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Prefazione a Giulio Andreotti. Cultura del dialogo tra interessi nazionali e affari esteri (1944-1994)
No full textIl personaggio storico di Giulio Andreotti viene introdotto non solo come protagonista dei diversi governi della repubblica, ma come vera e propria incarnazione del sistema di potere italiano. Traghettatore della burocrazia fascista in quella repubblicana, ha sempre difeso gli interessi dello stato, intesi come quelli di coloro i quali questo stato hanno "abitato", nel senso che hanno lavorato per lo stato o, comunque, a vario titolo, hanno da lui ricevuto profitti privati
Genomic insights on the history and selection trajectories of the Comune di Sicilia goat
No full textBackground: The Capra Comune di Sicilia (CCS), also known as Mascaruna, is a Sicilian local goat population first described in 1870 and is currently the focus of a recovery project aimed at its characterization and formal ethnic recognition. To elucidate the ancestral genetic components and selection trajectories of the CCS population, we genotyped 78 CCS goats using the Goat 60 K SNP BeadChip, integrated with genotype data from 1,920 individuals representing 66 goat breeds of Mediterranean and African origin. Results: CCS exhibited relatively high heterozygosity (0.408), and moderate levels of inbreeding (0.04), an estimated effective population size of 185. Genetic ancestry analysis revealed gene flow from Maltese, Girgentana, Rossa Mediterranea and Saanen populations, alongside evidence of putative Greek ancestry shared with most Mediterranean breeds in our dataset, reflecting Sicily’s profound historical and cultural ties with Greece. To better understand the evolutionary trajectories of the CCS population and to explore the potential contribution of Greek goat ancestry, we investigated selection signatures using iHS and ROH analyses. We identified 76 and 31 SNPs intercepting 38 and 12 genes, respectively, under putative selection. Subsequently, we applied XP-nSL and ROH analyses using Greek populations as ancestral references, identifying 21 and 431 SNPs associated with four and 157 genes, respectively, under putative selection. Overall, these selection signature analyses highlighted genes under positive selection related to traits such as milk and meat production, body size and growth, fertility, coat colour, fat deposition, and ear and horn development. Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the historical and genetic distinctiveness of the CCS population, emphasizing its uniqueness and providing critical insights into its genetic background. This information is essential for supporting informed efforts to formally recognize CCS as a distinct and valuable breed
Alonso de la Vera Cruz’s Take on the Conceivability of Prime Matter
No full textThe volume reconstructs central tenets of the early modern Scholastic debate that took place in colonial Latin America between the 16th and the 18th centuries. This period coincided with the foundation of American Scholasticism (or “colonial” Scholasticism). On the one hand, the establishment of higher education institutions, first in New Spain and, later, in other administrative regions, seeded a fertile framework that nurtured a new generation of Scholastic philosophers. On the other, the necessity to convert local communities to Christianity (and politically subjugate them) led to the proliferation of training centres and missions where learned Jesuit, Franciscan, and Dominican thinkers tackled the new cultural and natural settings they were experiencing. This twofold process facilitated the inauguration of a long-lasting, albeit often neglected, philosophical tradition in colonial Latin America: a tradition that was structurally bound to European Scholasticism yet also divergent from many of the traditional tropes that characterised its transatlantic developments
Treatment of Post-Traumatic Diaphyseal and Distal Tibial Bone Defects by Distraction Osteogenesis: A Monocentric Experience
No full textRound Temples on Roman Coins
No full textThere are numerous archaeological and literary attestations of the circular peripteral temple, called tholos in Greek: the most famous temples are certainly those at Delphi, Epidaurus and Athens, but no less famous is the heròon in honor of Philip II, the Philippèion, at Olympia. Despite the renown of these monuments, the tholos type does not appear to be used in the monetary issues of the Hellas. Absent on Greek coins, circular temples are found on some Roman-era issues, which will be the subject of our examination, cautioning that, in most cases, these are monuments located in Ellas or the Greek world
Sorption processes of wastewater contaminants on virgin and aged polystyrene microplastics: physicochemical changes and cellular toxicity assessment
No full textMicroplastics (MPs) are pervasive pollutants, subject to environmental ageing processes. This enhances their capacity to adsorb various contaminants from environmental matrices, posing growing threats to both ecosystems and human health. This study investigates the adsorption behaviour and cytotoxicity of 1 μm polystyrene microplastics (mPS), both virgin (v-mPS) and home-aged by thermo-oxidation (ox-mPS), following exposure to wastewater (ww). Hydrodynamic diameter measurements and FTIR analysis revealed significant adsorption of organic and inorganic substances onto v- and ox-mPS, proving the formation of an environmental corona. Approximately, 25% of the entire oxidisable load of the ww, assessed by COD, was adsorbed to the mPS. ww-v-mPS exhibited a higher increase in particle size and a thicker coating due to their hydrophobic nature and affinity for apolar or weakly polar compounds. Conversely, ww-ox-mPS, enriched with polar functional groups, displayed a more moderate increase in diameter. Zeta potential measurements indicated significant adsorption of negatively charged species on v-mPS. In human colorectal cells, both ww-mPS caused cell mortality increases (%Δ 243.3 and 83.2 in v- and ox-mPS in comparison to untreated mPS), highlighting potential risks from ingestion of contaminated food
