접합부의 소성힌지 발생분포 = 56
7. 결론 = 59
참고문헌 = 6
Evaluation of Navigational Safety of Ships on the Korean Coast
Get PDFThere are winds and waves in the sea, and they are changed frequently in accordance with the weather. By analyzing them which have the closest relation to the ship's safe voyage, evaluating the seakeeping performance and then taking a proper action, navigators should carry out safe navigation on the sea.
The seakeeping performance can be defined as the ability of a ship to go to sea without any loss of performance, and successfully and safely execute her missions even in inclement weather conditions.
A ship in seaways suffers continuous disturbances by irregular waves, and ship motions with irregular waves cannot be easily described as a system model which is adequate to a control system. But, in general, for seakeeping analysis, ship motions in irregular seas can be estimated by the superposition of the motion responses in regular wave components of the sea spectrum.
After comparing and analyzing the winds and waves in major sea areas, this paper evaluates the navigational safety of ships on the Korean coast with potential dangerous seakeeping performance using the weather information provided by land.
The conclusion is as follows:
(1) It is possible that the safety of ships could be secured more accurately by evaluating the seakeeping performance of ships.
(2) When the weather is bad, the departure of ships could be controlled by evaluating the navigational safety of ships.
(3) When a ship is placed in commission in any area, this evaluation could be used to decide the type and size of ship in use.목차
Abstract = iii
Nomenclature = v
제1장 서론 = 1
1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적 = 1
1.2 연구내용과 연구방법 = 2
제2장 한국 연안의 기상정보 = 4
2.1 평수구역 제4구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 8
2.2 평수구역 제5구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 17
2.3 평수구역 제6구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 21
2.4 평수구역 제7구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 26
2.5 평수구역 제8구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 32
2.6 평수구역 제9구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 37
2.7 평수구역 제10구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 43
2.8 평수구역 제11구와 그 부근의 연해구역 = 48
제3장 항해 안전성 평가 방법 = 52
3.1 해양파 스펙트럼 = 52
3.2 내항성능 평가요소 = 53
3.3 내항성능의 평가치와 위험도 = 56
3.4 임의 한 개 요소에 의한 항해 안전성 평가 = 59
제4장 연안 항해 선박의 안전성 평가 = 60
4.1 수치계산의 조건 = 60
4.2 해역별 항해 안전성 평가 = 62
4.3 선형별 항해 안전성 평가 = 82
제5장 결론 = 85
참고문헌 = 8
An Empirical Analysis of Orientation Relationship of Korean Freight Forwarders with Chinese Forwarders
Get PDFWith the globalization of business, international manufacturing companies carry out their business activities such as procurement, production, sales and distribution based on logistics centers. In addition many multinational companies are trying to invest in and penetrate into Chinese market. With the growth of manufacturing companies conducting business in China, international transport companies are also expanding their business activities in the Chinese market.
In particular, freight forwarding companies make close relationships with customers of transport services and penetrate into Chinese markets with a differentiation strategy in order to satisfy their customers' service demands. However, a Chinese government policy which does not allowed foreign freight forwarders to invest directly in China has become an obstacle for the penetration of Korean freight forwarders. Accordingly, Korean forwarders planning to penetrate into Chinese markets are forming various cooperative relationship with Chinese freight forwarders.
Thus the objective of this research is to conduct an empirical analysis to examine how cooperative relationships such as joint ventures, management cooperation and agency contracts affect the business performances of Korean freight forwarders. In order to fulfill the research objective, this paper examined the roles of freight forwarders and business environment of Chinese markets. Also personnel interviews with forwarding companies in Korea were carried out to investigate cooperative relationships with partner companies in China.
Additionally, literature reviews have been conducted to examine the concepts of relationship marketing, the factors of relationship activities and qualities, and previous research on the relation between relationship activities and business performances. Based on the literature review this research developed a research model and formulated research hypotheses in order to analyse the casual relation between relationship activities and qualities, and the business performances of Korean freight forwarders.
The research hypotheses formulated in this research are as follows:
H1 : Relationship marketing activities between Korean freight forwarders and Chinese forwarders are positively related to the qualities of their relationships.
