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Development of microbial chondroitin sulfate-based proton exchange membranes for microbial fuel cells
No full textTechnological developments have led to a significant increase in energy demand, and thus the interest in alternative energy has increased in the same direction. For this reason, fossil fuel reserves and climate-based renewable energy sources were used as alternatives in energy production, but the desired success was not fully achieved due to the decrease in fossil fuel and climate changes, and a new alternative energy source was sought. This situation has made Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), which can directly convert chemical energy, an important alternative to renewable energy, from organic waste into electrical energy with the help of microorganisms. Therefore, in this study, microbially obtainable chondroitin, which is a non-toxic, biocompatible organic molecule that will not disrupt the ecological balance, sulfate-based proton exchange membrane was prepared for the microbial fuel cell. For this, Chondroitin was synthesized by the microbial method, chondroitin sulfate was obtained by sulfation, and chondroitin sulfate membranes were prepared by cross-linking with sulfosuccinic acid at varying molar concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8). Firstly, the structural characterization, thermal properties, and morphological features of the prepared 20 mm thickness membranes were investigated, and then the effects of parameters such as pH change, voltage, quaternization, internal resistance, and coulomb efficiency on microbial fuel cell performance were studied. The best result was found to be that of chondroitin sulfate cross-linked with 0.8 M sulfosuccinic acid, which had an internal resistance of 0.310 omega, a power density of 30 mW/m2, and a coulomb efficiency of 70 %. Additionally, proton conductivity was measured to be 0.9919 mS/ cm, and thanks to the proton conduction efficiency of the designed Microbial chondroitin sulfate membranes, it has been determined that it has an effective proton exchange membrane potential. These developments show that microbial chondroitin sulfate-based membranes may be an alternative candidate for microbial fuel cells.Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [YL-1275]All authors would like to thank for their financial support to the Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Number: YL-1275)
The effects of disease severity and comorbidity on oxidative stress biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea
No full textPurposeIschemia-modified albumin (IMA), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) are biomarkers used to evaluate oxidative stress status in various diseases including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this study, we investigated the effects of disease severity and comorbidity on IMA, TOS and TAS levels in OSA.MethodsPatients with severe OSA (no-comorbidity, one comorbidity, and multiple comorbidities) and mild-moderate OSA (no-comorbidity, one and multiple comorbidities), and healthy controls were included in the study. Polysomnography was applied to all cases and blood samples were taken from each participant at the same time of day. ELISA was used to measure IMA levels in serum samples and colorimetric commercial kits were used to perform TOS and TAS analyses. In addition, routine biochemical analyses were performed on all serum samples.ResultsA total of 74 patients and 14 healthy controls were enrolled. There was no statistically significant difference between the disease groups according to gender, smoking status, age, body mass index (BMI), HDL, T3, T4, TSH, and B12 (p > 0.05). As the severity of OSA and comorbidities increased, IMA, TOS, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation index (T90), cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, AST, and CRP values increased significantly (p < 0.05). On the other hand, TAS, minimum desaturation, and mean desaturation values decreased significantly (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe concluded that IMA, TOS, and TAS levels may indicate OSA-related oxidative stress, but as the severity of OSA increases and with the presence of comorbidity, IMA and TOS levels may increase and TAS levels decrease. These findings suggest that disease severity and presence/absence of comorbidity should be considered in studies on OSA
Historical Development of Sports for People with Disabilities
No full textBu çalışmanın amacı Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de engellilerde sporun tarihi gelişimi konusunda literatür çalışması yaparak engellilerde sporun tarihsel gelişmeleri ile ilgili bilgi verebilmektir. Verilerin toplanması için literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Engellilerde sporun tarihi gelişimi ile ilgili makaleler, kitaplar ve daha önce yapılmış çalışmalar, organizasyonlar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca internet ortamında taramadan da faydalanılmıştır. Engellilik, Engelliler tarih, Dünyada engelliler, Türkiye’de engelliler, Spor ve Paralimpik oyunlar gibi anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak yapılan literatür taramasında, google akademik, web of science, dergipark, sobiad gibi ulusal ve uluslararası akademik veri tabanlarında yer alan bilimsel makaleler, tezler, bildiriler ve kitaplar incelenmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi; toplanan verilerin, içerik analizi ve tematik analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak, literatür taramasından elde edilen veriler, \Engellilik tanımı\
Analysis of 'Kızılcık Şerbeti' series in terms of religious and values education