Treatment of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the elderly: the SENIOR-RITA trial
No full textNon-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is the prevalent form of infarction, especially in the elderly population. Compared with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, the culprit coronary artery lesion is not always traceable, and only a proportion of cases undergoing coronary angiography result in revascularization. At present, there is no evidence that a systematically invasive strategy has better outcomes, especially lower mortality, than a conservative approach. The SENIOR-RITA trial was the largest study in this regard, having randomized 1518 patients aged ≥75 years to invasive vs. conservative strategy with follow-up up to more than 4 years. Frail patients with cognitive impairment and comorbidities were not excluded. The results showed no differences between the two strategies in terms of primary endpoint (composite of cardiovascular death and infarction) or mortality, but a significant reduction in the risk of infarction and subsequent revascularization. These results confirm those of the previous meta-analysis of studies devoted to elderly patients and should be considered in terms of intervention strategy rather than revascularization efficacy. Subsequent antithrombotic therapies need to consider the frailty of these patients and their high haemorrhagic risk, with the increasing trend towards less aggressive and prolonged therapies than in the past
Lichen Sclerosus: A black hole in current knowledge and management
No full textDear Editor,
We read with interest the study by Neville et al. [1], “Clinical
and Histological Predictors of Disease Severity in Boys with Lichen
Sclerosus”. The authors describe an intraoperative clinical grading
system for lichen sclerosus (LS) and assess its correlation with histopathology
and one-year outcomes. The finding that neither clinical
appearance nor histological severity predicted the need for
reintervention highlights the difficulty of anticipating LS progression
based only on morphology.
We particularly agree that meatal involvement is the strongest
predictor of persistent symptoms and further treatment. In this
setting, adding uroflowmetry to follow-up may help identify children
at risk of clinically relevant stenosis [2].
Therapeutically, in Neville et al. study, over half of patients had
received topical corticosteroids before surgery, with no clear protective
effect in preventing further surgery. We agree that, while steroids
remain central in management, recent histopathological
studies warned that genital pediatric LS shares features with adult
disease, including CD8+/CD57+ infiltrates and increased Ki-67
and p53 expression, raising the possibility of early dysplastic
changes [3]. These findings further support the need for careful,
individualized management strategies and the need of follow-up.
Moreover, long-term steroid local therapy carries risks of skin atrophy,
striae formation, rebound reactions, fungal infections, relapse
of human papilloma and herpes simplex virus infections [4], so
that alternative topic adjuvant treatments aimed at reducing inflammatory
and proliferative markers have been proposed [5].
We want to acknowledge the authors once more for their thorough
research comprehend pediatric LS and emphasizes the
importance of multimodal, individualized management that combines
clinical and functional monitoring
Evaluating criteria for assessing sustainable bread prepared with olive oil mill wastewater: a multi-criteria-based approach
No full textIn recent years, consumers have shown an increasing preference for foods that promote health, benefit society, and respect the environment. This paradigm shift has increased interest in food innovation and enrichment, including the use of substances derived from processing by-products. Transforming waste into valuable resources represents a critical global challenge and a key driver for advancing the circular economy model. In this context, Olive Oil Mill Wastewater (OOMW) is a by-product of the olive milling process which offers a sustainable solution for managing agri-food residues and enhancing resource efficiency in olive oil production. Rich in polyphenols, this waste holds potential for enhancing health properties of staple foods such as bread. However, determining the optimal formulation for innovative bread requires a detailed identification and evaluation of the criteria that impact the quality, the sustainability in terms of water footprint, and the acceptability of the final product. This study focuses on identifying these critical criteria and employs a multi-criteria decision-making approach, using the Group Best Worst Method (G-BWM) to prioritize them. By engaging a panel of experts, the study highlights how G-BWM can effectively handle complex decision-making processes, ensuring that the most relevant factors are considered and establishing clear priorities for each criterion. Results show that the key factors influencing the evaluation of OOMW-added bread are sustainability, specific volume, cell density in the crumb, and sensory characteristics, particularly aroma. Despite differences in structure, these findings suggest that the acceptability of the product is primarily driven by sensory perception and the environmental benefits of this innovation