H2 : The relationship qualities between Korean freight forwarders and Chinese forwarders are positively related to the performances of their relationship marketing.
The data used to test the hypotheses were collected in a mail survey of Korean freight forwarders. Factor analysis and principal components analysis were performed in this study by using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 10.0. Also to test the casual relation between relationship activities and quality, and the business performances of Korean freight forwarders, Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) was utilized by using AMOS(V 4.01).
According to the results of the analysis of Structural Equation Modeling, relationship marketing activities between Korean freight forwarders and Chinese forwarders are positively related to the quality of their relationships. The result supports H1. In addition, the relationship qualities between Korean freight forwarders and Chinese forwarders are positively related to the performances of their relationship marketing. This result also supports H2.
These results indicated that relationship maintenance between Korean and Chinese forwarders through mutual communications and trust would positively affect their business performances. Accordingly, to enhance business performances Korean freight forwarders need to establish relationship marketing strategies in close cooperation with partner forwarders in China.
While this is a valuable finding in the context of relationship marketing of Korean freight forwarders, there are a number of limitations to this research and much more work must be done. This research limited itself to examining the freight forwarders in Korea. To improve validity of the research findings partner forwarders in China should be examined. However, this research contributes to the development of relationship marketing theory by applying it to the transport service industry.목차
Abstract = I
제1장 서론 = 1
제1절 연구의 배경 = 1
제2절 연구의 목적 = 3
제3절 연구 방법 및 구성 = 5
제2장 운송주선인과 중국 시장 = 8
제1절 운송주선인의 개념 = 8
1. 운송주선인의 정의 = 8
2. 운송주선인의 종류 = 9
3. 운송주선인의 기능과 업무 범위 = 11
제2절 운송주선인의 중국 진출 = 14
1. 중국의 투자환경과 외국인 투자 = 14
2. 운송주선인의 중？뮐萍？ = 37
제3장 한중운송주선인의 관계마케팅 = 47
제1절 관계마케팅의 의의 = 47
1. 관계마케팅의 개념 = 47
2. 관계마케팅의 발전단계 = 56
3. 관계마케팅의 유형 = 63
제2절 관계마케팅행동 = 67
1. 기회주의(Opportunitism) = 67
2. 협동(Cooperation) = 68
3. 의사소통(Communication) = 69
4. 유대(Bonds) = 70
5. 순응(Adaptation) = 72
6. 대체안의 비교(the Comparison of alternatives) = 72
7. 의존성(Dependance) = 73
제3절 관계의 질 = 74
1. 신뢰(Trust) = 76
2. 몰입(Commitment) = 78
제4절 한중 운송주선인의 관계마케팅 = 81
1. 한중 운송주선인의 거래 특성 = 82
2. 운송주선인과 관계마케팅 = 84
제4장 연구설계 = 85
제1절 연구모형 = 85
제2절 가설의 설정 = 90
제3절 변수의 조작적 정의와 측정 = 91
1. 관계마케팅활동 = 91
2. 관계의 질 = 93
3. 관계마케팅 성과 = 94
제5장 실증분석 = 95
제1절 조사설계 = 95
제2절 자료의 분석 = 96
1. 표본의 특성 = 96
2. 자료의 신뢰성 및 타당성 검정 = 98
제3절 가설의 검정 = 105
1. 구조방정식모형의 진행과정 = 106
2. 모형의 적합도 평가 = 107
3. 가설의 검정 = 108
제6장 결론 = 117
제1절 연구결과의 요약과 시사점 = 117
제2절 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구과제 = 121
참고문헌 = 122
부록(설문지) = 13
The Characteristic Changes under the Repeated Thermal Exposure in the Process of Repairing Aircraft Sandwich Structures
Get PDFAutoclave curing using the vacuum bagging method is widely used for the manufacture of advanced composite prepreg airframe structures. Due to increasing use of advanced composites, specific techniques have been developed to repair damaged composite structures. In order to repair the damaged part, it is required that the damaged areas be removed, such as skin and/or honeycomb core, by utilizing the proper method and then repairing the area by laying up prepreg (and core) then curing under vacuum using the vacuum bagging materials. It shall be cured either in an oven or autoclave per the original specification requirements. Delamination can be observed in the sound areas during and/or after a couple of times exposure to the elevated curing temperature due to the repeated repair condition. This study was conducted for checking the degree of degradation of properties of the cured parts and delamination between skin prepreg and honeycomb core. Specimens with glass honeycomb sandwich construction and glass/epoxy prepreg were prepared. The specimens were cured 1 to 5 times at 260°F in an autoclave and each additionally exposed 50, 100 and 150 hours in the 260°F oven.
