Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba
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The environmental discourse in the French opposition to the Mercosur-European Union agreement (2019-2024): between sustainability and protectionism
No full textThis study aims to analyze the mobilization of environmental arguments by France in the
context of the negotiations of the Mercosur–European Union Agreement between 2019 and
2024, a period marked by the intensification of debates on sustainability, international trade,
and regulatory conditionalities. It is based on the recognition that European environmental
standards have come to occupy a central position in the contemporary trade agenda,
frequently presented as legitimate instruments for climate protection, combating deforestation,
and promoting sustainable development. However, it is argued that these requirements are not
limited to a technical or environmental dimension, but are also linked to competitive concerns
and the protection of the European agricultural sector, particularly in the French case, which
has historically been sensitive to trade liberalization in agricultural products. In this regard,
the research seeks to answer the following question: how did France use environmental
arguments to justify opposition to or impose conditions on the ratification of the agreement,
and how does this discourse relate to the defense of the agricultural sector and competition
with the South American bloc? The methodology adopted is qualitative, based on discourse
analysis of official documents, governmental statements, and European and sectoral
institutional positions, aiming to identify the main argumentative framings mobilized and
their political functions in the negotiation process. It is concluded that, by exploring the
interaction between environmental sustainability and economic interests, the study contributes
to understanding the political dynamics that shape contemporary trade agreements and the
role of environmental discourse as an instrument of legitimation and a potential non-tariff
barrier in international relations.Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a mobilização do argumento ambiental pela França
no contexto das negociações do Acordo Mercosul–União Europeia entre 2019 e 2024, período
marcado pela intensificação dos debates sobre sustentabilidade, comércio internacional e
condicionalidades regulatórias. Parte-se do reconhecimento de que as normas ambientais
europeias passaram a ocupar posição central na agenda comercial contemporânea, sendo
frequentemente apresentadas como instrumentos legítimos de proteção climática, combate ao
desmatamento e promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável. Contudo, argumenta-se que tais
exigências não se restringem a uma dimensão técnica ou ambiental, articulando-se também a
preocupações concorrenciais e à proteção do setor agrícola europeu, especialmente no caso
francês, historicamente sensível à abertura comercial em produtos agropecuários. Nesse
sentido, a pesquisa busca responder à seguinte pergunta: o discurso político francês pode ser
interpretado como expressão de uma política de caráter protecionista? Para responder a esta
pergunta serão utilizados discursos, declarações oficiais e documentos do governo Francês e
da União Europeia, bem como notícias, artigos acadêmicos e dados estatísticos referentes à
União Europeia. O método a ser utilizado será o hipotético-dedutivo. Conclui-se que ao
explorar a interação entre sustentabilidade ambiental e interesses econômicos, o trabalho
contribui para a compreensão das dinâmicas políticas que moldam acordos comerciais
contemporâneos e do papel do discurso ambiental como instrumento de legitimação, e
potencial barreira não tarifária nas relações internacionais
A review of evaluation approaches for explainable AI with applications in cardiology
No full textExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) elucidates the decision-making process of complex AI models and is important in building trust in model predictions. XAI explanations themselves require evaluation as to accuracy and reasonableness and in the context of use of the underlying AI model. This review details the evaluation of XAI in cardiac AI applications and has found that, of the studies examined, 37% evaluated XAI quality using literature results, 11% used clinicians as domain-experts, 11% used proxies or statistical analysis, with the remaining 43% not assessing the XAI used at all. We aim to inspire additional studies within healthcare, urging researchers not only to apply XAI methods but to systematically assess the resulting explanations, as a step towards developing trustworthy and safe models
La Biblioteca del Pavelló de la República, un referent per a l’estudi del moviment obrer
No full textEl fons de la Biblioteca del Pavelló de la República de la
Universitat de Barcelona és un referent obligatori per a l’estudi
del moviment obrer dels segles XIX i XX a Catalunya, a l’Estat
espanyol i a diversos països tant d’Europa com d’Amèrica del Sud.
L’integra una extensa col·lecció de monografies, de publicacions
periòdiques i de documentació d’arxiu, així com també un nombre força
important de material gràfic (cartells, adhesius, làmines...) i audiovisual
(enregistraments sonors)
La terminología obsoleta: El caso de esterilidad, infertilidad e inseminación en la reproducción asistida
No full textEn este artículo presentamos la metodología y parte de los resultados de un análisis (realizado en el marco del proyecto TERMMED) de la terminología sobre reproducción asistida que va desapareciendo con el paso de los años o bien que sufre cambios en su denominación o en su significado. En este análisis nos planteamos establecer las causas que pudieran explicar la presencia de esta denominada terminología obsoleta en un corpus diacrónico segmentado por períodos. Primero establecimos que los términos obsoletos son aquellos términos que aparecen en el corpus en un período inicial y que no vuelven a aparecer en ninguno de los períodos posteriores. Analizamos en concreto los términos de cuatro subámbitos de la reproducción asistida: a) Esterilidad, fertilidad e inseminación; b) Embarazo y aborto; c) Terapias, tratamientos y medicamentos; y d) Visibilización de las personas afectadas. En esta publicación presentaremos el caso de esterilidad, fertilidad e inseminación. Los resultados del análisis avalan las hipótesis de trabajo planteadas preliminarmente, las cuales se corresponden con los tres escenarios de cambio siguientes: 1) Mantenimiento de un concepto y cambio en la denominación; 2) Mantenimiento del concepto y cambio en el uso de las denominaciones en el mismo paradigma léxico; y 3) Desaparición de un concepto y de todas las denominaciones asociadas con este
On endomorphism universality of sparse graph classes.
