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The use of artificial intelligence in business marketing in Estonia
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Maamajandusliku ettevõtluse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekavalTehisintellekti kasutamine turunduses on kiiresti arenev ja pidevas muutumises olev
valdkond, mille kohta olemasolevad andmed on sageli puudulikud või kiiresti vananevad.
Kuna tegemist on suhteliselt uue tehnoloogiaga, mis leiab järjest laiemat rakendust eri
ettevõtlussektorites, on oluline koguda ja analüüsida ajakohast teavet, et mõista selle
tegelikku mõju ja arengusuundi. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on uurida, kuidas
Eesti ettevõtted kasutavad tehisintellekti turundustegevustes ning millised on selle
peamised tulevikutrendid. Töö empiiriline osa tugineb kvantitatiivsele küsitlusuuringule
ja võrdlevale analüüsile, milles osales 60 eri suuruse ja tegevusvaldkonnaga ettevõtet.
Tulemused näitavad, et suuremad ettevõtted kasutavad tehisintellekti turunduses
sagedamini ja süsteemsemalt, mis on seotud paremate ressursside, oskuste ja
struktuuridega. Seevastu väiksemad ettevõtted on sageli alles algfaasis – neil puudub tihti
eraldiseisev turundusüksus ning teadmised ja oskused on koondunud üksikute töötajate
tasandile. Seetõttu on oluline toetada mikro- ja väikeettevõtteid nii teadlikkuse tõstmise
kui ka praktiliste lahenduste kättesaadavuse kaudu.The use of artificial intelligence in marketing is a rapidly developing and constantly
evolving field, for which existing data is often incomplete or quickly becomes outdated.
As this is a relatively new technology that is finding increasingly broad applications across
various business sectors, it is essential to continuously collect and analyze up-to-date
information to better understand its real impact and future directions. The aim of this
bachelor's thesis is to examine how Estonian companies use artificial intelligence in their
marketing activities and to identify key emerging trends. The empirical part of the study
is based on a quantitative survey and comparative analysis involving 60 companies of
different sizes and business sectors. The results indicate that larger companies tend to use
artificial intelligence in marketing more frequently and systematically, which can be
attributed to greater resources, expertise, and structured processes. In contrast, smaller
enterprises are often still in the early stages of implementation — they frequently lack
dedicated marketing departments, and knowledge and skills are typically concentrated in
individual employees. This highlights the need to support micro and small enterprises by
increasing awareness and improving access to practical solutions
Carbon footprint analysis of two different structural solutions, timber and masonry, for a building with identical layout
No full textMagistritöö
Maaehituse õppekavalEhitussektor on üks olulistest keskkonnamõju tekitajatest. Hoone süsiniku jalajälg kujuneb kogu hoone elutsükli vältel, alates materjali tootmisest kuni jäätmekäitluseni. Kuna süsinikudioksiidi heite kogus sõltub mitmest erinevast tegurist, peamisteks ehitusmaterjalide ja põhikonstruktsiooni valik, siis see tõstab esile olulisuse hinnata nende mõju juba varajases projekteerimisfaasis. Käesoleva uuringu eesmärgiks oli võrrelda puit- ja kivikonstruktsiooniga hoone fossiilset süsiniku heidet ehitusmaterjalide tootmisetappides A1-A3 kahe erineva LCA tarkavara, Sarv ja One Click LCA, abil. Uuringu läbiviimiseks olid koostatud kaks 3D mudelit, mille põhjal koostati materjalimahtude andmed ning viidi läbi arvutused. Tulemused näitasid One Click LCA järgi väiksemat CO₂ heidet puithoonel (54 000 kg CO₂e vs 67 300 kg CO₂e), samas kui tarkvara Sarv näitas väiksemat heitekogust kivimajal (87 300 kg CO₂e vs 88 900 kg CO₂e).
Lisaks oli uuringus pakutud ka alternatiivne lahendus puithoonele, kus algselt projekteeritud kivil oli asendatud tselluvillaga et vaadata kui suur erinevus tekib ühe olulise materjali väljavahetamisega. Hoolimata tarkvarade vastandlikest tulemustest põhikonstruktsioonitüüpide osas, jäi tselluvillaga hoone lahendus väiksema jalajäljega (Sarves 80 200 kg CO₂e ja One Click LCA-s 48 000 kg CO₂e).
