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Spatial distribution of residential and public buildings built in Tartu county outside the settlement Tartu City in 2011-2024 and in context to population changes
No full textMagistritöö
Geodeesia, kinnisvara- ja maakorralduse õppekavalViimaste aastate trendiks on olnud kiired maastikumuutused linnalähedastel aladel, kuid selle mõjust puutumata ei jää maakondade äärealad. Uute hoonestatud alade tekkimine kiire tempoga võib tekitada probleeme, sest põllumajanduslikult väärtuslikke maid jääb vähemaks ja uued elamualad paiknevad killustatult. Protsessi, kus linnad kasvavad linnapiirist väljapoole, nimetatakse valglinnastumiseks. ning selle mõjutajateks on rahvaarvu muutused, inimeste soov paremale elukvaliteedile ja rahulikumale keskkonnale.
Magistritöö eesmärk on analüüsida Tartu maakonnas aastatel 2011-2024 ehitatud eluhoonete ja ühiskondlike hoonete paiknemist ja seoseid rahvastikumuutustega. Nimetatud eesmärgi jaoks kasutatakse Maa- ja Ruumiameti Eesti topograafia andmekogu (ETAK), haldus- ja asustusjaotuse andmeid ning Statistikaameti rahvastiku andmeid.
Töö tulemustest saab järeldada, et uued eluhooned ja ühiskondlikud hooned Tartu maakonnas on ehitatud peamiselt Tartu ja Elva linna ümbrusesse ning suuremate asustusüksuste lähedale. Tartu linnast keskmiselt 5,992 km kaugusele ja teistest asustusüksustest keskmiselt 1,194 km kaugusele. Ehitustegevus toimub eelistatult piirkondades, kus on olemas toimivad igapäevaeluks vajalikud hüved ja hea ligipääs teedevõrgule. Analüüsides eluhoonete ja ühiskondlike hoonete ehitustegevust ja rahvastikumuutusi koos, siis on kõige rohkem Tartu maakonnas piirkondi, mis on ehitustegevuse ja rahvaarvu muutuste poolest passiivsed. Märkimisväärselt paikneb Tartu maakonnas ka piirkondi, kus ehitustegevus ei ole toimunud aga rahvastik on kasvanud. Kõige vähem paikneb Tartu maakonnas piirkondasid, kus eluhooneid ja ühiskondlikke hooneid ehitati, kuid rahvastik kahanes.Rapid landscape change in peri-urban areas, has been more prevalent in recent years by which peripheral ares of counties have also been affected. The emergence of new built-up areas at a rapid pace can cause problems, as agriculturally valuable land becomes scarcer and new residential areas are fragmented. The process of urban sprawl is known as urban sprawl, and is driven by population change, people's desire for a better quality of life and a more peaceful environment.
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the location of residential and public buildings built in Tartu County between 2011 and 2024 in relation to population change. For this purpose, the Estonian Topography Database (ETAK) of the Land and Spatial Administration, administrative and settlement distribution data and population data from Statistics Estonia are used.