Each specimen was tested for tensile strength, compressive strength, flatwise tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength. To monitor the characteristics of the resin itself, the cured resin was tested using DMA and DSC. As a results, the decrease of Tg value were observed in the specific specimen which was exposed over 50 hrs at 260°F. This means the change or degradative of resin properties is also related to the decrease of flatwise tensile properties. Accordingly, minimal exposure on the curing temperature is recommended for parts in order to prevent the delamination and maintain the better condition.목차
Abstract = 1
제1장 서론 = 3
제2장 항공기 성형 재료의 일반 = 9
2.1 항공기 구조물 재료 = 9
2.1.1 항공기 재료 = 9
2.2 항공기 복합재료 성형 소재 = 12
2.2.1 강화 섬유 = 12
2.2.1.1 유리 섬유 = 12
2.2.1.2 아라미드 섬유 = 12
2.2.1.3 카본/그라파이트 섬유 = 13
2.2.1.4 보론 섬유 = 14
2.2.1.5 세라믹 섬유 = 14
2.2.2 기지 시스템 = 16
2.2.3 샌드위치 구조 = 18
2.2.3.1 특징 = 18
2.2.3.2 프리프？묽？ = 19
2.2.4 코어 재료 = 23
2.2.4.1 허니콤 코어 = 23
2.2.4.2 중심 폼 = 34
제3장 오토클레이브(autoclave)에 의한 항공기 복합재료의 성형 = 36
3.1 일반적 공정 순서 = 38
3.3.1 프리프레그 컷팅 = 38
3.1.2 레이업 = 38
3.1.3 패킹, 성형기구 = 38
3.1.4 오토클레이브 경화 = 39
3.1.5 프리프레그를 이용한 오토클레이브에서의 공정 = 39
제4장 항공기 수리의 일반 = 47
4.1 가열하는 방법 = 49
4.2 가압 = 51
제5장 실험 재료 및 실험 방법 = 55
5.1 실험 재료 = 55
5.2 시편 제작 = 58
5.3 실험 방법 = 62
5.3.1 인장·압축시험 = 62
5.3.2 Interlaminar shear test = 64
5.3.3 Flatwise tension test = 66
5.3.4 DMA·DSC = 67
제6장 실험 결과 및 고찰 = 69
제7장 결론 = 79
Reference = 8
(A) Study on the appropriate Level of Port Pricing : A Case of Stevedorage
Get PDFThe level of port pricing has been subject to change due to not only development in technology, increased competition by ports, and changes in the organization of the ocean transport industry, but also the goal of port.
Traditionally, ports are regarded as public sector and usually owned by governmentsthe maximize welfare and the profit.
As shown in this study, it is clear that the use of marginal costs in pricing is adaptable to the port as public sector, and the use of a competitive pricing strategy is more appropriate to a private port. Finally, A direction for strengthening the competitive of private terminal in Korea are suggested.thus the cost of these large investments is part of government development programs. But Now, The remarkable worldwide simultaneous move towards privatization has been increased in order to strengthen the competitive power of the port. So, the design of port pricing should be compatible with a port's goal.