See viib järelduseni, et tuleb kasutada usaldusväärseid ning ühtselt mõistetavaid LCA tarkvarasid ning arvestada kõiki materjalivalikuid, mitte ainult põhikonstruktsioonitüüpi. Edasised uuringud võiksid keskenduda ka teistele hoone elutsükli etappidele ning tarkvaradele, et näidata põhjalikum hoone keskkonnamõju.The construction sector is one of the major contributors to environmental impact. A building’s carbon footprint is formed throughout its entire life cycle, from material production to waste management. Since the amount of carbon dioxide emissions depends on various factors primarily the choice of construction materials and the main structural system this highlights the importance of assessing their impact already in the early design phase. The aim of this study was to compare the fossil carbon emissions of a timber-structured and a masonry-structured building during the construction material production stages (A1–A3) using two different LCA software tools: Sarv and One Click LCA. For the study, two 3D models were created, based on which material volume data was compiled, and calculations were performed. The results showed that according to One Click LCA, the timber building had lower CO₂ emissions (54 000 kg CO₂e vs 67 300 kg CO₂e), while the Sarv software showed lower emissions for the masonry building (87 300 kg CO₂e vs 88 900 kg CO₂e).
Additionally, the study included an alternative solution for the timber building, where the originally designed stone wool was replaced with cellulose wool to observe the impact of substituting a single key material. Despite the conflicting results from the software tools regarding the main structure type, the cellulose wool solution showed a smaller carbon footprint (80 200 kg CO₂e in Sarv and 48 000 kg CO₂e in One Click LCA).
This leads to the conclusion that it is essential to use reliable and consistently interpreted LCA software and to consider all material choices, not just the main structural system. Further research could also focus on other life cycle stages and software tools to provide a more comprehensive picture of a building’s environmental impact
Effect of shade treatment on the growth and vitality of cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus
No full textReceived: February 20th, 2025 ; Accepted: May 27th, 2025 ; Published: June 19th, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] Rubus chamaemorus is a promising new berry species for cultivation in Latvia. This study aimed to assess how different shade levels influence cloudberry growth and vitality in semi-controlled conditions. Cloudberries (variety ‘Nyby’) were planted in enclosed planting area and grown under four shading treatments, using shading nets: control (no shade), 30%, 50%, and 80% shade for two years. Non-destructive SPAD measurements were taken weekly during the growing season (from May to August) in both years. Leaf size was measured at the end of August in both years, while leaf density and leaf nutrient concentrations were determined at the end of August in 2024. The results revealed significant differences between treatments for all of the measurements, with the highest values observed in plants under the 80% shade in both years. In the second year, the 50% an 80% shade treatments had similar results. Overall, the highest plant vitality was observed under 50% and 80% shade, demonstrating that netting effectively protects cloudberries from excessive sunlight. While larger leaves might improve light capture, they also require additional energy, potentially reducing resources available for fruit production. Thus, we suggest the 50% shade to be the most effective for cloudberries in the Latvian climate, as it balances protection with optimal energy conservation. Additionally, optimal fertilizing in the field could improve plant health and yield, therefore further studies regarding the combined effects of shade and fertilization on cloudberry production are required
Comparative evaluation of black currant green fruited cultivars
No full textMagistritöö
Aianduse õppekavalTarbijate kasvavad ootused looduslikult ja keskkonnasõbralikult toodetud toidu suhtes suunavad marjakasvatajaid otsima kultuure ja sorte, mis vastaksid tarbijate ootustele ning kohaneksid kliimatingimustega. Üheks selliseks kultuuriks peetakse musta sõstart, sealhulgas roheliseviljalisi genotüüpe, mille potentsiaal väärib senisest põhjalikumat hindamist.
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärk oli hinnata roheliseviljaliste musta sõstra sortide saagikust ja saagi kvaliteeti võrreldes kontrollsordiga ’Öjebyn’.
Andmed koguti 2024. aastal Eesti Maaülikooli Polli aiandusuuringute keskuse katseaias Viljandimaal. Hinnati sortide fenoloogiat, saagikust, viljade keskmist massi, viljamahla kuivaine ja orgaaniliste hapete sisaldust ning nende suhtarvu.
Tulemustest selgus, et roheliseviljalised sordid olid valmimisaja ja saagikuse poolest kontrollsordiga sarnased. Sort ’Alli’ eristus suurima viljamassi ning kõrgeima orgaaniliste hapete sisalduse poolest. Suurim viljamahla kuivaine sisaldus oli sordil ’Venny’. Samas jäi roheliseviljaliste sortide viljamahla kuivaine ja hapete suhtarv kontrollsordi omast madalamaks – eriti eristus sort ’Alli’ oma madalaima suhtarvuga.
