Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba
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Paternity leave in Spain
No full textBetween 2017 and 2021, Spain progressively extended paternity leave from 2 to 16 weeks, equalizing it with maternity leave and introducing mandatory weeks. A 2018 reform also allowed fathers to split their leave. Using administrative data on all leave permits since 2016, we analyze trends in paternity leave take-up. Following the introduction of mandatory leave, the share of fathers taking leave increased by around 20 percentage points, and most now use nearly the full entitlement. The share opting to split leave has steadily grown, surpassing 50% by 2023. However, this behavior shows marked heterogeneity: While overall uptake is uniform across groups, leave-splitting is far more common among higher-income fathers and more prevalent in certain sectors. Spain’s experience illustrates how policy design can significantly increase paternity leave usage, though workplace flexibility and income-related constraints shape how fathers use that time
Examining the Integration of SDGs in a First-Year Methodology Course: A Case Study in Social Education by Admission Pathway
No full textPurpose: This study analyses how Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are incorporated intoa first-year Social Education methodology course at a Spanish public university. It assesses theimpact on students' understanding of sustainability and its relevance to socio-educationalresearch and future careers, considering different admission pathways. Design/methodology/approach: A case study on integrating the SDGs into a methodologycourse, which involved 110 students. Students' knowledge and perceptions were measuredbefore and after the teaching experience using an online questionnaire. Differences based onadmission pathways (CFGS and PAU) were explored. Findings: Initially, students had a low understanding of sustainability and SDGs, with thoseentering through PAU having an even lower understanding. However, both groups showedsignificant improvement after the teaching experience. Interestingly, the pattern ofdifferentiation was inverse, with PAU students showing a higher level of SDG knowledgecompared to CFGS students by the end of the course. While students recognised the importanceof SDGs in their careers, their personal involvement with them in daily life appeared moderate. Research limitations/implications: The assessment tool, based on validated surveys, aims forbetter accuracy in measuring university students' knowledge and perceptions of sustainability.Future research may broaden its scope to assess effectiveness in different courses and amongdiverse student groups. Practical implications: The variations in student knowledge and perception about sustainabilityand the SDGs, before and after the teaching experience, and across different admissionpathways, highlight the important role of higher education institutions in achieving equity andshaping future change agents’ perspectives. Originality/value: These findings reveal how innovative educational experiences promotesustainability and social responsibility among university students, emphasising the crucial roleof ongoing assessment in ensuring effective sustainability and equity education
Outdoor learning in pre-school and primary education in Catalonia
No full textDes del segle passat hi ha hagut iniciatives educatives d’apropar l’infant a la natura, i Catalunya n’és un exemple. Aquesta recerca analitza i descriu l’aprenentatge a l’aire lliure a quatres escoles catalanes a partir d’una investigació qualitativa interpretativa. Les dades es recullen mitjançant dos instruments: l’observació directa no participant a cent setanta-quatre infants d’infantil i primària, i l’entrevista a quatre mestres de les escoles i a infants de primària. Tot, a partir de la concreció de quatre dimensions apriorístiques: l’entorn natural, el rol de l’educadora, l’ús educatiu de l’entorn natural i la veu dels infants. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que la mostra seleccionada aposta per la metodologia escola bosc, freqüenta entorns naturals silvestres i l’ús educatiu de l’entorn és el joc lliure com a atenció a la diversitat, acollida de necessitats i interessos, i motor d’aprenentatge. El rol de la mestra a la natura és el d’observar activament, guiar els infants i intervenir sense interferir. Els infants entrevistats són conscients del respecte a la natura i del que hi aprenen. Cal seguir investigant, atès que és un tema emergent a Catalunya que suscita un gran interès educatiu
La comèdia hagiogràfica del Siglo de Oro reescrita en català: nous problemes textuals al teatre d’Albert Borguny
No full textLes comèdies hagiogràfiques de filiació barroca escrites a Mallorca durant el segle XVIII han rebut poca atenció crítica i sovint amb edicions que necessiten ser actualitzades a la llum dels nous avenços en la matèria. En aquest estudi s’analitza la Comèdia gloriosa del famós sant Caietano, escrita per Albert Borguny a partir de l’edició de Ramon Díaz i Villalonga (1997), tenint en consideració el seu aparat de variants, les divergències entre manuscrits i, sobretot, el vincle amb la comèdia castellana anterior: Vida y muerte de san Cayetano. Havent localitzat prèviament tots els exemplars de tots els testimonis de la font castellana, hem analitzat llurs loci critici a la llum del text en català i hem acarat les versions per solucionar lliçons fosques transmeses pels manuscrits que contenen l’obra dramàtica de Borguny. Aquestes operacions revelen trets plenament originals de l’escriptor mallorquí, a més d’un conjunt de noves dades que omplen diverses llacunes crítiques i que, en definitiva, permeten revisar i restaurar una peça singular del patrimoni teatral antic en llengua catalana