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Din Eğitimi Bilim DalıAhlâklı, karakterli ve kişilik sahibi bireyler yetiştirmek değerler eğitiminin en başta gelen hedefleri arasındadır. Bu amaçla örgün ve yaygın eğitimle din ve değerler eğitimi faaliyetleri gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte sadece eğitim kurumlarıyla değil medya araçlarıyla da bu eğitim bir şekilde verilebilmektedir. Nitekim bireylerin dini bilgilerini öğrenme ve değerlerini oluşturma süreçlerinde formal eğitimin yanı sıra informal düzlemde de pek çok kanal bulunmaktadır. Bu noktada karşımıza televizyonlarda izlenen çeşitli programlar, diziler ve belgeseller çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede 2022 yılında özel bir televizyon kanalında yayınlanmaya başlayan, reytinglerinin yüksekliği ve senaryosunda yer alan dini ögelerin yoğunluğu ile dikkat çeken "Kızılcık Şerbeti" dizisi araştırmacı tarafından çalışılmıştır. Söz konusu dizinin, din ve değerler eğitimi çerçevesinde olumlu ve olumsuz hangi kavramları içerdiği, bu kavramların hangi oranda, ne sıklıkta bulunduğu ve nasıl yansıtıldığı tespit edilmiş, oluşturduğu etkiye dikkat çekilmiştir. Dizilerin din ve değerler eğitimi açısından birey ve toplumda oluşturabileceği etkileri ortaya koymak, sonuçlarını yorumlamak ve izleyicilerde farkındalık oluşturmak çalışmamızın temel amacı olmuştur. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olup veri toplama tekniklerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemine başvurulmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin analizi için de içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan içerik analizinden elde edilen bulgulara göre Kızılcık Şerbeti dizisinde sunulan bazı mesajlar değerlerle çatışan, olumsuz ifadeler içermektedir. Bu durum sanatsal açıdan görece toplumun yansıması olarak değerlendirilebileceği gibi din ve değerler eğitimi açısından verdiği yanıltıcı bilgiler ve bireyler üzerinde bıraktığı olumsuz etkilerle çok ciddi bir sorun olarak da görülebilir.The primary goal of values education is to nurture individuals who are ethical, principled, and possess strong character. To achieve this objective, formal and informal educational institutions, as well as media platforms, engage in activities focused on religious and values education. It is widely recognized that individuals acquire religious knowledge and form their values not only through formal education but also through various informal channels. In this context, television programs, series, and documentaries play a significant role, as exemplified by the television series "Kızılcık Şerbeti" which began airing on a private channel in 2022. This series has drawn attention due to its high viewership ratings and the prominence of religious elements in its storyline. Researchers have studied this series within the framework of religious and values education, examining the positive and negative concepts it incorporates, their frequency and representation, and their impact. The study aims to elucidate the potential effects of television series on religious and values education in individuals and society, interpret its findings, and raise awareness among viewers. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing document analysis as a data collection technique and content analysis for data interpretation. Findings from the content analysis indicate that "Kızılcık Şerbeti" contains messages that include negative expressions related to values. This aspect could be viewed as a reflection of societal dynamics from an artistic perspective. However, it also raises concerns regarding the misleading information it presents in terms of religious and values education, potentially resulting in adverse effects on individuals
Application of the spining top toy on ceramic surfaces
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Seramik Ana Bilim Dalı, Seramik Eğitimi Bilim DalıOyun, çocukların gelişiminde çevreyi tanıma ve problem çözme gibi etkinliklerde önemli bir alana sahiptir. Çocuk, kendi kendine veya arkadaşları ile her alanda oyun oynamanın ve sosyalleşmenin bir yolunu bulmaktadır. Oynadığı oyunlarla sorumluluk alır, toplumsal kuralları öğrenir. Düşünce, sosyal alan ve ilişkiler bakımından oyun ile birlikte destek . İnsanoğlu, çevresinde gördüğü şeyleri taklit ederek, yaptığı eylemleri hareketlerle birbirine anlatarak farkında olmadan oyunu yaratmış günümüze aktarmıştır. Tarihte bilinen ilk oyuncaklar, mısırlılar'a aittir. Çocukların, milattan önce beşinci yüzyılda tahta atlarla, milattan önce ikinci yüzyılda ise misket ve topaçla oynadıklarını gösteren arkeolojik bulgular bulunmaktadır. Günümüze kadar gelen oyuncak türleri arasından topaç oyuncağı, köşeleri yuvarlak gövdesi aşağı doğru indikçe sivrilmekte olup ucunda dönmesini sağlayan metal parça bulunan oyuncağa denilmektedir. Roma ve eski Çağda bu döneme kadar seramik oyuncaklar hep var olmuştur. Zaman içerisinde görülen topaçlar örnek olarak kabul edebiliriz. Bu araştırmanın birinci bölümünde; Oyuncaklar ve oyun ile ilgili konulara değinilmiştir. İnsanoğlunun yaşam gereksinimlerinden birisi olan oyun ve oyuncaklar; tarihsel olarak genel bir çerçevede ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde; Topaç ve tarihi hakkında bilgiler verilerek eski dönem topaç örneklere yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın son bölümünde ise birinci ve ikinci bölümde yer alan araştırmaların esin kaynağı olan topaç Oyuncağı'nın sanatsal açıdan yeniden değerlendirilerek özgün seramik form ve yüzeylerde yorumlanmasıyla tamamlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Oyun, Oyuncak, Topaç, Topaç'ın Tarihçesi.Play has an important role in activities such