IRIS UNIME
Not a member yet
103940 research outputs found
Sort by
Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cellular Senescence in an In Vitro Model of 3T3-L1 Murine Adipocytes
No full textCellular senescence is a stress-induced process that contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction by promoting inflammation, impaired adipogenesis, and insulin resistance, alterations that are closely associated with age-related cellular dysfunction and metabolic disorders. In this study, we evaluated the protective role of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against oxidative stress-induced senescence in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results obtained showed that CGA treatment significantly alleviated the senescent phenotype by restoring Lamin B1 levels and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Additionally, CGA downregulated key senescence-related cell cycle progression markers, modulating p53, p21, and MAPK signaling. CGA also restored insulin signaling through the PI3K-AKT-GLUT4 axis and improved glucose uptake, while attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine expression, and extracellular matrix remodeling factors associated with SASP. Collectively, these findings support the role of CGA as a promising senotherapeutic nutraceutical able to reduce adipocyte senescence and its metabolic consequences, offering novel insights for the development of dietary supplements targeting age-related cellular dysfunction
Dendritic Cells: key controllers of lymphoid tissue organization
No full textDendritic cells (DCs) are highly efficient antigen-presenting cells that play a central role in inducing and controlling immune responses. Beyond their role in antigen presentation and in orchestrating lymphocyte activities, DCs also contribute to the spatial and functional organization of lymphoid structures, including both secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs, acting at different levels during both lymphoid tissue neogenesis and their maintenance. DCs can facilitate lymphoid tissue development by interacting with both lymphoid tissue inducer and organizer cells, initiating early aggregation and supporting lymphotoxin-mediated signaling pathways essential for lymphoid structure maturation. Additionally, DCs release chemokines attracting and anchoring immune cells in lymphoid tissues and regulate the formation and the overall size of high endothelial venule system, which mediate immune cell trafficking into lymphoid tissues. The dynamic crosstalk between DCs and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC), which facilitate immune cell interactions and compartmentalization, is essential for lymphoid tissue specialization and function, though the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of DC/FRC crosstalk remain to be fully elucidated. Finally, studies in mice and humans suggest that DC subsets are pivotal in T follicular helper cell differentiation, essential for humoral immunity in B cell follicles of lymphoid tissues, therefore emphasizing DCs’ critical role also in supporting B cell maturation and antibody responses in the germinal centers of lymphoid organs
Il fronte sanzionatorio: dal carcere alle comunità
No full textIl contributo analizza il sistema di sanzioni penali per il minore autore di reato anche con riferimento alla disciplina della loro esecuzione, nonché gli istituti processuali penali a rilevanza sostanziale regolati dal d.P.R. n. 448 del 1988, tenuto conto delle modifiche introdotte dal c.d. Decreto Caivano (non luogo a procedere per irrilevanza del fatto, sospensione del processo e messa alla prova, percorso di rieducazione del minore)
FAKE SEX, REAL HATE - DEEPFAKE PORNOGRAPHY AS TECHNOLOGICAL VIOLENCE IN 4CHAN’S MANOSPHERE
No full textThe article examines the use of non-consensual deepfake pornography on the anonymous platform 4chan, framing it as a form of gendered technological violence. The authors argue that such content is not the result of isolated incidents, but part of a structured and normalized discourse sustained by algorithmic and cultural misogyny. Through a combination of computational analysis and critical discourse analysis, the study shows how requests and practices of “synthetic nudification” become performative, commercial, and ritualized acts. The authors also stress the need for interdisciplinary responses that address the cultural and technological context in which these practices emerge
Immunoconjugated Magnetic Graphene for Exosome Capture in SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus-Infected Cells
No full textMolecular profiling of thyroid nodules on cytologic samples: Findings from an Italian multi‐institutional cohort