Future teachers’ reflections on mathematical errors made in their teaching practice
No full textThis study answers the following research questions: 1) What types of mathematical errors do future teachers identify when they reflect on their practice? and 2) Which levels of development of the didactic suitability assessment competence for the “errors” component can be inferred when they reflect on their practice? To answer these questions, we explain the Didactic Suitability Criteria construct and describe the associated training cycle structure in the theoretical and methodological framework sections. We followed a qualitative research methodology that mainly consists of thematic analysis. The study conducted allows finding inductive categories of types of mathematical errors, such as error in the task instructions, error of proposition, procedural error, error in the representation, error in the definition and error in the argument. It also enables establishing levels of development of the didactic suitability assessment competence of future teachers for the “errors” component. The main conclusion of this research is the importance of the context to decide what a mathematical error is. The need to further examine the notion of mathematical error in the training of future mathematics teachers is also stressed. Another conclusion is the development of a rubric that allows for more accurate and deeper reflections of future teachers on the errors made
Prey dynamics and breeding performance in a generalist predator: the differential role of prey densitiy, biomass, and effective consumption rates
No full textThe breeding performance of predators is influenced by the differential consequences of prey density, prey biomass and effective consumption rates. Using camera traps at nests, we investigated whether changes in prey abundances caused functional and/or numerical responses of the common buzzard (Buteo) in a Mediterranean woodland region. After determining 1150 prey delivered to the nests by adults, we found that the biomass of prey caught was not a good indicator of its influence on individual life history traits such as productivity. Indeed, the consumption of small mammal prey, despite representing only 11% of the biomass delivered, had a much greater influence on buzzards' productivity than the consumption of snakes, which made up 47% of the biomass delivered. Live trapping evidenced that small mammals were roughly preyed according to its availability in the field, and their abundance in spring was directly related to buzzards' productivity and inversely related to hatching dates. Small mammals – mostly mice – can be considered as very suitable prey, owing quick handling times, profitability, and high energy intake. Our results pointed out the relevance of mice on buzzards' breeding performance, and altogether with the outstanding role of open-land small mammals on buzzards' demography during autumn-winter, suggested a key role of small mammals on buzzards’ ecology throughout the year cycle in the Mediterranean area studied. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the foraging strategies of generalist species and the role that habitat and environmental factors play in shaping them
Traits of a Nursing Curriculum in Interculturality: A Phenomenographic Analysis
No full textObjetivo principal: Analizar los rasgos definitorios de un currículo de Enferme-ría basado en la competencia intercultural (CI), desde la perspectiva de estudiantes, docentes y autoridades en una universidad chilena. Método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenográfico. Muestreo intencionado, con 17 participantes. Recolección de datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizadas con el método fenomeno-gráfico de Dahlgren y Fallsberg, apoyado en Atlas.ti 9. Resultados principales: Se evidencia que la CI se integra de manera estructural y transversal en el currículo, alineada con la misión institucional y el perfil de egreso. Se identifican contenidos interculturales en diversas asignaturas y experiencias clínicas, junto con metodolo-gías teórico-experienciales como simulaciones, estudios de caso, portafolios reflexi-vos, trabajo con informantes culturales, programas COIL y prácticas en contextos diversos. Conclusión principal: la integración transversal de la CI fortalece una formación ética y culturalmente segura, constituyendo un referente transferible a otras instituciones
Readiness to change: Exploring clinical, cognitive and neural predictors of treatment efficacy following virtual reality-based cognitive remediation in mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
No full textBackground: Virtual reality-based cognitive remediation therapy (VR-CRT) offers an ecologically valid approach to enhance real-world cognitive functioning in mood disorders (MD) or schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). This study investigated baseline cognitive, clinical, and neural predictors of VR-CRT response in MD and SSD.