From the results of the study it can be concluded that new residential and public buildings in Tartu County have been built mainly around the cities of Tartu and Elva and near larger settlements. The average distance from the city of Tartu is 5,992 km and the average distance from settlements is 1,194 km. Construction is preferably located in areas with functional amenities for daily life and good access to the road network. When analysing residential and public building construction activity and population change together, Tartu County has the highest number of areas that are inactive in terms of construction activity and population change. In addition, a significant number of areas in Tartu County have had no construction activity but the population has grown. Tartu County has the lowest number of areas in which residential and public buildings were built but the population decreased
Detection and analysis of forest changes in Saarde municipality, focusing on clear-cutting based on Estonian Land and Spatial Development Board data 2019–2021
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekavalLageraiete ulatuse ja aja määramine on Eesti metsapoliitikas oluline teema, kuid seni kasutatavatel meetoditel on mitmeid piiranguid. Metsateatised sõltuvad omanike poolt esitatud andmetest ning statistiline metsainventuur on ajamahukas ja üldistav. Käesolev uurimistöö keskendus Eesti Maa- ja Ruumiameti loodud metsamuutuste andmekihi hindamisele lageraiete tuvastamisel. Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärk oli hinnata Eesti Maa- ja Ruumiameti loodud metsamuutuste andmekihi (MaRu) võimekust lageraiete tuvastamisel ning sellega seotud erinevusi era- ja riigimaal. Selleks võrreldi MaRu andmetes tuvastatud metsamuutusi ametlike raiedokumentide, Sentinel-2 satelliidipiltide ning riigimetsade puhul ka täpsemate RMK raieandmetega. Uurimispiirkonnaks valiti Saarde vald, mis oli vaatlusperioodil üks suurema raiemahuga omavalitsusi. Analüüs põhines raiedokumentide ja RMK andmete ruumilisel ning ajalisel võrdlusel MaRu tuvastustega, raiete toimumist kontrolliti NDVI väärtuse vähenemise põhjal Sentinel-2 piltidel. Tulemused näitasid, et MaRu andmestik kattus suurel määral tegelike lageraiealadega, kuid väiksemamahulised raied jäid tihti tuvastamata. Tuvastati olulised puudused raiete täpsuses ja raiedokumentide koostamises, mis ajaliselt kattusid MaRu vaatlusperioodiga vaid osaliselt. Töö kinnitas kaugseirepõhise metsaseire kasutatavust ulatuslike raiete tuvastamiseks ja tõi esile vajaduse täiustada andmekihtide täpsust ja ajakohasust. Uuringust järeldub, et MaRu andmestik on potentsiaalselt sobiv alus riikliku metsaseire süsteemi arendamiseks, kuid vajab täiustamist ja sagedasemat uuendamist.Determining the extent and timing of clear-cutting is a key issue in Estonian forest policy, yet the methods currently in use have several limitations. Forest notifications rely on data submitted by landowners, while the national forest inventory is time-consuming and generalised. This study focused on evaluating the capability of the forest change dataset developed by the Estonian Land and Spatial Development Board (ELSD Board) to detect clear-cutting. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of this dataset (ELSD Board) in identifying clear-cut areas and to examine differences in detection between private and state-owned forests. To achieve this, forest changes identified in the ELSD Board dataset were compared with official felling records, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, and, in the case of state forests, more detailed logging data from the State Forest Management Centre. The study area was Saarde municipality, which had one of the highest logging volumes during the observation period. The analysis was based on spatial and temporal comparisons between ELSD Board detections and the official data, with clear-cut events verified using NDVI decline detected in Sentinel-2 imagery. The results showed that the ELSD Board dataset largely corresponded to actual clear-cut areas, although smaller-scale clear-cuts were often missed. Critical shortcomings were identified in the inaccurate logging activities and logging documents, which overlapped with the ELSD Board observation period only partially. The study confirmed the usefulness of remote sensing for detecting large-scale logging and highlighted the need to improve the accuracy and timelines of forest change datasets. It concludes that ELSD Board dataset has potential as a foundation for a national forest monitoring system, but further calibration and more frequent updates are necessary
The effect of rosemary essential oil on the quality characteristics of pork meatballs
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Toiduainete tehnoloogia õppekavalViimastel aastatel on kasvanud huvi looduslike säilitusainete kasutamise vastu lihatoodetes, et vähendada sünteetiliste ainete tarbimist. Rosmariini (Rosmarinus officinalis) eeterlik õli on tuntud oma antioksüdantsete ja antimikroobsete omaduste poolest ning seda kasutatakse toiduainetööstuses nii maitse- kui ka säilitusainena.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli uurida rosmariini eeterliku õli mõju sealihast valmistatud lihapallide tehnoloogilistele mikrobioloogilistele ja sensoorsetele omadustele ning hinnata selle sobivust loodusliku säilitusainena.
Eksperimentaalses osas valmistati lihapallid, kuhu lisati rosmariini eeterlikku õli kahes erinevas kontsentratsioonis (0,125% ja 0,25%) ning võrreldi neid kontrollprooviga (ilma eeterliku õlita). Lihapalle säilitati temperatuuril +2 ± 1 °C ning analüüsid viidi läbi kolmel erineval säilituspäeval (1., 5. ja 8. päev). Hinnati toodete pH-d, värvust, kuumtöötlemiskadu, mikrobioloogilisi näitajaid ja sensoorseid omadusi.
