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Agro-biological evaluation of different groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties on the background of phosphorous-potash fertilizers in conditions of semi-desert soil zone
No full textReceived: October 25th, 2023 ; Accepted: January 12th, 2024 ; Published: January 26th, 2024 ; Correspondence։ [email protected] conditions of semi-desert soil zones of Armenia (1,130 m high above the sea level) the agro-biological properties of groundnut varieties Lia, Virginia, Mocket, TMV 3, Sevahatik (Black Seed) and Chinese have been studied with the aim of selecting their best options for further regionalization in the piedmont zones. The field experiments were conducted in 2020–2022. The calculations and laboratory analyses have indicated that the field germination capacity of the mentioned varieties is rather high fluctuating within the range of 77.5–81.0%, whereas the weight of 1,000 grains equaled to 515–545 g, the average yield - 2.77–3.33 t ha-1, the total nitrogen in the grains were 4.39–4.61%, crude proteinհում (per 5.70 factor of nitrogen) - 25.02–26.28%, total sugar contents - 14.11–16.63%, and fat content - 44.8–48.0%. The Mocket and Chinese varieties were distinguished by their yield capacity and qualitative indices of the yield and thus, the latter have been recommended for the cultivation in the farm households of the mentioned zone
Tartu reoveepuhastusrotsesside optimeerimine SUMO simulatsioonitarkvara abil
No full textMaster Thesis
Environmental Governance and Adaptation to Climate ChangeWastewater must be purified to a level safe enough to discharge it back to the water bodies. As the legislations are becoming stricter, it becomes challenging for wastewater treatment plant operators to manage biological processes efficiently.
Within this research SUMO simulation software is used to optimize biological processes in activated sludge treatment plant, as they depend on the consortia of microorganisms, which in turn affect the process efficiencies.
The main objectives of the study is to explore the impact of the bypass from primary clarification on biological processes, affecting Bio-P, denitrification, nitrification, aeration, 3− circulation. Dependending on the bypass size, processes may be hindered, hence the most optimal process conditions for Tartu wastewater treatment plant in winter conditions are suggested.
For accurate modeling, data regarding bioreactor sizes, pump parameters, flow rates, pipeline locations, etc were gathered, and additional laboratory tests for model input and in-situ changes were conducted. Based on the data, different bypass scenarios (0 %, 15 %, 30%, 40%, 55 %, 70 %) were created and compared.Reovesi tuleb puhastada piisavalt ohutu tasemeni, et seda saaks tagasi veekogusse juhtida. Õigusaktid on muutumas üha rangemaks, mistõttu on ka puhasti operaatoritel protsesse keeruline efektiivselt juhtida.
Käesoleva uurimistöö raames kasutatakse SUMO simulatsioonitarkvara optimeerimaks bioloogilisi protsesse aktiivmudapuhastis, kuna need sõltuvad mikroorganismide konsortsiumidest, mis omakorda mõjutavad protsessi tõhusust.
Töö põhieesmärk on uurida eelsetiti möödaviigu mõju bioloogilistele protsessidele, mis mõjutavad Bio-P, denitrifikatsiooni, nitrifikatsiooni, õhustatust, 3−rikka vee ringlust. Tulenevalt möödaviigu suurusest, protsesside efektiivsus võib langeda, mistõttu pakutakse välja kõige optimaalsemad protsessitingimused talvistes oludes Tartu reoveepuhastile.