Töö tulemusena selgus, et püstitatud hüpotees leidis osaliselt kinnitust. Tulemusi saab kasutada edasistes sordiaretus- ja tootearendusprojektides.Consumers’ increasing demand for natural and environmentally sustainable food products is motivating berry producers to identify crop species and cultivars that align with these preferences while also demonstrating resilience to changing climatic conditions. Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), including green-fruited genotypes represents a promising candidate for such purposes and deserves more detailed evaluation.
The aim of this master’s thesis was to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of green-fruited blackcurrant cultivars in comparison to the control cultivar ’Öjebyn’.
Data were collected in 2024 in the experimental field of the Estonian University of Life Sciences located in Polli, Viljandi County. The study evaluated phenological development, yield, average berry weight, and the content of soluble solids and organic acids in the berry juice, as well as the ratio between these components.
The results showed that the green-fruited cultivars exhibited similar ripening times and yields to the control cultivar. Among them, the cultivar ‘Alli’ was notable for its highest berry weight and organic acid content. The cultivar ‘Venny’ had the highest concentration of soluble solids. However, the ratio of soluble solids to organic acids was lower in green-fruited cultivars compared to the control, with ’Alli’ showing the lowest ratio.
The finding partially supported the initial hypothesis can be applied in future breeding and product development projects
Mesoteraapia mõju hobustele omanike hinnangul
No full textFinal Thesis
Curriculum in Veterinary MedicineBack pain is a prevalent issue among riding horses. Back pain can be caused by several
pathologies, overriding dorsal spinous processes being one of the most common causes of
thoracolumbar pain and poor performance in sport horses. Mesotherapy, a treatment
modality used to relieve back pain and stiffness in horses, lacks literature on its
effectiveness. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of mesotherapy in the
treatment of horses with back pain.
The study population consists of 36 equine patients treated with mesotherapy at the
Equine Clinic of Estonian University of Life Sciences between August 2022 and February
2025, including 20 mares and 16 geldings from 12 different breeds. After the treatment,
the owners completed a survey to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and the relief of
clinical signs in their horses.
The average score for overall effect of mesotherapy, as perceived by owners, was
approximately 6.94 in a 10-point scale, with a median score of 8. Carrot stretches and core
engaging exercise had a positive association with overall effect. There was no effect of
breed, gender or age on the overall effect of mesotherapy.
The most common signs occurring in the study group before the treatment were back
sensitivity, muscle tension, and resistance in training. The reduction in these symptoms
was rated with high grades in 50.0%, 54.2%, and 45.8% of horses, respectively.
Mesotherapy showed the best improvement in aggressive behaviour when handled, with
five out of seven horses (71.4%) having good or very good treatment results.Seljavalu on sporthobuste seas levinud probleem. Seljavalu põhjusteks võivad olla mitmed
patoloogiad. Kõige levinum rindkerevalu ja sporthobuste kehva soorituse põhjus on
selgroo ogajätkete pitsumine, nn “kissing spine” sündroom. Mesoteraapiat kasutatakse
hobuste seljavalu ja jäikuse leevendamiseks, kuid selle tõhususe kohta puudub piisav
kirjandus. Selle uuringu eesmärk on kirjeldada mesoteraapia efektiivsust seljavaluga
hobuste ravis.
Uuringus osales 36 hobust, keda raviti ajavahemikul 2022. aasta augustist 2025. aasta
veebruarini Eesti Maaülikooli (EMÜ) Hobusekliinikus mesoteraapiaga, nende hulgas oli
20 mära ja 16 ruuna. Esindatud oli 12 hobusetõugu. Pärast mesoteraapiat täitsid
hobuseomanikud internetipõhise küsitluse, milles hindasid ravi efektiivsust ja kliiniliste
tunnuste leevenemist oma hobustel.