This study therefore deals with the difference and the level of port pricing, using KKT-conditions with two aspects of port's goals제 1 장 서론 = 1
1.1 연구의 배경과 필요성 및 목적 = 1
1.1.1 연구의 배경 및 필요성 = 1
1.1.2 연구의 목적 = 2
1.2 논문의 구성과 흐름도 = 3
1.2.1 연구의 구성 = 3
1.2.2 연구의 흐름도 = 5
제 2 장 컨테이너터미널의 사용료 가격 이론 = 6
2.1 기존연구의 고찰 = 6
2.1.1 Charging for port Facilities = 6
2.1.2 Port pricing and Investment Policy = 7
2.1.3 The Economics of Port Pricing = 8
2.1.4 Port Charging Practices = 10
2.1.5 Port Pricing : A cost axiomatic approach = 11
2.2 컨테이너터미널의 특성 = 12
2.2.1 항만의 공공재적인 특성 = 14
2.2.2 항만의 민간재적인 특성 = 14
2.2.3 컨테이너 터미널의 경제적 특성 = 18
2.3 컨테이너터미널의 가격설정의 기본원리 = 20
2.3.1 요율정책의 목표 = 20
2.3.2 컨테이너터미널 사용료의 결정방향 = 24
제 3 장 외국 주요항만과 국내항만의 하역료 현황 = 26
3.1 외국 주요항만과 국내항만의 하역료 체계 비교 = 28
3.2 외국 주요항만과 국내항만의 하역료 수준 비교 = 34
3.3 PPP(구매력 지수)를 이용한 주요 컨테이너터미널의 하역료 비교 = 38
3.3.1. 구매력지수의 정의 = 38
3.3.2. 구매력지수를 이용한 항만하역료 비교 = 40
제 4 장 컨테이너터미널의 하역료 모형 개발 = 43
4.1 전제조건 = 44
4.2 후생극대화에 대한 컨테이너터미널 하역료 = 46
4.3 이익최대화에 대한 컨테이너터미널 하역료 = 49
4.4 조건에 따른 하역료 특성 비교 = 51
제 5 장 결론 = 56
참고문헌 = 6
An Experimental Study of Liquid Injection into the Compressor Cylinder of a Heat Pump Utilizing Sea Water as Heat Source
Get PDFAn experimental investigation on the effect of refrigerant liquid injection into the heat pump compressor on the system performance has been carried out. The heat pump in the present study is designed to draw heat from sea water and equipped with a 3-hp reciprocal compressor. The compressor head cover and valve plate has been machined to accomodate two 0.58 mm-I.D. injection nozzles. When the liquid injection mass is increased up to 7.2 % of the refrigerant mass in the cylinder, the discharge gas temperature drops by 39 K. The liquid injection causes the rise of condensing pressure and accordingly compressor power. The COP, however, increases slightly and then decreases, indicating the existence of an optimum injection rate.목차
Abstract
기호설명
표목차
그림목차
제1장 서론 = 1
제2장 선행연구 고찰 = 3
제1절 미활용 에너지를 이용한 열펌프에 관한 연구 = 4
제2절 열펌프 성능향상에 대한 연구 = 8
제3절 열펌프 압축기의 액분사 효과에 관한 연구 = 9
제4절 요약 = 12
제3장 실험장치 및 방법 = 14
제1절 실험장치 = 14
1. 해수의 온도 특성 = 15
2. 설계조건 = 15
3. 실험장치 = 16
가. 압축기 = 17
나. 해수 열교환기 및 배관 = 17
다. 액 분사부 = 19
라. 데이터 취득장치 = 20
제2절 실험방법 = 21
1. 최적 충전량 실험 = 21
2. 액분사 효과 실험 = 22
제4장 실험결과 및 고찰 = 32
제1절 냉매 충전량에 따른 열펌프 성능 변화 = 32
제2절 액분사 효과 실험 = 34
제5장 결론 = 45
참고문헌 = 4
Planning of Ocean Living ComplexModel
Get PDFIt is required to create 'ocean living complex' at the coastal areas and coastal suburbs such as DADOHAE and fishing villages, to meet the increasing demands for the living space, as well as tourism, culture and leisure activities.
Most of the coastal areas in our nation have been experiencing severe environmental pollution and the destruction of ecosystem due to the concentration of manufacturing-oriented industries and the indiscreet coastal area development. Also, many coastal areas are experiencing low efficiency of the space utilization by the individually located industrial sites and recreation facilities without new and creative plans to meet the demand from the future society.
Beginning with the 21st knowledge and information industry society which requires creative power of imagination and cultural sensitivity, the concept of a new dwelling space - combining the state-of-the-art industrial activities with tourism, leisure, culture and comfortable natural environment at the same space - is on the rise. Together with the implementation of the so-called '5 days a week working system', in particular, people's interests on the improvement of the quality of life and the ocean leisure culture are increasing.
