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İleri evre yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu olan bireylerin beslenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi
No full textBu çalışma ileri evre yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu tanısı olan bireylerin beslenme
durumlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma Aralık 2017-Şubat 2018
tarihleri arasında Ankara Ulucanlar Göz Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran,
50 yaş ve üzeri, Yaşa Bağlı Makula Dejenerasyonu (YBMD) tanısı olan 97 ve YBMD
tanısı olmayan (kontrol) 69 toplam 166 birey ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların
demografik özellikleri, sağlık durumları, fiziksel aktivite alışkanlıkları, antropometrik
ölçümleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, biyokimyasal parametreleri anket formuyla
araştırmacı tarafından yüzyüze görüşme tekniğiyle sorgulanmıştır. Bireylerin
beslenme durumları bir günlük 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı ve besin tüketim sıklığı
yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. Biyokimyasal bulgular, hasta dosyasında temin
edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması YBMD grupta 71.56±8.33,
kontrol grupta 64.10±9.31’dir. YBMD ve kontrol grup arasında kronik hastalık tanısı
olma, düzenli fiziksel aktivite yapma, biyokimyasal bulgular açısından istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). İleri evre YBMD tanısı olanlar ile
kontrol grubu arasında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu ve bel/boy oranı ortalamaları
bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunurken (p<0.05), Beden kütle
indeksi (BKİ) ortancası bakımından istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır
(p>0.05). Besin takviyesi kullanan bireylerdeki santral makula kalınlığı ortalamalarına
bakıldığında ilk değer 266.27±97.132μm iken, son değer 260.39±104.180μm’dir ve
aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Kırmızı
et-tavuk tüketim porsiyonları ortancası YBMD grupta 0.45 (0.00-4.82), kontrol grupta
0.77 (0.08-5.21) dir ve iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu
saptanmıştır (p<0.05). YBMD grup ile kontrol grup arasında enerji, karbonhidrat,
enerjinin karbonhidrattan ve yağdan gelen yüzdeleri, posa, omega-6, omega-6/omega 3 oranı, karoten, folat ve çinko alım düzeyleri bakımından istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık
vardır (p<0.05). Posa ve folat tüketimi yetersiz olan YBMD ve kontrol grupları
arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık vardır (p<0.05). Diyabet olma durumu
(OR: 2.709, %95 CI, 1.060-6.925) ve yaş artışı (OR: 1.126, %95, 1.065-1.191) YBMD
riskini artırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, YBMD’nin önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde yeterlidengeli
beslenme ve ideal vücut ağırlığının korunması önemlidir. YBMD ve beslenme
durumu arasındaki ilişkinin açıklanabilmesi için daha kapsamlı ve uzun süreli
çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
This study was performed to evaluate the nutritional status of individuals with late
stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The study was conducted with a
total of 166 individuals aged 50 years and over, 97 with AMD diagnosis and 69 without
AMD, who applied to Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital between
December 2017 and February 2018. Participants were questioned by means of the
face-to-face interview by the investigator with a survey on demographic
characteristics, health status, physical activity habits, anthropometric measurements,
nutritional habits and biochemical parameters. The nutritional status of the individuals
was determined by an one days 24-h dietary record and food-frequency questionnaire.