Omanike hinnangul oli mesoteraapia üldine mõju 10-pallisel skaalal keskmiselt ligikaudu
6,94, mediaanskooriga 8. Hobuse tõug, sugu või vanus ei mõjutanud mesoteraapia üldist
mõju. Kõige sagedasemateks nähtudeks uuringurühmas enne ravi olid selja tundlikkus,
lihasjäikus ja vastuhakk treeningul. Nende sümptomite vähenemist hinnati kõrgete
hinnetega vastavalt 50,0%, 54,2% ja 45,8% hobustest. Kõige paremini mõjus
mesoteraapia agressiivsele käitumisele, viiel hobusel seitsmest (71,4%) olid ravitulemused
head või väga head
Principles of Creating and Managing Social Media Pages and Content Analysis of Two Estonian Environmental Citizen Science Initiatives
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekavalKeskkonnateadlikkuse tõusu ja infotehnoloogilise arengu kontekstis on harrastusteadus muutunud oluliseks tööriistaks kodanike kaasamisel teadustegevusse. Eriti aktuaalseks on see muutunud sotsiaalmeedia leviku taustal, mis loob uusi võimalusi teadusprojektide nähtavuse suurendamiseks ja osalusvõimaluste laiendamiseks. Kuigi rahvusvaheliselt on harrastusteaduse ja sotsiaalmeedia seoseid uuritud järjest enam, on Eesti kontekstis teemat käsitletud seni vähesel määral.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on analüüsida, milliseid sisu- ja kaasamispõhimõtteid rakendatakse Eesti keskkonnateemaliste harrastusteaduse algatuste sotsiaalmeediakontodel, ning millised on postituste kaasatusnäitajad. Uuring tugineb kahe algatuse („Eesti otsib nurmenukke“ ja „Loodusvaatluste maraton“) Facebooki ja Instagrami postituste sisuanalüüsile ning toetub poolstruktureeritud intervjuudele projektide korraldajatega.
Tulemused näitavad, et sotsiaalmeedias avaldatud sisu keskendub peamiselt projektide tutvustamisele ja üleskutsetele osalemiseks, samas kui haridusliku ja teadusliku teabe osakaal on väiksem. Facebookis on kasutajate absoluutne aktiivsus suurem, kuid kaasatus ühe postituse kohta on kõrgem Instagramis. Intervjuud näitasid, et sotsiaalmeedia kasutatakse strateegiliselt nii nähtavuse suurendamiseks kui ka kogukondliku sideme loomiseks.
Töö aitab paremini mõista sotsiaalmeedia rolli Eesti harrastusteaduse projektide kontekstis ning loob aluse edasisteks uuringuteks sotsiaalmeedia sisustrateegiate tõhustamise ja osaluse laiendamise võimaluste osas. Tulemusi saab rakendada ka keskkonnaorganisatsioonide teaduskommunikatsiooni planeerimisel.In the context of rising environmental awareness and rapid information technology development, citizen science has become an increasingly important tool for engaging the public in scientific activities. This is especially evident in the age of social media, which offers new opportunities to enhance the visibility of scientific initiatives and broaden participation. While the relationship between citizen science and social media has been widely studied internationally, it has received limited attention in the Estonian context.
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to analyze the content and engagement strategies employed on the social media accounts of Estonian citizen science initiatives in the field of environmental research, as well as to assess the level of audience engagement with the posts. The study focuses on the Facebook and Instagram accounts of two projects –Eesti otsib nurmenukke ("Estonia is Looking for Cowslips") and Loodusvaatluste maraton ("Nature Observation Marathon") – and combines quantitative content analysis of posts with qualitative insights obtained through semi-structured interviews with project coordinators.
The results show that most social media content is dedicated to promoting the projects and encouraging participation, while the proportion of educational and scientific information remains lower. User activity was higher on Facebook in absolute numbers, but the relative engagement per post was often greater on Instagram. Interviews revealed that social media is used strategically both for increasing visibility and for building community involvement.
This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the role of social media in the communication strategies of Estonian citizen science initiatives and lays the groundwork for future research into enhancing participation and improving content strategies. The findings may also be applied in the planning of science communication by environmental organizations
Serum gammaglutamyl transferase activity and immunoglobulin G concentration connection in neonate calves
No full textLõputöö
Veterinaarmeditsiini õppekavalVasikate passiivse immuunsuse välja arenemiseks on oluline, et nad saaksid võimalikult
kiiresti peale sündi piisavas koguses kvaliteetset ternespiima. Piisav passiivne immuunsus
aitab vähendada vasikate haigestumist ja suremust. Passiivse immuunsuse hindamiseks
vasikatel kasutatakse immuunglobuliin G (IgG), gammaglutamüüli transferaasi (GGT) ja
seerumi koguvalgu määramist. Käesoleva lõputöö eesmärgiks oli uurida vasika vereseerumi
GGT aktiivsuse seost seerumi IgG kontsentratsiooniga 1 kuni 21 päeva vanustel Eesti
Holsteini tõugu vasikatel. Lisaks selgitati ka ternespiima IgG sisalduse mõju vasikate
vereseerumi GGT aktiivsusele. Proovid (n = 144) koguti Järvamaal asuvast piimafarmist.