Unfortunately, however, most of the coastal areas, having excellent living environment and scenery, such as DADOHAE and fishing villages, are strictly restricted to develop without any comprehensive development plan or experiencing difficulties to meet the demand for the ocean-friendly composite dwelling space due to the haste development plans by local governments. From the background, it's required to make a creative plan of the 'ocean living complex' at coastal areas, such as DADOHAE and fishing villages, paving the way for satisfying the demand for comfortable living space, based on the clean ocean and good living environment, and the demand for the tourism, culture, leisure and the working space of knowledge and information industry age at coastal areas.
The purpose of this study is to suggest the model for the 'ocean living complex' and suggest an implementation plan by setting up a design guideline.
This study is a kind of pilot design which provides design models for a physical reality of the ocean living complex and to implement it, as a study to plan the 'ocean living complex from the architectural and urban planning standpoints. Accordingly, bibliographies and the related theories are reviewed in advance and then the models of the ocean living complex through case studies of the overseas advanced countries.목차
Abstract = v
1. 서론
1.1 연구배경 및 필요성 = 1
1.2 연구목적 및 내용 = 2
2. 해양복합주거단지의 개념 = 3
3. 국내외 유사 사례조사
3.1 국내 사례조사 = 6
3.2 미국 사례조사 = 9
3.3 일본 사례조사 = 21
4. 해양복합주거단지 모델설정 및 계획
4.1 우리나라 연안지역 특성 = 31
4.2 해양복합주거단지 모델 유형 = 38
4.3 해양복합주거단지 시설구성 및 배치 = 41
4.4 해양복합주거단지모델계획안 = 66
4.5 해양복합주거단지모델의 적합성 검토 = 72
5. 결론 = 74
참고문헌 = 7
A Study on the peaceful settlement of maritime disputes
Get PDFThe outbreak of international disputes is inevitable as long as nations exist. The elimination of international disputes is, to all intents and purposes, impossible. International disputes have lead to war or the use of armed force, however in accordance with Article 2, paragraph 3, of the Charter of the United Nations, a peaceful means should be found to resolve disputes peacefully. Guided by Article 33, paragraph 1, of the Charter. The peaceful resolution of international disputes is divided into political solutions and judicial solutions. Political solutions include, but are not limited to, directed negotiations, negotiations through international conference, mediations, international inquiries, and international conciliation. Judicial solutions include arbitration, special arbitration, court's decisions and so forth.
Many countries have difficulty resolving maritime disputes. Many standard methods have been used in attempts to resolve international maritime disputes, but there are also distinctive procedures for maritime disputes. The United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS-III), implemented in 1994, provides for the settlement of disputes. Nothing in the Part impairs the right of any States Parties to agree at any time to settle a dispute between them concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention by any peaceful means of their own choice. UNCLOS-III provides for the resolution of international maritime disputes through peaceful means that include peaceful settlement, courts and tribunals. Courts and tribunals can be one or more following means: (a)The
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea established in accordance with Annex VI, (b)the International Court of Justice, (c)an arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII, (d)a special arbitral tribunal constituted in accordance with Annex VII for one or more of the categories of disputes specified therein. The decision of the court or tribunal having
jurisdiction entails binding decisions.
However, a coastal State shall not be obliged to accept the submission to such settlement of any dispute arising out of the exercise by the coastal State of a right or discretion. Additionally, a state may declare, in writing, that it does not accept any one or more of the procedures provided for in respect to one or more of the following categories of disputes: (a)disputes relating to sea boundary delimitations, or those involving historic bays or titles, (b)disputes concerning military activities and law enforcement activities in regard to the exercise of sovereign rights or jurisdiction, (c) disputes in respect of which the Security Council of the United Nations is exercising its assigned functions. While, UNCLOS-III is provides means for maritime dispute settlement through peaceful means, it contains extensive limitations and exceptions.