Tulemused näitasid, et rosmariini eeterliku õli lisamine ei avaldanud olulist mõju lihapallide värvusele ega kuumtöötlemiskaole, kuid mõjutas mõningal määral pH-väärtust ja mikrobioloogilist stabiilsust. Madalaim eeterliku õli kontsentratsioon (0,125%) avaldas mõõdukat pärssivat mõju bakterite ja hallitusseente kasvule, kuid statistiliselt olulist erinevust võrreldes kontrollprooviga ei olnud. Kõrgem kontsentratsioon (0,25%) mõjus sensoorsetele omadustele negatiivselt, eriti maitsele ja lõhnale, kuid statistilist erinevust ei leitud. Visuaalsed omadused säilisid hästi kogu säilitusperioodi vältel kõigis proovides
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Kokkuvõttes võib öelda, et rosmariini eeterlik õli võib teatud tingimustel ja väiksemas koguses aidata parandada sealihast lihapallide mikrobioloogilist stabiilsust, kuid selle mõju sõltub kasutatavast kontsentratsioonist ja võib piirata toote sensoorseid omadusi. Edasistes uuringutes soovitatakse keskenduda optimaalsete kontsentratsioonide leidmisele ning uurida ka rosmariini eeterliku õli kombineerimist teiste looduslike säilitusainetega.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using natural preservatives in meat products, spurred by the need to reduce the use of artificial additives. Essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) are known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are widely used in the food industry as flavourings and preservatives. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of rosemary essential oil on the technological, microbiological and sensorical characteristics of pork meatballs and to evaluate its suitability as a natural preservative.
In the experimental phase, meatballs were prepared with two concentrations of rosemary essential oil (0.125% and 0.25%) and compared to a control sample (without added essential oil). The samples were stored at +2 ± 1 °C and analyzed on three different storage days (days 1, 5, and 8). Parameters assessed included pH, color, cooking loss, microbiological indicators, and sensory characteristics.
The results showed that the addition of rosemary essential oil did not significantly affect pH or microbiological stability. A lower concentration (0.125%) had a moderate inhibitory effect on bacterial and fungal growth, but these differences were not statistically significant compared to the control. The higher concentration (0.25%) adversely affected sensory characteristics, especially taste and smell, but no statistically significant difference was observed. The visual characteristics were stable in all samples over the storage period.
In conclusion, rosemary essential oil can contribute to improving the microbiological stability of pork meatballs under certain conditions and at lower concentrations, but its effectiveness depends on the dose used and may reduce the product's visual characteristics. Further research should be conducted to determine the optimal concentrations and to investigate the use of rosemary essential oil in combination with other natural preservatives
Design of the outdoor space at Rõngu secondary school
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnaplaneerimise ja maastikukujunduse õppekavalBakalaureusetöö eesmärk on luua Rõngu Keskkoolile turvaline ja mitmekesiste võimalustega kooliümbrus, mis toetab õpilaste iseseisvat liikumist, sotsiaalset suhtlust ning looduse kogemist. Töö keskendub kooli esise ala ümberkujundamisele, et parandada liiklusohutust ning suurendada koolihoovi funktsionaalset mitmekesisust ja kasutajasõbralikkust.
Koolikeskkonna parendamiseks viidi läbi ruumiline analüüs, mille käigus kaardistati olemasolev haljastus, liikumistrajektoorid, konfliktset kasutust põhjustavad piirkonnad ja ümbritsevad teenused. Täiendavalt kasutati uurimismeetoditena vaatlusi ning koolipere osalusel toimunud töötuba, mis aitas mõista kasutajate eelistusi ja vajadusi. Saadud sisendi põhjal kujundati terviklik disainilahendus, mis arvestab kooli asukoha looduslikke eripärasid ja ruumi igapäevast kasutust.
Kujunduslahenduse kontseptuaalseks aluseks on valitud puu sümbol – teadmiste kasvu, loovuse ja looduse sümbol. Puu tüvi tähistab liikumistelge, mis ühendab peamised tsoonid ja liikumissuunad. Kujundus pakub turvalist ja avatud ruumistruktuuri, laiemat jalakäijate ala, parkla eemaldamist ning uusi võimalusi õuesõppeks, puhkuseks ja mänguks. Tulemusena on loodud mitmekesine ja lapsesõbralik õpikeskkond, mis toetab igapäevast liikumist, sotsiaalset suhtlust ja looduse kogemist.The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to create a safe and multifunctional school environment for Rõngu Secondary School that supports students’ independent movement, social interaction, and connection with nature. The work focuses on redesigning the school’s front area to improve traffic safety and enhance the functional diversity and user-friendliness of the schoolyard.