No full textBackground: Molecular testing is increasingly used to improve preoperative risk assessment of thyroid nodules, especially those with indeterminate cytology. This study evaluated the performance of the Myriapod next-generation sequencing (NGS) DNA-only cancer panel in fine-needle aspiration cytology thyroid samples, correlating findings with postsurgical diagnoses. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens from 74 thyroid nodules in the TIR3A, TIR3B, TIR4, and TIR5 categories according to the Italian Consensus for the Classification and Reporting of Thyroid Cytology. DNA from these samples, obtained from residual liquid-based cytology material, was analyzed with the Myriapod NGS panel, targeting 16 genes implicated in thyroid cancer. All patients underwent surgery, allowing for histopathologic correlation. Results: The residual liquid-based cytology material yielded adequate DNA for molecular testing in 89.2% of the nodules. All TIR3A (low-risk intermediate) nodules were histologically benign, whereas 50% of TIR3B (high-risk intermediate) nodules were malignant; mutations were identified only in the malignant nodules. In the TIR4 category (suspicious for malignancy), BRAF V600E was the most frequent mutation in malignant nodules. Both TIR5 (malignant) nodules were papillary thyroid carcinomas with a BRAF V600E mutation. The molecular test demonstrated 100% sensitivity, 95.5% specificity, 91.7% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value for samples that were adequate for molecular testing. An intention-to-diagnose analysis that included samples inadequate for molecular testing was also performed, yielding 84.6% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, 91.7% positive predictive value, and 84% negative predictive value. Conclusions: The Myriapod NGS panel aids in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. Its high negative predictive value may help avoid unnecessary surgery, whereas the detection of specific mutations strongly correlates with malignancy, thus informing surgical planning
Integrating Neutrosophic Logic into Principal Component Analysis: A Python-Based Framework
No full textPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimensionality reduction technique that transforms correlated variables into a smaller set of uncorrelated principal components. However, classical PCA assumes precise and crisp data, which may not hold true in real-world scenarios characterized by uncertainty and indeterminacy. To address this limitation, this study integrates Neutrosophic Logic into PCA, forming a robust framework capable of handling truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F) values. The proposed methodology first converts neutrosophic data into crisp representations using an aggregation function, then applies PCA to extract principal components. A comparative analysis between normal PCA and Neutrosophic PCA is conducted using Python, highlighting how uncertainty impacts variance capture and eigenvector orientation. Visualization tools such as eigenvector plots, projection lines, and scree plots are employed to illustrate the findings. Results demonstrate that Neutrosophic PCA provides a more reliable representation of uncertain datasets without significant loss of variance information. This framework can be applied in fields such as pattern recognition, machine learning, and data-driven decision-making where uncertainty is inherent
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping the Doctor–Patient Relationship: A Narrative Review
No full textThe doctor-patient relationship is a central factor in healthcare delivery. Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents an emerging technological frontier whose implications remain to be fully clarified. Evidence-based studies provide reliable analyses of effects and offer a deeper understanding of both limits and benefits. This narrative review aimed to explore the role of AI in modern clinical practice, with particular reference to its effects on the doctor-patient relationship. Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched between 1 and 10 December 2025 to identify suitable studies. Inclusion criteria comprised English-language articles published in the last 10 years, with a direct focus on the doctor-patient relationship and exclusively employing empirical research designs. A total of 21 studies published between 2021 and 2025 were identified as eligible. The most common AI applications were conceptual systems discussed at a perceptual level (thirteen studies), followed by simulated AI decision-making scenarios (two studies). Implemented AI applications were less frequent and mainly included AI-based clinical decision support systems, administrative and documentation-focused tools, and a small number of conversational or relational AI applications (six studies in total). These studies focused on patients, healthcare professionals, and medical students preparing for future clinical roles. Results highlighted generally positive patient attitudes toward AI, often mediated by educational level, technological familiarity, and risk awareness. Among healthcare professionals, positive attitudes also emerged, although concerns regarding epistemic and professional values were noted. Greater involvement of clinicians in its development was consistently recommended. Findings from academic samples aligned with those of patients and clinicians, showing that integrating AI with traditional clinical practices was consistently preferred. Empathy, compassion, effective communication, accuracy, ethics, and trust were highlighted as fundamental values essential for mitigating risks. These elements are fundamental to the effective implementation of technologies aimed at improving clinical practice, while an integrative perspective is needed to safeguard the doctor-patient relationship. Overall, the use of AI in medical practice emerged as promising. Further studies should strengthen the empirical basis of the field to support an evidence-based approach to AI integration in healthcare