Thus, the current system of maritime conflict resolutions is ambiguous and, at times, self-defeating by allowing too many alternate methods and exceptions to the resolution process. A more concise mechanism for conflict resolution should be instituted. It is suggested that such a mechanism would be similar in form and function to the International Court of Justice.목차
Abstract = iii
第1章 序論 = 1
第1節 硏究 背景 및 目的 = 1
第2節 硏究 範圍 및 方法 = 3
第2章 國際紛爭의 發端과 平和的 解決節次를 爲한 國際立法 = 4
第1節 國際紛爭의 類型과 解決方法 = 4
1.1 國際紛爭의 國內的 救濟와 外交的 保護權의 發動 = 4
1.2 紛爭類型과 紛爭解決方法 = 5
第2節 紛爭의 平和的 解決節次를 위한 國際立法 = 8
2.1 1907년 國際紛爭의 平和的 解決에 관한 헤이그 協約 = 8
2.2 1928년 國際紛爭의 平和的 解決에 관한 一般議定書 = 9
2.3 1962년 두 當事者 중 一方만이 國家인 國際紛爭解決을 위한 仲裁裁判과 調停에 관한 規則 = 9
2.4 1965년 國家와 他國民과의 投資紛爭解決에 관한 協約 = 10
第3章 國際 海洋紛爭의 政治的 解決 方法 = 11
第1節 外交的 手段에 의한 政治的 解決方法 = 11
1.1 直接交涉 = 11
1.2 仲介 = 21
1.3 事實調査 = 26
1.4 調停 = 32
제2절 國際組織을 통한 政治的 解決方法 = 36
2.1 UN에 의한 解決 = 37
2.2 地域的 協定 또는 機構에 의한 解決 = 41
第4章 國際 海洋紛爭의 司法的 解決 方法 = 46
第1節 仲裁裁判 = 46
1.1 仲裁의 形態 = 47
1.2 依賴 內容과 條件 = 48
1.3 仲裁 判定의 根據 = 49
1.4 仲裁 判定의 效果 = 50
1.5 仲裁의 效用 = 52
第2節 國際司法裁判 = 53
2.1 組織 및 節次 = 53
2.2 法院의 業務 = 61
第5章 UN 海洋法協約上 紛爭解決制度 = 68
第1節 槪觀 = 68
1.1 紛爭解決手段 選擇의 自由 = 69
第2節 拘束力 있는 決定을 낼 수 있는 强制的 節次 = 70
2.1 强制的 解決의 原則 = 70
2.2 强制解決 原則에 대한 例外 = 72
第3節 UN 海洋法協約上 紛爭解決을 위한 機構와 節次 = 75
3.1 調停 = 75
3.2 仲裁 = 77
3.3 特別仲裁 = 79
3.4 國際海洋法裁判所(ITLOS) = 81
3.5 海底紛爭裁判部 = 83
第6章 結論 = 87
參考文獻 = 9
Detection of Boundaries between Unvoiced Consonants and Noise using Histogram
Get PDFVoice activity detection(VAD), which separates the voice region from silence or noise region of input speech signal, is one of the indispensable pre-processing steps in continuous speech recognition, speech coding and noise estimation/reduction etc. While many successful researches were conducted continuous speech in noiseless environment or for isolated words in noisy environment, there are few method of VAD for continuous speech in heavy noise environment. Since unvoiced consonant signals have very similar characteristics to those of noise signals, it may result in serious distortion of unvoiced consonants to estimate and remove the noise components if voice activity detection and thereafter noise estimation/removal is carried out without paying special attention on unvoiced consonants.