To inform the design process, a spatial analysis was conducted to map the existing vegetation, movement trajectories, areas of spatial conflict, and surrounding community services. In addition, observational studies and a participatory workshop with the school community were used to better understand users’ preferences and needs. Based on these inputs, a comprehensive design solution was developed that takes into account the site's natural features and everyday use patterns.
The conceptual basis of the design is the symbol of a tree – representing growth in knowledge, creativity, and nature itself. The tree trunk symbolizes a movement axis that connects key zones and circulation routes. The design proposes a safe and open spatial structure, expansion of pedestrian areas, removal of the parking lot, and the addition of new opportunities for outdoor learning, play, and rest. As a result, a diverse and child-friendly learning environment has been created, one that supports daily movement, social interaction, and engagement with the natural environment.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Withdrawal strength of wood screws in thermally modified Norway spruce and black alder
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Metsanduse õppekavalPuidukruvide kinnitustugevust mõjutavad nii puidu omadused kui ka kruvi geomeetria. Viimastel aastatel on kasvanud termotöödeldud puidu kasutus, mis pakub keskkonnasõbralikku ja vastupidavat alternatiivi keemiliselt töödeldud materjalidele, ent muudab puidu mehaanilisi omadusi. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on uurida termotöötluse mõju puidukruvide kinnitustugevusele hariliku kuuse (Picea abies) ja sanglepa (Alnus glutinosa) puhul ning selgitada, millised kruvitüübi ja läbimõõdu kombinatsioonid tagavad erinevatel töötlusastmetel parima kinnitustugevuse. Katsetamiseks kasutati 3 mm, 4 mm ja 5 mm läbimõõduga mittepuurivaid ja puurivaid kruvisid. Väljatõmbetugevust hinnati tõmbekatsetega, kasutades Instron 3369 katsemasinat.
Tulemused näitasid, et termotöötlus vähendab kruvide kinnitustugevust, eriti kõrgematel temperatuuridel. Mittepuurivad kruvid tagasid enamikel juhtudel suurema väljatõmbetugevuse kui puurivad kruvid. Parimad kinnitustugevuse tulemused saavutati sageli 5 mm mittepuurivate kruvidega mõõdukalt töödeldud puidus, samas kui töötlemata kuuse puhul osutus sobivaimaks 4 mm puuriv kruvi.The pull-out strength of wood screws is influenced by both the properties of wood and the geometry of the screw. In recent years, the use of thermally modified wood has increased, offering an environmentally friendly and durable alternative to chemically treated materials, although it alters the mechanical properties of the wood. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to investigate the effect of thermal modification on the pull-out strength of wood screws in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa), and to determine which combinations of screw type and diameter provide the best fastening perfomance at various treatment levels. Screws with diameters of 3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm – both non-drilling and self-drilling – were tested. Pull-out strength was evaluated using tensile tests conducted on an Instron 3369 testing machine.
The results showed that thermal treatment reduces screw holding strength, particularly at highet treatment temperatures. Non-drilling screws provided greater pull-out strength in most cases compared to self-drilling screws. The best holding strength was often achieved with 5 mm non-drilling screws in moderately treated wood, while in untreated spruce, the most effective combination was a 4 mm self-drilling screw
Läänemere boreaalse vööndi rannaniitude ökosüsteemi-funktsioonide dünaamika mitmetasandiline modelleerimine ja skaleerimine kaugseireplatvormide abil
No full textDoctoral Thesis in Environmental Protection.Doktoritöö keskkonnakaitse erialal.ABSTRACT. Boreal Baltic Coastal Meadows face degradation caused by agricultural intensification and the abandonment of traditional management practices. In Estonia, they have been in decline over the past century, with 82% of managed coastal meadow areas lost by the year 2000. Since Estonia’s accession to the European Union, restoration efforts supported by EU agricultural funding have led to a noticeable recovery. By the end of 2019, 10700 hectares were restored. However, these coastal meadows remain under pressure from both abandonment and intensive grazing.