Mudeli sisendi ja täpsema modelleerimistulemuse jaoks koguti andmeid bioreaktori suuruste, pumba parameetrite, vooluhulkade, torustike asukohtade jms kohta. Täiendavalt viidi läbi laboratoorseid katseid kirjeldamaks spetsiifiliselt reovett ning protsessi osasid. Lisaks tehti kohapealseid muudatusi puhasti protsessides. Andmete põhjal loodi erinevad stsenaariumid (0 %, 15 %, 30%, 40%, 55 %, 70 %) möödaviikude kohta ning tulemusi võrreldi omavahel
Analysis of the current situation and future potential of recycling household electronics, using the example of waste management in Estonia in 2023
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekavalElektri- ja elektroonikaseadmetejäätmed kannavad endas suurt väärtust. Nendes sisalduvad taastumatud materjalid nt väärtuslikud muldmetallid ja nendes leidub ka ohtlike aineid, mis ei tohi keskkonda sattuda. Keskkonnakoormuse vähendamiseks ja materjali maksimaalseks kasutamiseks peab elektri- ja elektroonikaseadmete jäätmeid võtma ringlusesse. Bakalaureuse töö eesmärk on kaardistada koduelektroonika jäätmete käitlemise olukorda Eestis ning võrrelda olukorda maailma suurriikide ja teiste Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikidega. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks viidi läbi viis intervjuud elektri- ja elektroonikaseadmete jäätmete käitlemisega seotud ettevõtetega ning kõrvutati Eesti ja Euroopa tasandi statistikat EE-seadmete turule laskmise, EES-jäätmete kogumise ning ringlussevõtu kohta. Teadusajakirjandusest uuriti teiste riikide EES-jäätmete käitlemise praktikaid. Tööst selgub, et liigne riigi poolt nõutav aruandlus koormab tootjavastutusorganisatsioone ja ettevõtteid, mis mõjub halvasti kõigile osapooltele. Eesti ja Euroopa Liidu statistika Eesti elektri- ja elektroonikaseadmete jäätmete kohta ei ühti – Eestil on raskusi mitme jäätmearuandlusega seotud platvormi haldamisega. Vähem järelvalvatud jäätmepunktides ei deklareerita vastuvõetavaid EES-jäätmeid õige jäätmekoodiga ja see mõjutab negatiivselt kogumise statistikat. Avalikult levib väga vähe tänapäevast elektri- ja elektroonikaseadmete jäätmete väärindamise alast kirjandust, mis pärsib ringlussevõtu tõhustamist. EES-jäätmete statistilised andmed on väga üldistavad, mis muudab keeruliseks pikaajaliste valdkondlike järelduste ja plaanide tegemise.
Töö tõstab esile antud valdkonna puudujääke ja avab tulevikuks uusi uuringu suundasid.Electrical and electronic equipment waste has significant value. They contain non-renewable materials, such as valuable rare earth metals, and also hazardous substances that can not be released into the environment. To reduce environmental impact and maximize material usage, electrical and electronic equipment waste must be recycled. The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to map the state of household electronic waste management in Estonia and compare it with major world countries and other European Union member states. To achieve this goal, five interviews were conducted with companies involved in the management of electrical and electronic equipment waste. Estonian and European Union statistics about electrical and electronic equipment put on market, waste electrical and electronic equipment collection and recycling of waste were compared. Scientific literature was reviewed to investigate the electrical and electronic equipment waste management practices of other countries. The study reveals that excessive reporting requirements imposed by the state burden producer responsibility organizations and companies, negatively affecting all parties involved. Estonian and EU statistics on Estonian electrical and electronic equipment waste do not align—Estonia struggles with managing multiple waste reporting platforms. At less supervised waste collection points, electrical and electronic equipment waste is not declared with the correct waste code, negatively impacting collection statistics. There is very little modern literature on the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment waste, hindering the improvement of recycling everywhere. Statistical data on EEE waste is very generalized, making it difficult to draw long-term sector-specific conclusions and plans. The work highlights shortcomings in this field and opens new avenues for future research
Influence of the farm location and seasonal fluctuations on the composition and properties of the milk
No full textReceived: February 24th, 2024 ; Accepted: April 30th, 2024 ; Published: May 7th, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected] aim of this research was to investigate the variations in the chemical composition as well as the physical and microbiological properties of raw milk depending on the farm location and the season. Seven dairy farms located in seven different geographic regions of Kosovo were included in the experiment. Milk composition (total solids – TS, milk fat – MF, solids nonfat – SNF, protein – P, lactose – L, active acidity – AA (pH), density – D, colony formatting unit – CFU, and somatic cells count – SCC) were analysed during a one-year period from December 2021 to November 2022. In a total of 252 analysed milk samples, the research showed an average good composition in accordance with the Kosovo regulation for milk quality: TS (13.71%), MF (5.12%), SNF (8.60%), P (3.25%), L (3.87%), AA (6.83), D (1.028 g cm-3), but higher number of CFU (194,048 mL-1), and SCC (418,429 mL-1). Farm location showed significant differences (P < 0.01) in TS, MF, SNF, P, D, CFU and SCC, whereas L content and AA value were statistically non-significant. The lower value of TS, MF, and CFU were detected in summer, AA, and P in spring, SNF and L in autumn, D value was similar in all seasons, whereas only SCC was present in winter season. The differences in all analysed parameters with respect to the season were statistically non-significant
Nanoosakestel põhinevate lisandite mõju hinnang reaktiivkütuste põletamisel
No full textMaster’s thesis Energy Application EngineeringThe world is shifting from fossil fuels to electricity to reduce carbon emissions, but jet fuel remains essential for aviation due to its high energy density and lack of viable electric alternatives for long flights. Adding nanoparticles to jet fuel offers a promising way to reduce emissions by enhancing combustion efficiency, decreasing carbon footprint of air freight, and reducing the release of harmful exhaust gases.
