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Significant Impact of Schmallenberg Virus in Three Ruminant Farms: A Laboratory Experience
No full textSchmallenberg virus (SBV) is endemic in Europe and other parts of the world and represents an underestimated and underdiagnosed cause of abortion and economic losses for livestock farms. In the present study, we evaluated SBV’s impact on three ruminant farms, in particular, two dairy cattle farms with reproductive problems (including abortions, stillbirths, and malformations) and a clinically healthy buffalo farm involved in oocyte collection through ovum pick-up (OPU) for in vitro embryo production and commercial sale. All sampled animals were subjected to serological assays against the main infectious agents responsible for reproductive disorders in ruminants: SBV, bluetongue virus (BTV), Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Brucella abortus (B. abortus). The first herd with reproductive disorders had a high (78%) seroprevalence for SBV (considered to be the cause of reproductive problems), while the prevalence observed for BTV was modest (16.7%). Although free from B. abortus, the second dairy farm had only a few animals that were seropositive for C. burnetii and BTV (1/22 and 2/22, respectively), but a prevalence of 72.7% for SBV. The buffalo farm had several animals seropositive for C. burnetii (9/52), BTV (10/52), and SBV (12/52). Almost half of the sampled animals were exposed to at least one pathogen (26/52). Seropositive animals were excluded from oocyte collection in compliance with regulatory health requirements. One month later, seronegative animals were retested, revealing the seroconversion of another animal for SBV, which was also excluded. This study has described, through seroprevalence testing, the direct impact of SBV on livestock (clinical impact) and how it affects the selection of animals for the trade of genetic material (indirect impact)
Development and validation of the generative artificial intelligence appropriation (GAIA) Scale: A comprehensive measurement tool for assessing user engagement and utilisation
No full textA Descriptive Study on the Association Between the Sensory Profile and the Autistic Quotient in Italian 3–12-Year-Old Preschoolers and Schoolers with Autism
No full textSensory reactivity has recently been introduced as a diagnostic criterion for autism, and growing attention is being paid to considering children’s behavioural responses to sensory stimuli. This study explored sensory reactivity in a sample of preschool- and school-aged autistic children. Parents of 68 participants [21 preschoolers (3–5 years) and 47 school-aged children (6–11 years)] completed an e-survey (Ethical Committee: 2024-412). Two research questions were addressed to explore: a. whether sensory reactivity dimensions differ according to autistic-like trait severity (medium vs. high) and b. whether sensory reactivity differs between preschool- and school-aged children. Controlling for age and sex, the results showed that children with higher autistic-like trait severity exhibited greater sensory reactivity across all dimensions. The interaction also supported higher sensory reactivity in each dimension for children with higher severity levels. In addition, no significant difference and interaction emerged between age group and sensory reactivity, supporting the potential stability of these features over time. However, group comparisons indicated that school-aged children showed higher parental-reported movement sensitivity, particularly during rough play or balance-related activities. These findings highlight the importance of considering sensory reactivity in autism diagnosis and in designing supportive and tailored intervention environments
The relationship between social media use and adolescent inattention and impulsivity: A systematic review
No full textObjective
This systematic review aims to evaluate the association between social media use (SMU) and ADHD-related outcomes—primarily inattention and impulsivity—among adolescents aged 10–19 years.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted across PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase in June 2025. Search terms included: ("social media" OR "social network" OR "social networking site" OR Instagram OR TikTok OR Facebook) AND (adolescen* OR teen* OR youth) AND (ADHD OR "attention deficit" OR inattention OR impulsivit* OR hyperactiv*). Eligible studies included both general population samples and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Filters were applied to include articles published in English between 2015 and 2025. Although a formal risk of bias assessment was not conducted, study characteristics and methodological variability were qualitatively evaluated.
Results
Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized. Across both clinical and non-clinical samples, most studies reported a significant association between problematic social media use and ADHD-related traits or symptoms, particularly inattention. Evidence for associations with impulsivity was also observed, whereas findings related to hyperactivity were less consistent and less frequently examined. However, considerable heterogeneity in study design, measurement tools, and operationalization of SMU limited direct comparability and synthesis.