In this dissertation, assuming that the voiced sound regions are removed by a method developed in our lab, we propose a method to explicitly extract the boundaries between unvoiced consonant region and noise region so that more exact VAD could be performed. The proposed method is based on histogram in frequency domain which was successfully used by Hirsch for noise estimation, and also on similarity measure of frequency components between adjacent frames. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, experiments on unvoiced consonant boundary detection was carried out on noisy speech signals of 10dB and 15dB SNR. For all seven kinds of noised, the overall rate of correct extraction resulted in approximately 90%. The proposed algorithm could be used for VAD for speech recognition and speech coding as well as for noise estimation and reduction in heavy noise environments.Abstract = ⅲ
제 1 장 서론 = 1
제 2 장 우리말의 음소 = 4
2.1 우리말의 음소(phonemes) = 4
2.1.1 모음(vowels) = 4
2.1.2 자음(consonants) = 5
2.1.3 반모음(semivowel) = 6
2.2 유성음과 무성음(voiced and unvoiced sounds) = 7
2.2.1 유성음과 무성음의 비교 = 7
2.2.2 비유성음 구간에서의 신호의 구성 형태 = 10
제 3 장 무성자음(unvoiced consonant)과 잡음(noise) = 12
3.1 무성자음 = 12
3.1.1 무성자음의 지속 길이 분포 = 12
3.1.2 무성자음의 파워 스펙트럼 분포 = 13
3.2 잡음의 종류와 특징 = 18
3.2.1 가산 잡음 = 18
3.2.2 채널 왜곡 = 19
3.3 본 연구에서 대상으로 하는 잡음 데이터 = 20
제 4 장 음성구간의 경계결정 = 26
4.1 전처리 = 28
4.1.1 음성신호 레벨 조정 = 28
4.1.2 프레임 나누기 = 29
4.1.3 파워 스펙트럼(Power Spectrum) = 29
4.1.4 저역통과 필터 = 30
4.2 유성음과 비유성음의 경계 추출 = 30
4.2.1 유성음 구간 추출 = 30
4.2.2 유성음 구간 재 설정 = 32
4.3 잡음모델 생성 = 34
4.3.1 파워 스펙트럼 평탄화(Smoothing) = 35
4.3.2 프레임 특성 구분을 위한 잡음신호 모델 생성 = 35
4.4 비유성음 구간에서 무성자음 구간과 잡음 구간 경계 추출 방법 = 38
4.4.1 잡음모델을 이용한 경계 추출 파라미터 생성 = 39
4.4.2 무성자음신호 구간과 잡음신호 구간 경계 결정 = 42
제 5 장 실험 및 성능 평가 = 46
5.1 음성데이터 = 47
5.2 무성자음과 잡음의 경계추출 실험 = 47
5.2.1 잡음이 첨가된 음성신호 = 47
5.2.2 비유성음 구간 추출 = 49
5.2.3 무성자음과 잡음의 경계 추출 = 49
제 6 장 결론 = 56
참고 문헌 = 5
Delay Predictive Modeling on the Merge Sections of Urban Freeway Interchange based on Real-Time Traffic Characteristics
Get PDFUrban freeway, which is defined as a divided highway with full control of access and two or more lanes for the exclusive use of traffic in each direction, means a high-speed and high-volume network for travel in the big city. However, most of the urban freeways are undergoing a severe traffic congestion because of increased traffic concentrated on the urban freeway. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the real-time traffic characteristics, analyze the relationships between the real-time traffic characteristics, and finally construct the travel delay predictive models on the merge sections in the most congested urban freeway interchange in Busan city.
From the traffic characteristic analyses, construction and verification for the delay predictive models on the merge sections of the urban freeway interchange under the study, the following conclusions were drawni) Traffic flow showed a big difference depending on the time periods in the urban freeway interchange. Particularly more traffic were concentrated on the urban freeway interchange in the daytime period when compared with the nighttime period.
ii) Traffic flow also showed a quite difference depending on the travel directions in the urban freeway interchange. Particularly more traffic were concentrated on the urban freeway interchange in the inbound direction when compared with the outbound direction.
iv) The delay predictive models showed a higher explanatory power in the inbound direction and the daytime period, but a lower explanatory power in the outbound direction and the nighttime period.목차
ABSTRACT = i
NOMENCLATURE = v
LIST OF TABLES = vi
LIST OF FIGURES = vii
1. 서론 = 1
1.1 연구 배경 = 1
1.2 연구 목적 및 필요성 = 1
1.3 문헌조사 = 2
1.4 연구내용 및 방법 = 4
2. 교통 특성 분석 = 4
2.1 교통류율 = 5
2.2 속도 = 9
2.3 점유율 = 12
2.4 지체 = 15
2.5 교통류율과 속도 = 18
3. 모형 구축 = 19
3.1 구축 방법 = 19
3.2 모형 구축 = 20
4. 모형 검증 = 22
4.1 검증 방법 = 22
4.2 모형 검증 = 23
5. 결론 및 향후 연구과제 = 27
참고 문헌 = 2