Proove koguti kõikidelt lehmvasikatelt, kes sündisid ajavahemikus 21.jaanuar kuni 16.märts
2015.aastal. Leiti, et IgG väärtus vasikate vereseerumis on kõrgeim esimese kolme päeva
jooksul, millele järgneb järk-järguline langus. Üheksandal päeval hakkab IgG väärtus tõusma
vasika enda endogeense tootmise tõttu. Seerumi koguvalgu kontsentratsioon jäi aja jooksul
suhteliselt muutumatuks. GGT aktiivsus tõuseb esimesel päeval seoses ternespiima
tarbimisega ja seejärel langeb kiiresti vastavalt vasika vanusele. Regressioonanalüüsi
tulemusena leiti, et ternespiima IgG-l ei ole statistiliselt olulist seost vasika GGT
aktiivsusega. Vasika vanusel ja vereseerumi IgG-l on esimese kahe nädala jooksul seos GGT
aktiivsusega, mis näitab, et nooremal ja kõrgema IgG kontsentratsiooniga vasikal ka kõrgem
GGT aktiivsus. Lõputöö tulemused näitavad, et GGT saab kasutada passiivse immuunsuse
hindamise markerina vasika esimese kahe nädala jooksul.For the proper development of passive immunity in calves, it is essential that they receive a
sufficient amount of high-quality colostrum as soon as possible after birth. Adequate passive
immunity helps reduce the incidence of disease and mortality in calves. To assess passive
immunity in calves, immunoglobulin G (IgG), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and
serum total protein measurements are used. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the
relationship between serum GGT activity and IgG concentration in Estonian Holstein calves
aged 1 to 21 days. Additionally, the influence of colostrum IgG content on calf serum GGT
activity was examined. A total of 144 samples were collected from a dairy farm in Järvamaa.
Samples were taken from all female calves born between January 21 and March 16, 2015.
The findings revealed that IgG levels in calf serum are highest during the first three days,
followed by a gradual decline. On the ninth day, IgG values begin to rise due to the calf’s
own endogenous production. Serum total protein concentration remained relatively stable
over time. GGT activity increases on the first day due to colostrum consumption and then
rapidly decreases as the calf ages. Regression analysis showed that colostrum IgG does not
have a statistically significant association with calf GGT activity. However, during the first
two weeks, calf age and serum IgG levels are related to GGT activity, indicating that younger
calves with higher IgG concentrations also exhibit higher GGT activity. The results of this
thesis demonstrate that GGT can serve as a marker for passive immunity assessment in calves
during their first two weeks
Lighting Conditions in Gyms
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekavalKäesolev bakalaureusetöö uurib valgustustingimusi Eesti spordisaalides, keskendudes nende sobivusele korvpallimängude jaoks. Töö eesmärgiks oli hinnata valgustuse kvaliteeti, selle vastavust kehtivatele standarditele ning mõju sportlaste visuaalsele tajule ja sooritusvõimele. Uuringus viidi läbi valgustuse mõõtmised neljas spordisaalis (Tartu, Rakvere, Paide, Pärnu) aastatel 2023 ja 2025. Kasutati spektromeetrilist mõõtmistehnikat ja silindrilist mõõtmismeetodit, et simuleerida mängijate visuaalset kogemust.
Mõõtmistulemusi analüüsiti võtmeparameetrite kaudu nagu fotoopiline valgustatus (Ev), ühtlustegur (U₀), S/P suhe ning värviesitusindeksid (Rf ja Rg). Tartu Ülikooli Spordihoone ja Rakvere Spordihall paistsid silma oma väga kõrge valgusühtluse ja värviesituse poolest, sobides hästi rahvusvaheliste võistluste korraldamiseks. Aga ilmnes, et Paide E-Piim Spordihalli valgustus ei vasta teleülekannete nõuetele – sealne valgustatus jäi oluliselt alla FIBA poolt nõutud 1500 luksile. Hoolimata sellest nõuab Eesti Korvpalliliit igalt esiliiga saalilt teleülekandeid, ent ei sätesta samas reeglistikus konkreetseid valgustusnõudeid. Samuti puudub Eesti EVS-EN 12193 standardis televisioonile suunatud valgustustasemete määratlus, mistõttu kasutab korvpalliliit paralleelselt FIBA Euroopa standardit.