Previous studies aimed at assessing the current state of preservation and restoration efforts for coastal meadows have accounted for their multi-faceted dynamics. High-precision Remote Sensing (RS) technologies detect those dynamics by capturing the variety of features in multispectral wavelengths, being able to retrieve key parameters such as plant community distribution and biophysical variables—supported by UAVs and field sampling. In this way, monitoring coastal meadows has evolved from static, site-limited surveys to spatially continuous approaches that reflect ecological variability across scales. The integration of UAV data with satellite imagery allows for both fine-scale resolution and landscape-scale coverage. The information retrieved by these platforms support evidence-based decision-making for restoration planning, agri-environmental policy implementation, and adaptive management, particularly in regions facing pressures from climate change and land-use transitions.
The present thesis contributes to the monitoring of coastal meadows by extending high-precision mapping approaches to satellite-based imagery at coarser spatial resolutions. It tests the correspondence between UAV-mounted cameras and the sensors on board two well-known, medium-resolution, and publicly available satellite platforms: the European Space Agency's Sentinel-2 (S2) and the NASA–U.S. Geological Survey Landsat 8 (L8), both of which provide continuous Earth Observation (EO) data. The goal is to leverage UAV-based studies and make it feasible to expand monitoring efforts across larger areas of coastal meadows, particularly those protected under the EU Habitats Directive, Annex I (92/43/EEC). The use of publicly available satellite data also will facilitate the rapid automating and integration of UAV data with satellite data provided from Estonia’s national EO platforms. This can offer rapid decision-support tools for farmers receiving national subsidies to preserve the ecological state of coastal meadows.
This work states three hypothesis. The first posits that pixel-based classification of very high-resolution UAV imagery yields more accurate maps of plant community distribution in coastal meadows than object-based methods. The second and third hypotheses propose that very high-resolution UAV data can be effectively upscaled to estimate Plant Fractional Cover (PFC) and Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) at the spatial resolutions of Sentinel-2 (10 m) and Landsat 8 (30 m), respectively, based on the spectral compatibility between sensors and calibration procedures. To enhance predictive performance, the study employs Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms, both of which demonstrate strong capabilities in handling complex, non-linear relationships. Their non-parametric and ensemble-based nature makes them particularly effective in modeling the spatial heterogeneity typical of coastal meadow ecosystems.
Pixel-based classification proved more accurate than object-based methods for mapping Plant Communities, as it better captured the heterogeneous spectral variation typical of coastal meadows. On the other hand, upscaled UAV-derived Plant Community classification values were used both to assess the spectral correspondence between S2 and Parrot Sequoia (PS) images and to train S2-based RF models for estimating PFC. SSM was estimated at L8 scale using calibrated Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) values derived from UAV imagery and ground-based volumetric water content (VWC) measurements, resulting in very high-resolution SSM maps that were upscaled to L8 scale to train XGBoost models in three different months. The resulting predictions outperformed existing medium-resolution SSM estimation methods reported in the literature.
The models yielded moderate to high performance, underscoring the importance of integrating vegetation indices (VIs) with auxiliary variables such as Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential for scalable and automated monitoring frameworks that can inform both ecological research and the implementation of policy instruments—including agri-environmental subsidies and restoration programs—aimed at supporting the sustainable management of coastal meadows.LÜHIKOKKUVÕTE. Läänemere boreaalsed rannaniidud on aastakümneid seisnud silmitsi degradeerumisega, mida on põhjustanud põllumajanduse intensiivistumine ja traditsiooniliste majandamisviiside hülgamine. 20. sajandi jooksul on Eestis rannaniitude pindala märkimisväärselt vähenenud – aastaks 2000 oli hüljatud 82% sajandi jooksul majandatud rannaniitudest.
Pärast Eesti liitumist Euroopa Liiduga on rannaniitude taastamist hakatud toetama peamiselt ELi keskkonna- ja põllumajandusrahastuse kaudu, mis on toonud kaasa olukorra mõningase paranemise. 2019. aasta lõpuks oli Eestis taastatud ligikaudu 10 700 hektarit rannaniite. Siiski avaldavad neile kooslusele endiselt survet nii hooldusest loobumine kui ka liigne karjatamine.