In this study, five syntheses were performed using a green synthesis approach, with sunflower seeds used as a precursor due to their high oil content, facilitating homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles within the jet fuel. Physical and chemical tests were performed on the Jet A-1 and Jet A-1 nanofuel, including distillation characteristics, flash point, and density analysis. Engine tests were then conducted to measure various parameters such as airspeed, temperature, pressure, and exhaust emissions. The results showed improved engine performance metrics with ZnO nanoparticles, including increased airspeeds, temperatures, and pressures. However, this enhancement was accompanied by slightly higher emissions of CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and NOx that could originate from the way of synthesis itself. These findings contrasted with literature, highlighting the need for further research to understand the varying effects of nanoparticle incorporation in different engine configurations and operating conditions. Future research should focus on improving nanoparticle synthesis, stability, and concentration optimization, alongside investigating their long-term effects on fuel filters and emissions reduction strategies.Maailm on liikumas fossiilkütustelt elektrile nii transpordis kui ka muudes sektorites, et saavutada jätkusuutlikkus ja vähendada süsinikdioksiidi heitkoguseid. Reaktiivkütus on lennunduse jaoks endiselt ülioluline oma suure energiatiheduse ja elektriliste alternatiivide puudumise tõttu pikamaalendudeks. Nanoosakeste lisamine lennukikütusele on paljulubav viis heitkoguste vähendamiseks, suurendades põlemistõhusust, vähendades õhutranspordi süsiniku jalajälge ja vähendades kahjulike heitgaaside eraldumist.
Lõputöös viidi läbi viis sünteesi, kasutades rohesünteesi lähenemisviisi. Päevalilleseemneid kasutati nende kõrge õlisisalduse tõttu prekursorina, mis hõlbustas nanoosakeste homogeenset hajumist lennukikütuses. Jet A-1 ja Jet A-1 nanokütustega viidi läbi füüsikalised ja keemilised testid, sealhulgas destilleerimisekarakteristikud, leekpunkti ja tiheduse analüüsi. Seejärel viidi läbi mootorikatsed, et mõõta erinevaid tööparameetreid, nagu õhukiirus, temperatuur, rõhk ja heitgaaside koostis. Tulemused näitasid, et ZnO nanoosakestega on paranenud mootori jõudlusnäitajad, sealhulgas suurenenud õhukiirused, temperatuurid ja rõhud. Nanoosakeste lisamisega kaasnes aga suurem CO, CO2, süsivesinike ja NOx heitkogus, mis võis tuleneda sünteesist. Need leiud on vastuolus kirjandusega, rõhutades vajadust täiendavate uuringute järele, et mõista nanoosakeste kaasamise erinevaid mõjusid mootori erinevates konfiguratsioonides ja töötingimustes. Tulevased uuringud peaksid keskenduma nanoosakeste sünteesi, stabiilsuse ja kontsentratsiooni optimeerimise täiustamisele, lisaks uurima nende pikaajalist mõju kütusefiltritele ja heitkoguste vähendamise strateegiatele
The implementation of sustainable urban agriculture: response of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) towards planting media composition of top soil, biochar and manure at vertical farming
No full textReceived: October 25th, 2023 ; Accepted: March 9th, 2024 ; Published: March 30th, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study investigates the growth and yield response of mustard to different planting media of soil, biochar, and manure as planting media, within a vertical cultivation technique. Three-month research was carried out at the Screen House of Agroclimatology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Papua University, employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and triplicates. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that at 2 weeks after planting (WAP) period demonstrated a statistically significant effect of growing media composition on mustard height. Notably, Soil:Biochar (M1) treatment exhibited the highest plant height, surpassing Soil:Biochar:Manure (M3) treatment. Although biochar addition had an insignificant effect compared to control (M0) and Soil:Manure (M2) treatments, Soil: Biochar still achieved the greatest height. Further significance tests revealed that Soil:Biochar treatment recorded the longest leaf length, a measure not significantly different from Soil:Manure and Soil:Biochar:Manure treatments, but notably different from control which produced the shortest leaf length. Moreover, the Soil:Manure treatment presented the highest yield in terms of plant fresh weight compared to other treatments. While Soil:Biochar and Soil:Biochar:Manure treatments did not show statistical differences, their results were higher than control. In conclusion, the Soil:Manure treatment displayed the highest yield for plant dry weight and total plant weight per pot compared to other treatments, where control consistently performed the lowest. These findings underscore the efficacy of the Soil: Manure treatment in optimizing mustard growth and yield within a vertical cultivation system