Töö toob välja olulise vastuolu: kuigi kõrgemates liigades (sh esiliiga) on teleülekanne kohustuslik, puuduvad Eesti juhendites vastavad tehnilised miinimumnõuded valgustusele. See võib põhjustada olukorra, kus visuaalse kvaliteedi ja ohutuse tagamiseks vajalikku valgusvõimsust ei saavutata.
Lisaks mõõtmistele viidi läbi küsitlus 30 professionaalse korvpalluri seas, mille tulemused kinnitasid, et valgustuse kvaliteet mõjutab otseselt mängijate sooritust ja tajutavat mugavust. Töö tulemused rõhutavad vajadust ajakohastada Eesti spordivalgustuse standardeid ning siduda need selgelt praktikasse rakendatud liigatasemete ja ülekandenõuetega. Töö pakub praktilisi soovitusi valgustuskeskkonna arendamiseks ning on kasulik lähtealus edasistele valdkonnapõhistele uuringutele ja standardi uuendamisele.This bachelor’s thesis examines the lighting conditions in Estonian sports halls, focusing on their suitability for basketball games and live broadcasts. The objective of the study was to evaluate lighting quality, its compliance with international standards, and its impact on athletes’ visual perception and performance. Measurements were carried out in four sports halls (Tartu, Rakvere, Paide, and Pärnu) in 2023 and 2025 using a spectrometer and cylindrical measurement methods to simulate the player’s point of view.
The analysis focused on key parameters such as illuminance (Ev), uniformity (U₀), S/P ratio, and color rendering indices (Rf, Rg). While most halls met the relevant standards, it was found that Paide E-Piim Sports Hall did not meet the FIBA requirement of 1500 lux for televised events. Despite the Estonian Basketball Association mandating live broadcasts for all first league (Saku I Liiga) venues, the league’s regulations do not specify minimum lighting requirements. Furthermore, the national EVS-EN 12193 standard lacks any category for televised sports events, which is why the Estonian Basketball Association relies on FIBA Europe’s standards instead.
This highlights a significant regulatory gap: while high-level leagues require broadcasting, the lighting requirements to support it are undefined in national regulations, potentially resulting in substandard visual conditions for athletes, referees, and viewers.
A survey of 30 professional basketball players further confirmed that lighting quality directly affects performance, comfort, and visual clarity. The findings emphasize the need to update Estonia’s lighting standards to better reflect the practical and technical demands of modern sports broadcasting. The thesis provides practical recommendations for improving sports hall lighting and serves as a valuable foundation for further research and policy development
The role of ICT and animal welfare concerns in Estonian food purchasing channel preferences
No full textReceived: February 1st, 2025 ; Accepted: May 27th, 2025 ; Published: June 21st, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] modern consumer is now more attentive to animal welfare practices, and this is an important factor when making food purchasing decisions. Different levels of concern for animal welfare as well as the use of information and communication technology (ICT) affect consumer food consumption and purchasing decisions and information access. This study explored both consumer preferences for food purchasing channels by using principal component analysis and regression analysis as well as the interaction between ICT use and animal welfare concerns. To analyse consumer preferences for food purchasing channels, we utilised data from a survey on the use of various retail outlets, such as buying online, retail stores, local markets, directly from producers, and organic or specialised shops. We used the varimax rotation method in principal component analysis to find the main factors in consumer choices related to animal health and welfare. Results from five generalised linear models indicated that Estonian consumers are more willing to purchase products of animal origin directly from producers or in organic or specialised shops when they pay attention to animal health and welfare. Animal health and general welfare practices aimed at ensuring the safety of food in large-scale production and distribution are significant for retail shop users. More frequent ICT use does not translate to a preference for online food shopping over more traditional retail purchasing. Compared with other age-gender groups, younger women prefer to buy food directly from producers. Older individuals in particular favour purchasing food from traditional retail stores rather than online. Consumers who prefer to buy food online are more concerned about animal health and welfare
Restoring project 1976-1979
No full textPhytoplankton biomass, diversity and abundance in samples collected from Lake Alevijärv, Lake Kiivite, Lake Lüüsjärv, Lake Suure-Jaani during the period 1976-1979