Varasemates uuringutes, mille eesmärk on olnud hinnata rannaniitude ökoloogilist seisundit ja taastamise tõhusust, on arvestatud nende ökosüsteemide keerukat dünaamikat. Kõrgtäpsusega kaugseire (RS) tehnoloogiad võimaldavad neid protsesse kaardistada ning määrata taimkatte ja biogeofüüsikaliste näitajate jaotust maastikul. Mehitamata õhusõidukid (UAV-d), välitööd ja satelliitidelt saadav andmestik annavad hea sisendi rannaniitude seire arendamiseks ja nende ökoloogilise seisundi hindamiseks. See võimaldab liikuda punktipõhistelt ja statsionaarsetelt mõõtmistelt ruumiliselt pidevate ja ulatuslike hindamismeetodite suunas.
UAV-andmete ja satelliitidelt saadud andmete kombineerimine võimaldab anda nii detailset (kohalik tasand) kui ka maastikulist (suuremahulist) ülevaadet. Selline teabe integreerimine toetab tõenduspõhist otsustamist, näiteks taastamiskavade koostamisel, keskkonnatoetuste rakendamisel ja keskkonnasõbralikul majandamisel, samuti kohanemisel kliimamuutuste ja maakasutuse muutustega..
Käesolev uuring panustab rannaniitude seire arendamisse, rakendades UAV-põhiseid kaardistamismeetodeid satelliidipiltide klassifitseerimiseks, mille ruumiline lahutusvõime on väiksem. Uuringus võrreldakse ja kombineeritakse UAV andmeid Euroopa Kosmoseagentuuri Sentinel-2 (S2) ja NASA–USA Geoloogiateenistuse Landsat 8 (L8) sensorite andmetega. Eesmärk on kasutada UAV-uuringute tulemusi seire laiendamiseks suurematele aladele, eriti Natura 2000 elupaigadirektiivi (92/43/EMÜ) I lisa alla kuuluvatele rannaniitudele.
Doktoritöö seab kolm hüpoteesi. Esimene eeldab, et pikslipõhine UAV-kujutiste klassifitseerimine annab taimkatte kaardistamisel täpsemaid tulemusi kui objektipõhine lähenemine. Teine ja kolmas hüpotees eeldavad, et UAV-andmete põhjal saab usaldusväärselt hinnata taimkatte katvust (Plant Fractional Cover, PFC) ja pinnase niiskust (Surface Soil Moisture, SSM) Sentinel-2 (10 m) ja Landsat 8 (30 m) ruumilisel lahutusvõimel, eeldusel, et andurid on spektraalselt sobivad ja kalibreerimine on täpne.
Hüpoteeside testimisel kasutati masinõppe algoritme Random Forest (RF) ja XGBoost, mis sobivad hästi keeruliste ja mittelineaarsete seoste modelleerimiseks. Uuring näitas, et pikslipõhine klassifitseerimine on täpsem kui objektipõhine, kuna see suudab paremini eristada rannaniitude spektraalset mitmekesisust. Lisaks kasutati UAV-andmeid Sentinel-2 ja Parrot Sequoia (PS) andurite spektraalse vastavuse hindamiseks ning RF-mudelite treenimiseks PFC prognoosimiseks. SSM hinnati L8 skaalal UAV-andmetest tuletatud TVDI-indeksi (Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index) ja mulla vee sisalduse (Volumetric Water Content, VWC) mõõtmiste alusel. Tulemuseks saadi väga kõrge lahutusvõimega SSM-kaardid, mis skaleeriti L8 tasemele ning millega treeniti XGBoost-mudeleid kolmel erineval kuul.