No full textWe show that every commutative idempotent monoid (a.k.a. lattice) is the endomorphism monoid of a subcubic graph. This solves a problem of Babai and Pultr and the degree bound is best-possible. On the other hand, we show that no class excluding a minor can have all commutative idempotent monoids among its endomorphism monoids. As a by-product, we prove that monoids can be represented by graphs of bounded expansion (reproving a result of Nešetřil and Ossona de Mendez) and -cancellative monoids can be represented by graphs of bounded degree. Finally, we show that not all completely regular monoids can be represented by graphs excluding topological minor (strengthening a result of Babai and Pultr)
Afusellar i commemorar a la Muntanya Catalana. L’ombra allargada del Toix (1874)
No full textAquest article analitza la construcció i l’evolució de les memòries públiques associades als afusellaments derivats dels fets del Toix (1874), en el marc de la darrera guerra carlina a la muntanya catalana. L'estudi se centra en les pràctiques memorials —commemoracions, monuments, rituals cívics i relats públics— que, entre la Restauració borbònica i la Segona República, van convertir aquells episodis de violència en un passat políticament funcional. A partir dels casos de Besalú, Llaés i Sant Joan de les Abadesses, s’examinen les diferències entre una memòria fortament polititzada, impulsada per sectors liberals i republicans, i unes memòries de caràcter predominantment funerari, vinculades a l’exèrcit i amb una projecció pública limitada. L’article també aborda el paper de les víctimes indirectes, especialment les vídues, així com els processos d’oblit, conflicte simbòlic i recuperació patrimonial que han marcat la persistència desigual d’aquestes memòries fins al present
Para acabar con la comedia de los superiores inferiores. La emancipación espiritural según Jacques Rancière
No full textEn 1987, Jacques Rancière publicó un libro sobre la experiencia y la teoría pedagógica de Joseph Jacotot titulado El maestro ignorante . Jacotot fue un profesor que, durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, suprimió toda explicación en sus lecciones. En lugar de explicar gramática francesa a sus alumnos holandeses, les confrontó directamente con un libro francés, animándoles a buscar las herramientas necesarias para su comprensión. Este método tenía resonancias políticas porque, según Jacotot, el privilegio de la explicación en la educación es una manera de justificar las desigualdad entre individuos; así, el "maestro explicador" no sólo ignora la tarea de la emancipación, sino que es un obstáculo para llevarla adelante. Diecisiete años después, Rancière afirmó en otro texto, El espectador emancipado, que la concepción del espectador en las sociedades occidentales también está ligada a esa justificación de la jerarquía social. La intención de este artículo es exponer brevemente los vínculos entre estas tres emancipaciones (pedagógica, política y espectacular) en la obra de Rancière
Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders—ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity
No full textMultivariate techniques better fit the anatomy of complex neuropsychiatric disorders which are characterized not by alterations in a single region, but rather by variations across distributed brain networks. Here, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify patterns of covariance across brain regions and relate them to clinical and demographic variables in a large generalizable dataset of individuals with bipolar disorders and controls. We then compared performance of PCA and clustering on identical sample to identify which methodology was better in capturing links between brain and clinical measures. Using data from the ENIGMA-BD working group, we investigated T1-weighted structural MRI data from 2436 participants with BD and healthy controls, and applied PCA to cortical thickness and surface area measures. We then studied the association of principal components with clinical and demographic variables using mixed regression models. We compared the PCA model with our prior clustering analyses of the same data and also tested it in a replication sample of 327 participants with BD or schizophrenia and healthy controls. The first principal component, which indexed a greater cortical thickness across all 68 cortical regions, was negatively associated with BD, BMI, antipsychotic medications, and age and was positively associated with Li treatment. PCA demonstrated superior goodness of fit to clustering when predicting diagnosis and BMI. Moreover, applying the PCA model to the replication sample yielded significant differences in cortical thickness between healthy controls and individuals with BD or schizophrenia. Cortical thickness in the same widespread regional network as determined by PCA was negatively associated with different clinical and demographic variables, including diagnosis, age, BMI, and treatment with antipsychotic medications or lithium. PCA outperformed clustering and provided an easy-to-use and interpret method to study multivariate associations between brain structure and system-level variables. PRACTITIONER POINTS: In this study of 2770 Individuals, we confirmed that cortical thickness in widespread regional networks as determined by principal component analysis (PCA) was negatively associated with relevant clinical and demographic variables, including diagnosis, age, BMI, and treatment with antipsychotic medications or lithium. Significant associations of many different system-level variables with the same brain network suggest a lack of one-to-one mapping of individual clinical and demographic factors to specific patterns of brain changes. PCA outperformed clustering analysis in the same data set when predicting group or BMI, providing a superior method for studying multivariate associations between brain structure and system-level variable
Encuesta sobre derechos y nuevas realidades
No full textEncuesta en el número monográfico dedicado a derechos y nuevas realidade