Methods: Sixty-two MD and SSD participants were randomized to receive four-week VR-CRT or control with assessments at baseline, treatment completion (week 5), and follow-up (week 17). Univariate general linear models examined predictors of VR-CRT improvement on daily-life cognitive skills, assessed using the Cognition Assessment in Virtual Reality (CAVIR). Predictors included age, diagnosis, baseline cognition, IQ-cognition discrepancy, dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) activation during a working memory task, functional connectivity within the dorsal attention (DAN) and salience (SAL) networks, subjective cognition, and technological acceptance.
Results: Higher IQ-cognition discrepancy at baseline (i.e., better cognitive performance than expected from premorbid IQ) predicted greater treatment efficacy at treatment completion (β = 0.17, p = 0.045) and follow-up (β = 0.21, p = 0.008), while baseline cognition was not associated with treatment response (ps ≥ 0.15). Higher baseline dPFC activity predicted more improvements at both times (β = 2.27 p = 0.03; β = 1.82; p = 0.048, respectively). Higher DAN-SAL connectivity predicted improvements at treatment completion (β = 2.81 p = 0.047), but not at follow-up (p = 0.38). Age, sex, diagnosis, subjective cognition, and technological acceptance were not associated with cognitive change.
Conclusions: Better cognitive performance than expected based on IQ, possibly reflecting higher cognitive fitness, and greater task-related engagement of dPFC may enhance VR-CRT responsiveness. This profile may indicate greater readiness for change and propensity to translate cognitive strategies into daily life
El habla de Puebla de Arenoso
No full textLa Puebla de Arenoso, lugar natal del autor, ofrece un modo de hablar, de vivir y de ser que pertenecen básicamente al pasado, pero que esta monografía aspira a preservar en forma escrita. Sigue en ello los cánones de la dialectología tradicional, mediante la descripción de rasgos de fonética, morfosintaxis, léxico, además de facetas de la cultura material y de la vida de bastante tiempo atrás. Retrata, pues, esta variedad castellano-aragonesa del interior valenciano y su modus vivendi de antaño. En suma, «El habla de Puebla de Arenoso» guarda tesoros de la memoria histórica de la lengua. La memoria del corazón
Hydrophilic Janus Micelles from an ABC Triblock Copolymer
No full textWe describe the creation of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer that drives lateral phase separation within micelle coronas. The design combines a hydrophobic poly(lactide) (PLA) core ‑forming block with two distinct hydrophilic segments: poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly( N ‑vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). In water, the copolymer assembles into spherical micelles, confirmed by cryogenic TEM and multi ‑angle light scattering. Selective end ‑labelling of PVP with an electron ‑dense iridium complex enabled unstained TEM imaging, revealing clear contrast asymmetry that locates PVP to a single hemisphere of the corona. Complementary 2D1 H-Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (1 H ‑NOESY) NMR confirmed this Janus ‑type segregation of PEG and PVP. These results demonstrate how molecular architecture can encode asymmetry into soft nanostructures, offering a versatile route to polymer ‑based Janus nanoparticles with dual surface functionality and broad technological potential