Biochemical parameter values were obtained from the results of the last year in the
patient's file information. The mean age of the participants in the study was 71.56±8.33
in the AMD group and 64.10±9.31 in the control group. There was no statistically
significant difference in the diagnosis of chronic disease, regular physical activity,
biochemical parameters between the AMD and the control group (p>0.05). There was
a statistically significant difference in body weight, height and waist to height ratios
between the control group and those with a diagnosis of late-stage AMD (p<0.05), but
there was no significant difference in BMI median (p>0.05). The average of central
macular thickness in individuals using nutritional supplement, the first value was
266.27±97.132 μm, the last value was 260.39±104.180 μm and there was no
statistically significant difference between them (p<0.05). Red meat-chicken
consumption median was 0.45 (0.00-4.82) in the AMD group, 0.77 (0.08-5.21) in the
control group and there was a statistically significant difference between them
(p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in energy, carbohydrate, the
percentages of energy from carbohydrate and fat, fiber, omega-6, omega-6/omega-3
ratio, carotene, folate and zinc intake between the AMD group and the control group (p<0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between AMD and control
groups with insufficient consumption of fiber and folate (p<0.05). Status of having
diabetes (OR: 2.709, 95% CI, 1.060-6.925), and increased age (OR: 1.126, 95%,
1.065-1.191) increases the risk of AMD. As a conclusion, adequate-balanced nutrition
and the maintenance of ideal body weight are important in prevention and treatment
of AMD. There is a need for more comprehensive and longitudinal studies to be able
to explain the relationship between the AMD and nutritional status
Öğretim yönetim sistemi ile desteklenmiş dersin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi
No full textWeb 2.0 teknolojilerini içinde barındıran ve öğretim yönetim sistemi (ÖYS) olarak tasarlanmış olan Edmodo, sosyal ağ sitelerinden eğitim alanında kullanılan önemli bir araç olarak profesyonel bir öğrenme ortamı sağlamaktadır. Bu özelliği ile Edmodo, bir ders içeriğinde ÖYS olarak kullanılmış, öğrencilerin ÖYS kullanılan derslere karşı tutumları ve öğretmenlik öz-yeterlik düzeylerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu araştırmada, anket ve açık uçlu soru yöntemleriyle, öğrencilerin ÖYS hakkındaki görüşlerine de yer verilmiştir. Araştırmaya özel bir üniversitenin Eğitim Fakültesinde farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören ve Öğretim Teknolojileri ve Materyal Tasarımı (ÖTMT) dersini alan 44 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. ÖYS üzerinden açılan ders alanında, derslerin içerikleri, ders içi sunum dosyaları ve ödevler bu platformdan paylaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin ödev yüklemeleri ve öğretmenin geri-dönütleri de benzer şekilde ÖYS üzerinden sağlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde, Edmodo’nun ÖYS olarak başarılı bir platform olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin ÖTMT dersine yönelik tutumlarında öntest ve sontest puanları incelendiğinde, son-test puanlarında bir artış olduğu görülmektedir. Buna göre Edmodo’nun öğrencilerin derse yönelik tutumlarını arttırdığı görülmektedir. Öğrencilerin, ÖYS’leri sevdikleri ve uygulamayı kullanmaktan keyif aldıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Fakat Edmodo’nun öğrencilerin hazır bulunuşluk düzeylerine bağlı olarak öğretmen öz yeterlik düzeylerinde benzer oranda bir düşüşe neden olduğu görülmektedir. Öğrencilerin daha verimli bir eğitim süreci geçirilebilmesi için, sürecin başlangıcından önce sosyal medya eğitimi verilmesi önerilebilir ve bu şekilde eğitim programı desteklenebilir.
Edmodo, which includes Web 2.0 technologies and is designed as a learning management system (LMS), provides social networking sites with a professional learning environment as an important tool in the field of education. Thanks to this feature, Edmodo has been used as a LMS in a course content and the attitude of the students towards the courses in which LMS has been used and their impact on the self-efficacy levels of the teachers have been analysed. This research further involves the opinions of the students on LMS with a questionnaire and open-ended questions. 44 pre-service teachers, who receive Instructional Technology and Material Design (ITMD) course and studying in the different departments in the Faculty of Education of a private university. The course content, in-class presentation files, and assignments are shared on this platform in the course area opened via the LMS. Student homework assignments and teacher feedback were similarly provided through the LMS. Research results demonstrate that Edmodo is a successful platform as the LMS. In addition, when the pre-test and post-test scores of the students' attitudes towards ITMD course are examined, it is clear that there is an increase in the post-test scores. This shows that Edmodo increases the attitudes of the students towards the course. It has been observed that the students like the LMS and enjoy using it. However, Edmodo leads to a similar decline in teacher self-efficacy levels, depending on the level of readiness of the students. It may be suggested that social media education should be given before the beginning of the process so that students can get a more efficient education process and the education program can be supported in this way
