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The Impact of Nirsevimab on Bronchiolitis-Related Hospitalizations: A Multicenter Italian Retrospective Comparative Study
No full textIntroduction: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of infant hospitalizations worldwide, primarily driven by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods: This multicenter retrospective comparative study assessed the impact of immunoprophylaxis with nirsevimab against RSV on bronchiolitis-related hospitalizations in Italy during the 2024-2025 winter season. Results: Data from nine Italian hospitals showed a substantial 48% decrease in bronchiolitis admissions compared to the previous season (438 vs. 832 admissions). Among hospitalized infants, only 23% had received immunoprophylaxis. RSV positivity dropped significantly among immunized patients (48%) versus non-immunized (73%, p < 0.0001), with fewer RSV-related coinfections. Discussion: While indicators of illness severity-such as ICU admission, respiratory support needs, and complications-were generally lower, no statistically significant differences in disease course were observed between immunized and non-immunized hospitalized infants. A shift in viral epidemiology was noted, with a reduction in RSV dominance and increased detection of rhinovirus and enterovirus, suggesting a pathogen replacement effect. The 2024-2025 season also saw a lower intubation rate (< 0.5%), pointing to an overall milder disease course. Conclusions: This study supports the effectiveness of nirsevimab in reducing RSV-associated hospitalizations and reshaping the virological landscape of bronchiolitis in Italy. Early and widespread implementation of immunoprophylaxis is recommended to maximize public health benefits
Optimal Antithrombotic Regimens Across Atherosclerotic Vascular Beds: Toward Mechanism and Risk-Oriented Strategies
No full textArterial thrombosis emerges from the interplay between plaque disruption, platelet activation, and coagulation pathway amplification on a background of heterogeneous ischemic and bleeding risk. Optimal antithrombotic therapy therefore varies across clinical settings, from acute coronary syndromes (ACS) to chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with atherosclerotic disease. Contemporary European and North American guidelines endorse an increasingly individualized approach, moving away from rigid “one-size-fits-all” dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration and intensity and incorporating dual pathway inhibition with low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin in selected high-risk CCS and PAD patients. In ischemic stroke, short-course DAPT is confined to minor events and transient ischemic attacks, whereas long-term monotherapy remains standard, and the coexistence of AF typically shifts the balance toward oral anticoagulation. Across all scenarios, antithrombotic benefit must be weighed against bleeding, especially in elderly, frail, or comorbid patients. Evidence gaps remain substantial, particularly in patients with overlapping vascular territories, AF plus atherosclerotic disease, and after ischemic stroke of complex or mixed mechanisms. This narrative review summarizes current evidence and guideline-based strategies in major atherosclerotic settings, proposes a unifying conceptual framework, and highlights key uncertainties and research directions for truly personalized antithrombotic care
First-principles modelling of circularly polarized luminescence in one-handed helical ladder polymers
No full textThe idea of helical chirality bridges the gap between stereogenic asymmetry at the local scale and intrinsic non-superimposability in larger secondary structures (DNA, RNA, α-helix protein, etc.). Novel synthetic breakthroughs allowed the ascent of a brand-new subclass of chiral materials based on defect-free single-handed helical ladder polymers, reducing the conceptual barrier between small artificial helical foldamers and helical biomacromolecules. Beyond their extraordinary physicochemical properties, the interference of circularly polarized radiation with optically pure one-handed helical ladder polymers paved the way for pronounced circularly polarized luminescence events. This work, through a systematic theoretical investigation, tackled the CPL spectral profiles of a multitude of enantiomeric ladder-type polymers with diversified helical arrangements and topological cavities. The computational protocol integrated a preliminary ground state treatment of chiral monomeric units with excited-state molecular dynamics of oligomeric and polymeric systems to understand how key geometrical parameters of ladderization precursors vary upon photoexcitation for chemical architectures of increasing size. The consolidation of APFD and O3LYP functionals performances, through the rigorous assessment of chiroptical descriptors (emission energies, rotational strengths, electric/magnetic transition dipole moments and their angle), allowed us to evaluate how the chiral dimensionality orients the CPL spectra of one-handed helical ladder polymers in terms of peak position, band shape, chiral sign and signal magnitude
L'attrattività dei borghi e i contratti di godimento in funzione della successiva alienazione immobiliare
No full textLa adattabilità della disciplina del godimento in funzione della successiva alienazione immobiliare ad assolvere la funzione di strumento di attrattività dei borghi e di ripolamento degli stess
From Spiking to Bursting: A Third-Order Piecewise-Linear Neuron with Adaptive Dynamics
No full textThis work presents a novel third-order piece-wise linear neuron model (P3FAN) that can replicate a broad spectrum of
dynamical behaviours, such as bursting, tonic spiking, low-frequency spiking, and plateau potentials. The proposed model
enables precise characterization of the temporal features associated with each oscillatory regime, while remaining both
analytically and computationally tractable. Analytical results are first rigorously drawn and then validated through numerical
simulations. The approach provides a versatile and efficient framework for the analysis and design of neural-inspired control
systems
Influence of microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement in Ni-Cr-Mo high strength steel and on hydrogen-related effects in API 5L X65Q steel