Tammistu Agro OÜ financial analysis for the years 2018-2022
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Maamajandusliku ettevõtluse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekavalPõllumajandusettevõtete majandustegevuse tulemuslikkuse ning sellega seotud kulude ja tulude struktuuride mõistmisel on suur roll finantside juhtimisel ning pidev finantsolukorra analüüs aitab ettevõttel kasumlikumalt tegutseda. Bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on hinnata Tammistu Agro OÜ majanduslikku olukorda aastatel 2018-2022 finantsanalüüsi meetodeid kasutades ning teha järeldusi ettevõtte finantsilise olukorra kohta.
Töö jaguneb kaheks osaks. Töö teoreetilises osas selgitatakse finantsanalüüsi olemust ning antakse ülevaade finantsanalüüsi meetoditest. Empiirilises osas antakse ülevaade ettevõtte majandustegevusest. Teostatakse Tammistu Agro OÜ finantsanalüüs, mille käigus analüüsitakse ettevõtte bilanssi ja kasumiaruannet horisontaal- ja vertikaalanalüüsi meetodeid kasutades ja arvutatakse peamised finantssuhtarvud ning tehakse autoripoolseid järeldusi.
Finantsanalüüsi käigus selgus, et Tammistu Agro OÜ on analüüsitavate aastate vältel suutnud püsida jätkusuutlikuna ning konkurentsis püsimiseks on täiendavalt investeeritud põhivarasse. Ettevõte on suutnud vaadeldaval perioodil igal aastal teenida kasumit ning suhtarvude analüüsi tulemustest tulenevalt on ettevõtte finantsseisund tugev.Understanding the performance of agricultural enterprises, as well as the structure of related costs and revenues, plays a crucial role in financial management. Continuous financial analysis aids a company in operating more profitably. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to conduct a financial analysis of Tammistu Agro OÜ for the years 2018-2022 and to make economic conclusions about the company’s financial condition based on the results.
The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part explains the nature of financial analysis and provides an overview of financial analysis methods. The empirical part reviews the company’s economic activities. A financial analysis of Tammistu Agro OÜ is conducted, which includes an examination of the company’s balance sheet and income statement using horizontal and vertical analysis methods, and the calculation of key financial ratios followed by the author’s conclusions.
The financial analysis revealed that Tammistu Agro OÜ has managed to remain sustainable during the analyzed years and has additionally invested in fixed assets to stay competitive. The company has generated profit each year during the observed period, and the analysis of the financial ratios indicates that the company’s financial condition is strong
In vivo evaluation of antioxydant potential and antihyperglycemic effect of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni
No full textReceived: October 1st, 2023 ; Accepted: December 23rd, 2023 ; Published: January 22nd, 2024 ; Correspondence: [email protected] rebaudiana Bertoni (SR) has a high concentration of phytochemicals that promote health and well-being in conditions such as diabetes. This study aims to assess the antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic effects of SR on diabetes in male rats caused by Alloxan. Forty adult male rats were divided into five groups. For 28 days, SR was administered by gavage. Spinreact and ELISA kits were used to detect serum levels of blood glucose, insulin, liver function, lipid profiles, antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation. Histopathology was also investigated. Stevia’s free radical scavenging capabilities have an IC50 value of between 34.49 and 39.66 mg L-1. Stevia therapy reduced biochemical markers in diabetic rats (DR). After 28 days, SR raised fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid peroxidation serum levels by 52%, 40%, and 27%, respectively. Also, in DR treated with SR, there was a substantial increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (35.8%), superoxide dismutase (30%), total antioxidant status (20%), glutathione peroxidase and reductase. SR improves DR’s pancreas and liver function by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system. These findings revealed that SR counteracted Alloxan’s necrotic effects by reducing insulin resistance in DR, hence revitalizing pancreatic β–cells
Green Destination as a tool for destination sustainability
No full textMagistritöö
Loodusturismi õppekavalGreen Destinations on ülemaailme organisatsioon, mis toetab jätkusuutlikke sihtkohti,
nende ettevõtteid ja kogukondi. Selleks pakuvad nad standardit jätkusuutlikkuse profiili
mõõtmiseks, jälgimiseks ja parandamiseks sihtkohtades ja piirkondades. Sihtkohad kogu
maailmas kohandavad oma jätkusuutlikkuse juhtimissüsteemi ja tegevusi vastavalt kestlike
sihtkohtade standardile, et saada tunnustust nende jõupingutuse eest. Eesti esimesed 7
sihtkohta liitusid selle pilootprogrammiga 2020. aastal.
Magistritöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada Green Destinations´i programmis osalemise
mõju sihtkoha kestlikkuse arendamisel ja eestvedamisel. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks viidi
läbi uuring Eesti kestlike sihtkohtade koordinaatoritega ja võrgustiku üldkoordinaatoriga,
milleks kasutati poolstruktureeritud intervjuu meetodit.
Tulemustest selgus, et Green Destinations´i standardit ja programmis osalemist
kasutatakse peamiselt kestlikkuse tööriistana sihtkoha juhtimisel, kuna see seab teatud
raamistiku, tänu millele on lihtsam pöörata tähelepanu meie sihtkohtade arendamise vajaka
jäävatele osadele, lisaks annab see võimaluse populariseerida kestlikkuse teemat, tõmmata
sihtkohtadele tähelepanu, edendada kohalikku ettevõtlust, aga samuti koostöövõimaluste
laiendamiseks ning kõikide sidusrühmade kaasamiseks.
Uurimistulemustest lähtuvalt võiksid Eesti kestlikke sihtkohtade eestvedajad suurendada
koostööd kohalike ettevõtete ja kogukonna liikmetega. Edasised uuringud võiksid
keskenduda rohkem Green Destinations´i programmis osalemise mõjule kohalike
ettevõtjate ja kogukonna vaatenurgast lähtuvalt.Green Destinations is a global organization that supports sustainable destinations, their
businesses and communities. They provide a standard for measuring, monitoring and
improving the sustainability profile to destinations and regions. Destinations around the
world are adapting their sustainability management system and operations to the
Sustainable Destinations Standard to gain recognition for their efforts. The first 7
destinations in Estonia joined this pilot program in 2020.
The general goal of the Master’s Thesis is to find out the impact of participation in the
Green Destination program on the development and leadership of the sustainability of the
destination. In order to achieve the goals, a study was conducted with the coordinators of
sustainable destinations in Estonia and the general coordinator of the network, using a
semi-structured interview method.
The results revealed that the Green Destinations standard and participation in the program is
mainly used as a sustainability tool in destination management, asi it sets a certain
framework that makes it easier to pay attention to the missing parts of our destinations, in
addition, it provides an opportunity to popularize the topic of sustainability, draw attention
to destinations, promote local entrepreneurship, expand cooperation opportunities between
different parties and to involve all stakeholders.
Based on the research results, the leaders of sustainable destinations in Estonia could
increase cooperation with local companies and community members. Further research could
focus more on the impact of participation in the Green Destinations program from the
perspective of local entrepreneurs and the community
Analysis of forest renewal expertise based on 2017-2023 data and possible impact on the forest industry in the future
No full textMagistritöö
Metsatööstuse õppekavalMetsade majandamisest tähtis lõik on metsade uuendamine, mis hõlmab küpse metsa
uuendusraiet ja seejärel metsaomaniku valikul tegevusi, mis tagaks seaduses nõutud aja
möödudes metsa uuenemise. Käesoleva töö eesmärk on analüüsida
metsauuendusekspertiiside alusel uuenemise edukust erinevate kasvukohtade, omanike,
puuliikide lõikes ja aja suhtes ning tulemuste võimalikku mõju süsiniku sidumise ja
tööstuse vaatest.