Finansal oranları kullanarak bankaların performanslarının değerlendirilmesi
No full text2001 yılında yaşanan ekonomik kriz Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe önemli yapısal değişikliklerin yaşanmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu kurulmuş ve bankaların yapısal olarak güçlenmelerine ilişkin bir takım düzenlemeler hayata geçirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen yapısal düzenlemeler bankaların öz sermaye yapısını güçlendirmekle birlikte aynı zamanda bankacılık sisteminin Türkiye Ekonomisindeki yerini de sağlamlaştırmıştır. Doğal olarak bu süreç içerisinde bankaların karlılıkları ve performansları da artırmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren ticari bankaların en önemli performans göstergeleri olan finansal oranlar kullanılarak 2001-2017 yılları arasında performans gelişimleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP)’yle bir çok ölçütlü karar verme modeli oluşturulmuş ve bankaların finansal oranları doğrultusunda sıralanmalarının gerçekleşebileceği bir performans değerlendirme modeli ortaya konmuştur. Modelde en kritik nokta hem finansal oranların ağırlıklandırılması, hem de finansal oranlara göre bankaların gösterdikleri performansın puanlanmasıdır. Kriter ağırlıklandırma işlemi için bankacılık sektöründeki uzmanların görüşlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Ticari bankaların her bir finansal oranının puanlandırılmasında ise kartiller dikkate alınarak ve doğrusal normalizasyon işlemi uygulanarak iki farklı yöntem kullanılmıştır. Her iki yöntemle elde edilen bulgular AHP modeline girdi olarak verilerek banka sıralamaları yıllara göre değerlendirilmiş, bankaların performanslarındaki değişimler nedenleri ile analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The economic crisis experienced in 2001 brought about significant structural changes in the Turkish Banking Sector. The Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA) has been established and a number of regulations regarding the structural strengthening of banks have been put into practice. These structural arrangements reinforced banks and their equity structure and secured the place of the banking system into Turkey’s economy. Naturally, the profitability and performance of the banks have also increased during this period.
In this study, performance improvements between the years 2001-2017 have been studied regarding the most important performance indicators using the financial ratios of commercial banks operating in Turkey. For this purpose, a multi-criteria decision-making model has been established with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and a performance evaluation model has been put forward in which banks can be ranked according to their financial ratios. The most critical point in the model is the weighting of financial ratios as well as the scoring of the banks according to their performances. The criterion weighting process was based on the opinions of experts in the banking sector. Two different methods have been used in the scoring of financial ratios of commercial banks, taking into account the quartiles and applying linear normalization process. Findings obtained by both methods were given as input to the AHP model and bank rankings were evaluated according to years and the reasons of the performance changes of the banks were tried to be analyzed
Ceza muhakemesinde istinaf
No full textTürk Ceza Hukukunda 26.09.2004 tarihinde kabul edilen 5235 sayılı Adli Yargı İlk Derece Mahkemeleri ile Bölge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kuruluş. Görev ve Yetkileri Hakkında Kanun ve 04.12.2004 tarihinde kabul edilen 5271 sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu ile istinaf olağan bir kanun yolu olarak öngörülmüştür. Bölge Adliye Mahkemeleri 20 Temmuz 2016 tarihi itibariyle ancak faaliyete geçebilmiş, böylece 5271 sayılı CMK*da düzenlenen istinaf kanun yoluna ilişkin hükümler de bu tarih itibariyle uygulanmaya başlanmıştır.
Yüksek lisans tezi niteliğindeki bu çalışmamızda. Türk Ceza Hukukunda kabul edilen istinaf kanun yolu ayrıntılarıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, giriş, beş ana bölüm ve sonuçtan oluşmaktadır.
îlk bölümde; istinafın tanımı yapılarak, hukuki niteliği, temyiz ile farkları, leh ve aleyhine ileri sürülen görüşler açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde istinaf kanun yolunun tarihsel gelişimi ve Türk Hukukunda istinaf ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü bölümünde; istinaf yargılamasının konusu ve istinaf kanun yoluna başvurabilmenin koşullarına yer verilmiştir.
Dördüncü bölümde istinaf nedenleri, istinaf başvurusu ve Bölge Adliye Mahkemesince yapılacak istinaf yargılamasına yer verilmiştir.
Beşinci bölümde istinaf yargılaması, istinaf yargılaması sonrasında başvurulabilecek muhtemel kanun yollarından, itiraz, temyiz, Bölge Adliye Mahkemesi C.Başsavcılığının itirazı, kanun yararına bozma ve yargılamanın yenilenmesi açıklanmıştır.
It is prescribed as the possible legal remedy on appellate with the law no.5235 vvhich is about the Courts of Original Jurisdiction and foundation, duties and authorities of Regional Courts of Justice, and about the law no. 5271, Criminal Court of Law, enacted in Turkish Penal code on 26.09.2004 and on 04.12.2004 respectively. Regional Courts of Justice came into operation barely on 20 July 2016; therefore, provisions conceming appeal code, which was coordinated in Law of Criminal Procedure (CMK) enumerated 5271, were started to be enforced in respect of this date.