as getting to know the environment in which children live and solving problems. The child finds a way to play and socialize in every field, either by himself or with his friends. He takes responsibility and learns social knowledge through the games he plays. Gains control through thought in terms of emotions and relationships. Human beings have unknowingly created a game and conveyed rot by imitating the things they see around them and combining what they do with actions. The first toys known in history belong to the Egyptians. There are archaeological findings showing that they played with wooden horses in the fifth century BC, and with marbles and tops in the second century BC. Among the toy types that have survived to the present day, the spinning top toy is a toy with rounded corners, a body that tapers as it moves downwards, and a metal piece extending at the end. Toys made of ceramics were made for children from ancient times until the decade. Ceramic toys and spinning tops, examples of which have been found throughout the historical process, are good examples of such toys. In the first part of this research; Topics related to toys and games are mentioned. Games and toys, which are one of the life needs of human beings; has been discussed within a general historical framework. In the second part; Information about the spinning top and its history is given and examples of old tops are included. In the last part of the research, the spinning top toy, which was the source of inspiration for the research in the first and second parts; It was re-evaluated artistically and completed with its interpretation in original ceramic forms and surfaces. Keywords: Game, Toy, Topaç, History of Topaç
Records related to Anatolia in Mamluk sources (13th-15th centuries)
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim DalıEyyûbî Devleti'nin çökmesinin ardından Mısır merkezli kurulan ve 1250-1517 yılları arasında egemen olan Memlûklu Devleti döneminde tarih, tefsir, hadis ve fıkıh gibi çeşitli alanlarda eserler kaleme alınmıştır. Memlûklu döneminde yazılan Arapça tarih eserleri, Kahire'nin yanı sıra, Memlûklu hâkimiyetinde bulunan diğer şehirlerdeki siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal olaylar hakkında da detaylı bilgiler sunmaktadır. Söz konusu dönemde tercümesini yaptığımız eserlerde, dönem içerisinde meydana gelen savaşlar, salgın hastalıklar ve doğal afetler gibi durumlara odaklanarak, bu olaylar tarihî bağlam içinde değerlendirilmekte ve bu zorlukların dönemin toplumsal ve politik yapısına göre etkileri incelenmektedir. Bu eserlerde, özellikle dönemin Bilâd-ı Rûm olarak adlandırılan Anadolu'ya odaklandığı bölümler, titiz bir incelemeyle ele alınmıştır. Anadolu'da kurulan devletler ve beyliklere dair sunulan bilgilerin Türk olmayan tarihçiler tarafından değerlendirilmesi, tarihsel bir objektifliğe imkân sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Memlûklu Devleti döneminde yazılan eserlerde geçen Bilâd-ı Rûm tarihine dair 13. – 15. yüzyıl olayların incelenerek, Anadolu'da ortaya çıkan devletler ve beyliklere dair bilgiler Arapçadan Türkçeye çevrilmiştir.After the collapse of the Ayyubid state, the Mamluk Empire, which was centered in Egypt and ruled from 1250 to 1517, saw the creation of works in various fields such as history, tafsir (interpretation of the Holy Quran), hadith, and Islamic jurisprudence. Arabic historical writings during the Mamluk era provide detailed information about political, economic, and social events not only in Cairo but also in other cities under Mamluk rule. The works we have translated focus on events such as wars, epidemics and natural disasters that occurred during this period, evaluating them within a historical context and examining their impact on the social and political structure of the era. Particularly, sections focusing on Anatolia, referred to as Bilâd-ı Rûm (The land of Romans) during that time, are meticulously examined in these works. The evaluation of information about the states and beyliks established in Anatolia by non-Turkish historians enables a historical objectivity. In this study, information about the states and beyliks that emerged in Anatolia has been translated from Arabic into Turkish by examining events in the history of Bilad-ı Rûm mentioned in works written during the Mamluk Sultanate period from the 13th to the 15th centuries
Investigation of Emotional Eating, Sleep Quality and Obesity According to Chronotype Characteristics in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Research
No full textObjective: It is believed that biological, psychological, and social changes in adolescents can significantly influence health habits, including nutrition and sleep. This study aimed to examine the relationships between chronotype characteristics, emotional eating be- haviours, sleep quality, and obesity among adolescents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a private phys- iotherapy clinic in Türkiye. After obtaining consent from the partici- pants and their parents, a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and anthropometric measurements were administered. Results: The data obtained from one hundred adolescents were evaluated and it was found that 85% of the adolescents had poor sleep quality. It was found that adolescents with evening chronotype exhibited more emotional eating behaviours compared to morning and middle chronotypes (p=0.041). Depression-related eating behaviour and restlessness-related eating be- haviour were significantly higher in adolescents with evening chrono- type (p=0.046, p=0.002, respectively). A weak negative correlation was found between participants' chronotype score and restless eating be- haviour (r=-0.238, p=0.017). Chronotype score and PSQI were signif- icantly higher in females (p=0.026). Emotional eating behaviours and poor sleep quality were not associated with obesity risk (p>0.05).Con- clusion: This study highlights the importance of considering chrono- type characteristics in health interventions. Developing individualized preventive strategies and interventions, particularly for adolescents with an evening-type chronotype, may improve health outcomes