Töö jaoks on koostatud metsauuendusekspertiisidest andmestik ajavahemikust 2017. aasta
september kuni 2023. aasta detsember. Andmestik koosnes algselt 101588-st reast, milles
oli 38212 metsauuendusekspertiisi andmed.
Töö tulemustena leiti enamsupuuliikide muutus andmestiku üldkogumis ja erinevate
omanike lõikes. Üldkogumis on okaspuu alade suur pindala langus, vastupidiselt
lehtpuude pindala kasv. Uuenemise edukus erinevate uuendusvõtete lõikes andis
tulemuseks kultiveerimise edukama tulemuse, seevastu külvi ja loodusliku uuenemise
kaasaaitamise tulemused olid halvemad. Uuenemise sõltuvus metsateatise ja
metsauuendusekspertiisi vahelisest ajast andis eelise kultiveerimisele. Süsiniku sidumise
vaatest on kaasikute pindala kasv positiivne, kuna on tegemist tiheda ja kiirekasvulise
puuga, mis on otseses seoses süsiniku hulga sidumisega. Süsiniku sidumine pikaks
perioodiks, on okaspuude pindalalise kahanemise valguses negatiivne. Samuti on pikas perspektiivis okaspuu töötlejatel ette näha toorme vähenemist. Seevastu kase ja haava ja
sanglepa toormekogused selleks ajaks kasvavad.
Antud töö jätkuna oleks võimalik teha uuring, mille käigus tehakse andmestikust mingi
aja möödudes valim ja hinnatakse looduses alade olukorda ja arengut ajas. Töös on
käsitletud ka metsauuendusekspertiisi teisel kohal olevat puuliiki ja võimalikku alade
muutust hooldamise läbi. Samuti on olemas kõikide leitud puuliikide arvud hekatri kohta.
Sellest lähtuvalt oleks võimalik hinnata omanike aktiivsust metsahooldustöödes
suunamaks metsade arengut.
Töö tulemusest võib olla kasu arvestamaks uuendamisvõtete valikut mõnes kindlas
kasvukohas, mille uuendamisel näiteks ainult mineraliseerimine ei anna tulemust – näiteks
sinilille kasvukoht. Samuti võiks olla kasu pikalt ettemõtlevale metsaomanikule, kes leiab,
et kui tulevikus okaspuud jääb palju vähemaks, siis selle väärtus võib ajas rohkem
kasvada.An important part of forest management is forest renewal, which includes renewal felling
of mature forest and then, at the choice of the forest owner, activities that would ensure
the renewal of the forest after the time required by the law. The purpose of this work is to
analyze the success of regeneration based on forest regeneration expertise in terms of
different growth sites, owners, tree species and time, and the possible impact of the results
from the point of view of carbon sequestration and forest industry.
For the work, a dataset of forest renewal expertise has been compiled from September
2017 to December 2023. The database originally consisted of 101588 rows with data from
38212 forest renewal expertise.
As a result of the work, a change in the the dominant tree species was found in the general
set of the dataset and across different owners. In the general population, there is a large
decrease in the area of coniferous areas, on the contrary, there is an increase in the area of
deciduous trees. The success of regeneration in terms of different regeneration techniques
resulted in a more successful result of reforestation, while the results of seeding and
assisting natural regeneration were worse. The dependence of renewal on the time between
forest notification and forest renewal expertise gave an advantage to cultivation. From the
point of view of carbon sequestration, the increase in the surface area of the birch is positive, as it is a dense and fast-growing tree, which is directly related to the sequestration
of the amount of carbon. Carbon sequestration for a long period is negative in the light of
the area reduction of conifers. Also, in the long term, softwood processors can expect a
decrease in raw materials. On the other hand, the raw quantities of birch and aspen and
black alder will increase by that time.
As a continuation of this work, it would be possible to conduct a study, during which a
sample is made from the database after some time has passed and the situation and
development of the areas in nature are evaluated over time. The paper also discusses the
second-ranked tree species in forest renewal expertise and the possible change of areas
through maintenance. There are also numbers of all tree species found per hectare. Based
on this, it would be possible to assess the owners activity in forest maintenance work to
guide the development of forests.
The result of the work can be useful to consider the selection of renewal methods in some
specific growth sites, which, for example, only scarification does not give results when
renewing - for example Hepatica site type. It could also be useful for a forest owner who
has a long view, who finds that if there are much fewer conifers in the future, its value can
increase over time