In this study, which has the quality of post graduate thesis, the appeal code, vvhich is in Turkish Penal Law, is scrutinised. The study consists of introduction, 5 main sections and conclusion.
In the first section, appeal code's judical quality; its differences between discrimination and the propounded views of behalf and opposition are clarifıed. Historical development of the referral law route and the appeal code in the Turkish Law are addressed in section second. İn section third. the subject of appeal code and the conditions of applying to the appeal code are mentioned.
In section four, reasons of appeal code, application of appeal code and trial, vvhich is made by the Regional Courts, are mentioned.
In section fıve, the trial of appeal code; probable law ways to apply after the trial, objection, discrimination. the objection of Regional Courts of Law Chief Public Presecutor' offıce, annulment on behalf of the law and the renewal of the trial are explained
Relationship of Meteorological and Air Pollution Parameters with Pneumonia in Elderly Patients
Get PDFBackground and Purpose. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between pneumonia and meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, precipitation, airborne particles, sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrite oxide (NO), and nitric oxide (NOX)) in patients with the diagnosis of pneumonia in the emergency department. Methods. Our study was performed retrospectively with patients over 65 years of age who were diagnosed with pneumonia. The meteorological variables in the days of diagnosing pneumonia were compared with the meteorological variables in the days without diagnosis of pneumonia. he sociodemographic characteristics, complete blood count of the patients, and meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, precipitation, airborne particles, SO2, CO, NO2, NO, and NOX) were investigated. Results. When the temperature was high and low, the number of days consulted due to pneumonia was related to low air temperature (p < 0.05). During the periods when PM 10, NO, NO2, NOX, and CO levels were high, the number of days referred for pneumonia was increased (p < 0.05). Conclusion. As a result, climatic (temperature, humidity, pressure levels, rain, etc.) and environmental factors (airborne particles, CO, NO, and NOX) were found to he effective in the number of patients admitted to the hospital due to pnewnonia
The Impacts of Central Fatigue on the Polyphasic Nature of Tapping Performance
Get PDFObjective: As a non-specific symptom muscle fatigue mostly accompanies neuromuscular diseases and also occurs frequently in healthy individuals. Fatigue phenomenon is considered to be multidimensional symptom. There have been still discussions on the origin whether it depends primarily on the intrinsic properties of muscle itself (peripheral mechanisms) or the nervous system that controls muscle (central mechanisms). This study aimed to investigate the effects of central fatigue on the performance of maximal voluntary repetitive movement and discusses the specificity of finger tapping task test as a simple diagnostic tool for fatigue.
Methods: For this purpose, 27 healthy, male, right-handed volunteer performed the 20-s of finger tapping task test for four times. The one was for control and the other three were performed right after induction of three different central fatigue models. Temporal behavior of tapping performances were evaluated based on inter-tap intervals and the statistical comparison were made by regression analysis.
Results: The results showed that the partial evaluation of the task in time domain instead of complete test period yielded with statistically significant differences between control and fatigue models (p<0.001) and even in between the fatigue models.