No full textThe energy transition increasingly relies on hydrogen as a low-carbon energy carrier, yet safe and economical deployment will likely require partial use of existing natural-gas infrastructures. This thesis investigates how microstructural features control hydrogen uptake, transport and hydrogen-assisted damage in engineering steels used in turbomachinery and pipeline applications. Two complementary material systems were studied: a Ni–Cr–Mo high-strength martensitic steel and API 5L X65Q pipeline steel. For the high-strength alloy, heat treatments were optimized to produce distinct microstructures, and a tailored testing protocol combining physical characterization (SEM, EBSD, TEM) and mechanical tests in hydrogen environments was used to correlate microstructural parameters with susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. For the pipeline steel, comparative short- and long-term electrochemical hydrogen-permeation experiments were performed to quantify the effects of temperature, charging conditions and microstructure on hydrogen uptake and diffusion. The results provide insight into microstructure–hydrogen interactions for safer integration of hydrogen into existing infrastructures
Characterization of Clinical, Hematological, and Biochemical Findings in Dogs with Vipera aspis Envenomation
No full textViper envenomation in dogs represents a significant medical emergency in regions where
vipers are endemic. Despite its clinical relevance, detailed data on the haematological and
biochemical alterations in canine viper envenomation remain limited. This study aimed to
evaluate the clinical presentation and haematological, biochemical and coagulative changes
occurring in dogs following bites from the Vipera aspis species, and to assess their diagnostic
and prognostic significance. Twelve dogs with suspected Vipera aspis envenomation were
encompassed in the study. Clinical data were gathered and blood samples were collected at
hospital admission (T1), 24 h (T2) and 48 h later (T3). Complete blood counts, biochemical
profiles and coagulation parameters were analysed using standard automated systems.
Common clinical signs included local pain and swelling, depression, fever, haematuria
and melena. Haematological evaluation revealed progressive anaemia, leucocytosis and
thrombocytopenia. Biochemical findings showed elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinas (CK),
indicating hepatic and muscular injury; however, no consistent evidence of renal failure
was found. Coagulation analysis revealed a significant shortening of activated partial
thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) over time, alongside marked in-
creases in fibrinogen and antithrombin III. This indicates an inflammatory rather than
consumptive coagulopathy. Viper envenomation in dogs induces complex haematological
and biochemical alterations, reflecting both direct venom toxicity and systemic inflamma-
tory responses. Early recognition, supportive care and continuous laboratory monitoring
are essential for improving prognosis
Nota di rinvio [in materia di Istruzione e fattore religioso]
No full textNota di richiami di dottrina e giurisprudenza in materia di istruzione e fattore religios
Perfluorooctanoic acid affects in vitro adipogenesis in murine preadipocytes acting as an inducer of hypertrophic adipocytes
No full textPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a key regulator of adipose tissue expansion, coordinating adipocyte physiological differentiation and maturation. In this study we evaluated the PPAR-γ effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a perfluorinated alkylated environmental obesogen, associated with an increased risk of diabetes, during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 murine cells. In particular, using in vitro monoculture (differentiating preadipocytes exposed to PFOA) or co-culture systems (differentiating preadipocytes in contact with PFOA-induced dysfunctional mature adipocytes) we examined adipocytes morphology and biological functions such as adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity and lipolytic response to adrenergic compounds. Exposure to PFOA (0.1-10 μM) promoted adipocyte hypertrophy inducing the formation of larger lipid vacuoles. These effects were also evident in the co-culture system, where paracrine factors released by PFOA-induced hypertrophic adipocytes influenced preadipocytes differentiation. Furthermore, both in the mono-culture and in the co-culture systems, PFOA exposure induced a metabolically unhealthy adipocyte phenotype affecting insulin sensitivity. Finally, findings obtained in mono-culture system evidence that these effects induced by PFOA may be related to its capability to affect lipid metabolism and pro/anti-inflammatory adipokine expression. This study, therefore, draws attention on PFOA as an obesogenic factor promoting adipocyte metabolic dysregulation and dysfunctional paracrine signaling
Massive Stranding of Macroramphosus gracilis (Lowe, 1839) in the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea): Somatic Features of Different Post-Larval Development Stages
No full textThe Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea) has always been known for the stranding
of marine organisms, especially during the spring. We came across an extraordinary
event of mass stranding in April 2025, with 453 specimens of Macroramphosus sp. found
through a single night. A total of 571 post-larvae and juvenile individuals stranded between
February and May 2025 were examined for this study. Clear morphological differences
related to the size, especially in post-larvae, were highlighted. The relationship between
Body Length (BL) and other morphometric measurements, such as Dorsal Spine Length
(DSL), Snout Length (SNL), and Body Height (BH), were studied, with the aim of identifying
without any doubt the species Macroramphosus gracilis. A slightly negative allometric
relationship between length and weight shows that it grows faster in length and slower in
weight. This study aims to improve the state of knowledge on slender snipefish M. gracilis,
and particularly on the somatic features of different post-larval development stages, such
as the presence of spinules in various parts of the body. All these morphological changes
could give us a hint at the ecological adaptation to the habit shift, as relates to development