Väljatöötatud mudelid andsid keskmisest kuni kõrge täpsuseni ulatuvaid tulemusi, rõhutades vegetatsiooniindeksite (VIs), digitaalse kõrgusmudeli (DEM) ja maapinna temperatuuri (LST) kombineerimise tähtsust. Kokkuvõttes näitavad uuringutulemused, et on võimalik luua skaleeritavaid ja automatiseeritud seiresüsteeme, mis toetavad nii ökoloogilist uurimistööd kui ka poliitikameetmete rakendamist, sealhulgas keskkonnatoetusi ja taastamisprogramme, mille eesmärk on rannaniitude jätkusuutlik majandamine.Publication of this dissertation has been supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences
Agrophysical condition of chernozem as a criterion for its readiness for soil tillage minimization
No full textReceived: June 6th, 2024 ; Accepted: November 11th, 2025 ; Published: November 13th, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected] objective of this study was to develop an agrophysical criterion for assessing the condition of leached chernozem under systematic shallow tillage for six years, using differential porosity, crop productivity, and energy efficiency as indicators. The results were compared to those obtained under conventional ploughing, with the goal of evaluating the feasibility of further tillage minimization in a short-rotation grain crop rotation system. The study employed standard research methods, including field observations, laboratory analysis, mathematical statistics, and comparative-calculative approaches. Under shallow tillage, the median bulk density in the 0–30 cm soil layer was higher by 0.03 g cm–3 compared to ploughing, while the standardized density range remained similar across tillage systems. However, both the upper and lower typical values increased by 0.02 g cm–3 under shallow tillage. The coefficient of variation for bulk density was 1.85 times higher under ploughing than under shallow tillage. Differential porosity measurements across five crops in the sixth year of the trial revealed that in spring, shallow tillage resulted in higher bulk density (by 0.06 g cm–3), lower total porosity (by 3%), and a 6.0% reduction in air-filled pore volume compared to ploughing. At the same time, the ratio of waterfilled to air-filled pores approached an optimal 1:1 balance under shallow tillage, whereas ploughed soils showed a dominance of air-filled pores. Systematic use of both ploughing and conservation-oriented shallow tillage over five years in a five-field grain-row crop rotation produced similar levels of productivity in terms of yield, energy efficiency, and output of grain and feed units. While productivity indicators under ploughing remained stable relative to the mean, shallow tillage demonstrated a positive trend. This trend is associated with the completion 1513 of the transition period following the cessation of deep ploughing and the shift toward preliminary deep chisel tillage, followed by systematic shallow tillage at a depth of 10–12 cm
Spatio-temporal analysis of water productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under different bioclimatic stages
No full textReceived: July 28th, 2025 ; Accepted: October 15th, 2025 ; Published: October 30th, 2025 ; Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected] scarcity is a major problem in Algeria. This shortage is set to worsen in the coming years as a result of both climate change and the growth in socio-economic activities, leading to an increasing demand for water. Market gardening, in particular potato cultivation - the second most important crop after cereals - is booming throughout the country, year-round. The aim of this study is to assess the water productivity of strategic potato crops in the regions of Algiers, Tiaret and El Oued, which have temperate, semi-arid and desert climates, respectively. The approach is based on calculating the water requirements of the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.), using the CropWat model (V 8.0) and the yields recorded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Sustainable Development, over a 23-year study period (2000–2022). The results obtained showed that the values of irrigation water requirements for potato cultivation in the three regions studied are 542.3 mm, 452.7 mm and 712.5 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the water productivity figures are around 6.1, 5.8 and 4.2 kg m-3. This analysis could be further used by irrigation system managers and potato growers, to help them use water resources efficiently
Effects of habitat restoration and honey bee competition on wild pollinators in semi-natural calcareous grasslands : [data]
No full textBiodiversity has been declining in the last decades, also including pollinating insects. As an important ecosystem service, pollinators contribute to intact ecosystems and crop yields. There have been growing concerns that competition for floral resources between managed and wild pollinators might contribute to the current decline of pollinators, however comprehensive field data to support these concerns are scarce, particularly from northern Europe.
Here, we focus on semi-natural calcareous grasslands to assess potential competition between managed and wild pollinators within the context of habitat restoration. Based on transect walks at 30 sites across Estonian islands and coastline, most of which were restored from overgrown areas to open grasslands, we measured the abundance and species richness of pollinator species from five groups (bumblebees, butterflies and burnet moths, hoverflies, solitary bees, honey bees). We assessed the potential impact of honey bee competition by relating the number of honey bee colonies within a 2 km radius to the abundance and species richness of wild pollinators while correcting for the restoration status of the grassland (restored vs reference sites), local flower cover, and the percentage of forest within a 2 km radius.