A novel approach for Parkinson's disease detection using Vold-Kalman order filtering and machine learning algorithms
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disorder caused by damage to dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, it is important to develop systems for early and automatic diagnosis of PD. For this purpose, a study that will contribute to the development of systems for the automatic diagnosis of PD is presented. The Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were decomposed into sub-bands using adaptive decomposition methods, such as empirical mode decomposition, variational mode decomposition, and Vold-Kalman order filtering (VKF). Various features were extracted from the sub-band decomposed signals, and the significant ones were determined by Chi-squared test. These important features were applied as input to support vector machine (SVM), fitch neural network (FNN), k-nearest neighbours (KNN), and decision trees (DT), machine learning (ML) models and classification was performed. We analysed the performance of ML models by obtaining accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive values, F1-score, false-positive rate, kappa statistics, and area under the curve. The classification process was performed for two cases: PD ON-HC and PD OFF-HC groups. The most successful method in this study was the VKF method, which was applied for the first time in this field with the approach specified for both cases. In both instances, the SVM algorithm was employed as the ML model, with classifier performance criterion values close to 100%. The results obtained in this study seem to be successful compared to the results of recent research on the diagnosis of PD.Erciyes UniversityNo Statement Availabl
Fitness Levels of Elementary School Students Based on Gender and Race in Indonesia: Are There Differences?
No full textThis research aimed to determine differences in physical fitness levels based on Race and Gender in Indonesia. It used a comparative quantitative approach. The samples in this research were elementary school students in three provinces: Sumsel, DIY, and NTT. They were selected using cluster random sampling and yielded 254 people. Then, the samples were clustered to equalize numbers based on students' gender and regional race (South Sumatra, DIY, & NTT). After this process, the remaining 132 people were taken. Students' physical fitness data were collected using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI). The data were then analyzed using the parametric Two-Way ANOVA statistics. The results of the Two-Way ANOVA test showed that the race factor variable had a value of Sig. 0.00 0.05. Since the Sig value was greater, there is no influence or interaction between the race and gender factors in the three provinces in determining the results of the students' TKJI scores. Differences in physical fitness in terms of race can be caused by differences in physical activity, socioeconomic status, and social factors, such as racial discrimination and interpersonal racial discrimination. These differences can manifest as emotional stress due to increased psychological stress and increased risk of unhealthy behavior, including activities. In addition, the difference in physical fitness was also found between genders. The results show that men have a better level of physical fitness than women. One of the reasons is possibly due to increased fat mass associated with growth and puberty in girls. In addition, boys are often more active than girls
Can the ADO Index Be Used as a Predictor of Mortality from COVID-19 in Patients with COPD?
No full textBackground: Several studies have shown that the risk of mortality due to COVID-19 is high in patients with COPD. However, evidence on factors predicting mortality is limited. Research Question: Are there any useful markers to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients with COPD?. Study Design and Methods: A total of 689 patients were included in this study from the COPET study, a national multicenter observational study investigating COPD phenotypes consisting of patients who were followed up with a spirometry-confirmed COPD diagnosis. Patients were also retrospectively examined in terms of COVID-19 and their outcomes. Results: Among the study patients, 105 were diagnosed with PCR-positive COVID-19, and 19 of them died. Body mass index (p= 0.01) and ADO (age, dyspnoea, airflow obstruction) index (p= 0.01) were higher, whereas predicted FEV1 (p< 0.001) and eosinophil count (p= 0.003) were lower in patients who died of COVID-19. Each 0.755 unit increase in the ADO index increased the risk of death by 2.12 times, and each 0.007 unit increase in the eosinophil count decreased the risk of death by 1.007 times. The optimum cut-off ADO score of 3.5 was diagnostic with 94% sensitivity and 40% specificity in predicting mortality. Interpretation: Our study suggested that the ADO index recorded in the stable period in patients with COPD makes a modest contribution to the prediction of mortality due to COVID-19. Further studies are needed to validate the use of the ADO index in estimating mortality in both COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections in patients with COPD