Conclusion: Approximately the first 5-s of a finger tapping task consists of both motor learning processes and dynamics of energy consumption from anaerobic sources. However, it reflects dominantly the central components of fatigue. We may conclude that the temporal behavior of tapping performance following the induction of specific fatigue model may help making further discrimination for the origin of fatigue
Biofilm-forming capacity of blood-borne Candida albicans strains and effects of antifungal agents
No full textInfections related to Candida albicans biofilms and subsequent antifungal resistance have become more common with the increased use of indwelling medical devices. Regimens for preventing fungal biofilm formation are needed, particularly in high-risk patients. In this study, we investigated the biofilm formation rate of multiple strains of Candida albicans (n = 162 clinical isolates), their antifungal susceptibility patterns, and the efficacy of certain antifungals for preventing biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was graded using a modified Christensen's 96-well plate method. We further analyzed 30 randomly chosen intense biofilm-forming isolates using the XTT method. Minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBIC) of caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B were determined using the modified Calgary biofilm method. In addition, the inhibitory effects of antifungal agents on biofilm formation were investigated. Our study showed weak, moderate, and extensive biofilm formation in 29% (n = 47), 38% (n = 61), and 23% (n = 37) of the isolates, respectively. We found that echinocandins had the lowest MBIC values and that itraconazole inhibited biofilm formation in more isolates (26/32; 81.3%) than other tested agents. In conclusion, echinocandins were most effective against formed biofilms, while itraconazole was most effective for preventing biofilm formation. Standardized methods are needed for biofilm antifungal sensitivity tests when determining the treatment and prophylaxis of C. albicans infections. (c) 2017 Asociacion Argentina de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U
Do Statins Affect Thyroid Volume and Nodule Size in Patients with Hyperlipidemia in a Region with Mild-to-Moderate Iodine Deficiency? A Prospective Study
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this study was to assess the anti-proliferative pleiotropic effects of statins on thyroid function, volume, and nodularity. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and six hyperlipidemic patients were included in this prospective study. The 69 patients in the statin groups received atorvastatin (16 received 10 mg and 18 received 20 mg) or rosuvastatin (20 received 10 mg and 15 received 20 mg). The 37 patients in the control group, assessed as not requiring drugs, made only lifestyle changes. Upon admission and after 6 months, all patients were evaluated by ultrasonography as well as for lipid variables (total cholesterol, high-and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) and thyroid function and structure. Results: After 6 months, no differences in thyroid function, thyroid volume, the number of thyroid nodules, or nodule size were observed in the statin and control groups. In a subgroup analysis, total thyroid volume had decreased more in patients receiving 20 mg of rosuvastatin than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Maximum nodule size had decreased more in those receiving 10 mg of rosuvastatin (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest an association between rosuvastatin treatment and smaller thyroid volume and maximum nodule diameter; this could be attributable to the antiproliferative effects of statin therapy on the thyroid. (C) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Base
Effect of gabapentin on primary surgical treatment of experimental sciatic nerve injury in rats
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The aim of our study is to minimize the morbidity related to nerve injury by determining the protective effects of gabapentin in experimental sciatic nerve injury and end-to-end anastomosis model in rats and to guide clinical studies on this subject.
METHOD: In our study, 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: I: Only surgical intervention was applied; II: The sciatic nerve was cut properly and was repaired by end-to-end anastomosis. No additional procedure was performed; III: A single dose of gabapentin at 30 mg/kg was given after anastomosis; IV: 30 mg/kg gabapentin was given for 3 days after anastomosis; and V: 30 mg/kg gabapentin was given for 7 days after anastomosis. The experiment was terminated with high-dose thiopental (50 mg/kg) 60 days after the surgical intervention. The right sciatic nerve was taken from all animals. The obtained sections were examined immunohistopathologically.
RESULT: Immunohistochemical properties and Schwann cell proliferation were found to be statistically significantly lower in the control group than in the other groups. Schwann cell proliferation was higher in Group 3 than in Group 5. Immunohistochemical changes were significantly lower in Group 4 than in Group 3. Axonal degeneration was also higher in Group 4 than in Group 3.
CONCLUSION: Gabapentin promotes neurological recovery histopathologically in peripheral nerve injury due to its neuroprotective properties. Our study results show that gabapentin can be used as an adjunctive therapy to primary surgical treatment after peripheral nerve injury
Hydrogen Economy Model for Nearly Net-Zero Cities with Exergy Rationale and Energy-Water Nexus
Get PDFThe energy base of urban settlements requires greater integration of renewable energy sources. This study presents a "hydrogen city" model with two cycles at the district and building levels. The main cycle comprises of hydrogen gas production, hydrogen storage, and a hydrogen distribution network. The electrolysis of water is based on surplus power from wind turbines and third-generation solar photovoltaic thermal panels. Hydrogen is then used in central fuel cells to meet the power demand of urban infrastructure. Hydrogen-enriched biogas that is generated from city wastes supplements this approach. The second cycle is the hydrogen flow in each low-exergy building that is connected to the hydrogen distribution network to supply domestic fuel cells. Make-up water for fuel cells includes treated wastewater to complete an energy-water nexus. The analyses are supported by exergy-based evaluation metrics. The Rational Exergy Management Efficiency of the hydrogen city model can reach 0.80, which is above the value of conventional district energy systems, and represents related advantages for CO2 emission reductions. The option of incorporating low-enthalpy geothermal energy resources at about 80 degrees C to support the model is evaluated. The hydrogen city model is applied to a new settlement area with an expected 200,000 inhabitants to find that the proposed model can enable a nearly net-zero exergy district status. The results have implications for settlements using hydrogen energy towards meeting net-zero targets