We found that honey bee abundance had no effect on the abundance or species richness of wild pollinators. Flower cover had some relevance, while the other variables revealed no effects. In conclusion, our results do not indicate detrimental effects of managed honey bees on flower-visiting wild pollinators at current colony densities in our study region.This project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101003476 (www.safeguard.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de), by project no. PRG2720 of the Estonian Research Council, and from the project "Cooperation between universities to promote doctoral studies" 2021-2027.4.04.24-0003
From the EMU scientists to society 2024
No full textTeaduse populariseerimine ja ühiskonnale olulistel teemadel kaasa rääkimine on muutunud teadlaseks olemise lahutamatuks osaks. Toetades teadustulemuste selget ja arusaadavat edastamist, aitame kujundada inimeste maailmapilti. Väga tähtis on sealjuures suurendada teadustöö sisu ja eesmärkide mõistmist ning tagada, et teaduspõhine info oleks kergesti kättesaadav ja kasutajasõbralik.
Sellesse kogumikku oleme kokku pannud maaülikooli teadlaste kirjutised, mis tulenevad maaülikooli missioonist ja aitavad edendada biomajandust ning toetavad nii inimeste kui ka looduse heaolu.
Viitekogumikku säilitame ning teeme kättesaadavaks võrguväljaandena Eesti Maaülikooli digitaalarhiivis EMU DSpace. Viited oleme valdavalt vormistanud APA viitamissüsteemis ja neile oleme võimalusel lisanud püsilingi.
Viitekogumiku ülesehituses tuginesime ETISe publikatsioonide klassifikatsiooni alajaotustele (haridus- ja teadusministri käskkiri nr 640 28. juulil 2006, täiendatud 2017).
1.3. Eelretsenseeritud teadusartiklid Eesti ja teiste riikide eelretsenseeritavates teadusajakirjades, millel on kohalik toimetuskolleegium, või eelretsenseeritud teadusartiklid Eesti kultuurile olulistes ajakirjades või teadusartiklid ajakirjades Akadeemia, Looming ja Vikerkaar
3.5. Artiklid/ettekanded, mis on avaldatud kohalikes konverentsikogumikes
6.3. Populaarteaduslikud artiklid
6.4. Populaarteaduslikud raamatud
6.6. Muudes ajakirjades ja ajalehtedes avaldatud artiklid
6.7. Muu loome
Käesoleva väljaande ETISe publikatsioonide klassifikatsioonidesse 6.3 ja 6.6. on lisatud ka Eesti Maaülikooli kõneisikute meediakajastused, mis tuginevad Balti Meediamonitooringu Grupi andmetele.
Kokku on kogumikus 277 viidet maaülikooli teadlaste kirjutistele.The popularization of science and engaging in discussions on topics important to society have become an integral part of being a scientist. By supporting the clear and understandable communication of scientific results, we help shape people's worldview. It is very important to enhance the understanding of the content and objectives of scientific work and to ensure that science-based information is easily accessible and user-friendly.
In this collection, we have compiled writings from researchers at the Estonian University of Life Sciences, which stem from the university's mission and help promote the bioeconomy, supporting both human and environmental well-being.
We will preserve the reference collection and make it available as an online publication in the digital archive of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, EMU DSpace. The references have been predominantly formatted according to the APA citation system, and we have included permanent links where possible.
In the structure of the reference collection, we relied on the subcategories of the ETIS publication classification (Order No. 640 of the Minister of Education and Research dated July 28, 2006, amended in 2017).
1.3. Scholarly articles in Estonian and other peer-reviewed research journals with a local editorial board; peer-reviewed scientific articles in journals important for Estonian culture or scholarly articles in Akadeemia, Looming, Vikerkaar
3.5. Articles/presentations published in local conference proceedings
6.3. Popular science articles
6.4. Popular science books
6.6. Articles in other journals and newspapers
6.7. Other creative activitie
In this edition, media coverage of researchers from the Estonian University of Life Sciences, based on data from the Baltic Media Monitoring Group, has also been added to the ETIS publication classifications 6.3 and 6.6.
In total, the compendium includes 277 references to publications by researchers of the Estonian University of Life Sciences