Conclusion
Problematic social media use appears to be associated with increased inattention- and impulsivity-related outcomes in adolescents. While current evidence suggests a meaningful link, the predominance of cross-sectional designs limits conclusions about directionality. Future research should adopt longitudinal and experimental approaches, employ standardized and conceptually precise measures of social media use, and clarify the role of specific ADHD dimensions
Famiglia e genitorialità nella recente giurisprudenza sulle scelte etiche di inizio-vita seguendo il best interest of the child
No full textIl contributo analizza l’evoluzione del concetto giuridico di famiglia alla luce dei più recenti contributi giurisprudenziali, con particolare attenzione all’impatto delle scelte etiche di inizio-vita e al progressivo radicamento del principio del best interest of the child come criterio ordinatore del sistema. Dopo avere ricostruito il passaggio dal tipico modello familiare essenzialmente ispirato all’etica cattolica e formalizzato nel matrimonio concordatario, alla politipia delle formazioni sociali affettive riconosciute dall’ordinamento, lo studio esamina le tensioni generate dalle tecniche di procreazione medicalmente assistita (PMA) e dalla crescente domanda di tutela dei nuovi modelli genitoriali che ne derivano, incluse le coppie omosessuali, le persone singole e le famiglie transgender, anche in riferimento all’uso della maternità surrogata e dell’adozione. Il lavoro evidenzia come la giurisprudenza, sulla scorta dei mutamenti sociali, tenda a privilegiare la continuità e la certezza dei legami affettivi rispetto alle formali restrizioni legislative di accesso alla PMA. L’ordito del paper è, infatti, costituito dall’analisi delle più recenti sentenze della Corte costituzionale che hanno ridefinito gli equilibri tra autodeterminazione procreativa, divieti normativi e tutela del minore, riconoscendo in diversi casi la genitorialità anche in assenza di legami biologici e favorendo un approccio paidocentrico. Nelle considerazioni conclusive l’autore richiama le criticità sistemiche derivanti dalla frammentazione del modello costituzionale di famiglia, dal persistere dell’inverno demografico e dal rischio di derive tecnocratiche ed eugenetiche connesse al ricorso smodato alle tecnologie riproduttive. Viene auspicato, infine, l’intervento del legislatore per costruire un quadro organico in materia di famiglia e genitorialità che, evitando sia l’iperattivismo giurisprudenziale sia la deriva individualistica dei “diritti tiranni”, riaffermi la centralità del minore e garantisca un ambiente stabile e armonioso per lo sviluppo della sua personalità
The role of affective temperaments on depressive rumination in individuals with bruxism
No full textBruxism, defined as the grinding or clenching of teeth, is a multifactorial condition whose etiology involves both psychological and psychopathological aspects. In particular, it has been associated with variables such as anxiety, depression, and ruminative thinking. The aim of the present study is to examine the psychological characteristics associated with bruxism, with a particular focus on affective temperaments and depressive rumination. The subjects recruited from the general population were assessed through an online survey including the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Group differences were analyzed using the student's t-test for independent samples. Furthermore, a linear regression analysis was performed, thereby considering the RRS as the dependent variable and the TEMPS-A temperament dimensions as independent variables, in order to identify which temperamental profiles could explain depressive rumination in individuals with bruxism. The analyses revealed significant gender differences in the cyclothymic and anxious temperaments, as well as in the “Brooding” and “Depression” dimensions of the RRS. A regression analysis further indicated that cyclothymic and depressive temperaments predicted “Brooding” and “Depression”, whereas only the cyclothymic temperament emerged as a predictor of “Reflection”. These findings highlight the relevance of affective temperaments and depressive rumination in the psychological profile of patients with bruxism, thus underlining their importance for clinical practice
Nonsmooth critical point theory and applications to nonlinear differential problems
No full textThe motivation for nonsmooth calculus arises from the limitations of classical anal- ysis, where differentiability assumptions often exclude many relevant models. Real world problems in engineering, economics, and optimization frequently involve ir- regular, discontinuous, or nondifferentiable data. Nonsmooth analysis provides a rigorous framework to extend variational methods and optimization tools beyond the smooth setting. In particular, it establishes a fundamental theoretical basis for the study of variational problems with discontinuous nonlinearities, as well as for prob- lems where the nonlinear term is represented by multifunctions or formulated in the form of hemivariational inequalities.This thesis is situated within this context, devel- oping tools and results concerning the existence and multiplicity of solutions to dif- ferential equations, differential inclusions, and hemivariational inequalities, where classical methods based on differentiability are not applicable. The main tools are Clarke’s generalized gradient and nonsmooth extensions of variational methods, in particular critical point theory. Within this framework, a central role is played by the nonsmooth version of the Mountain Pass Theorem as well as by abstract multiplicity results, such as two and three critical point theorems due to Bonanno, D’Aguì and Winkert [20] and Bonanno and Marano [26], which ensure the existence of multiple solutions under weak regularity and polynomial growth assumptions.
The thesis addresses several classes of nonlinear problems. First, the existence of two generalized weak solutions is established in two different settings: an elliptic differential inclusion driven by the Laplace operator with Dirichlet boundary con- ditions, and a second order ordinary differential inclusion with periodic boundary conditions. In both cases, an explicit interval of parameters is identified for which the problem admits a solution.
Next, two problems with highly discontinuous nonlinearities are investigated. The first is a Sturm Liouville type problem with sign-changing weight functions and mixed boundary conditions, where the application of a three critical points theo- rem guarantees the existence of at least three generalized solutions. The second one concerns a Neumann problem involving the p-Laplacian and discontinuous nonlin- earities, for which the existence of two weak solutions with opposite energy sign is proven.
Finally, a fourth-order hemivariational inequality is studied, and the existence of three distinct solutions is established
An implicit elliptic boundary value problem with highly discontinuous right-hand side
No full textLet , with , let ,
and let be a bounded domain with boundary
of class . Let , and let
and be two given functions.
Let
%
be an elliptic second order differential operator, with suitable coefficients
() and
().
We study the existence of strong solutions
of the implicit elliptic equation
,
where if , and is a suitable subset of
.
We prove an existence result where is allowed to be highly discontinuous in both variables. In particular, we point out that a function satisfying our assumptions could be discontinuous, with respect to the second variable, even at all points . Some consequences and corollaries are also presented.
As regards , it is only assumed to be continuous and locally nonconstant
Percutaneous coronary intervention in high bleeding risk patients: a review of contemporary management strategies
No full textIntroduction: High bleeding risk (HBR) affects over one-third of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with elevated mortality due to both hemorrhagic and ischemic complications. Optimizing management of these patients remains a critical challenge in contemporary interventional cardiology. Areas covered: This review summarizes advances in bleeding risk assessment and management strategies in HBR patients. Literature was evaluated regarding validated risk tools (ARC-HBR, PRECISE-HBR), procedural approaches (radial access, intravascular imaging - guided PCI), device selection (contemporary drug-eluting and polymer-free stents, drug-eluting balloons), and pharmacologic optimization (shortened dual antiplatelet therapy, minimization of triple therapy, proton pump inhibitor prophylaxis). Emerging approaches including artificial intelligence - enhanced risk prediction, biomarker-based phenotyping, and pharmacogenomic-guided antiplatelet selection are also discussed. Dedicated HBR care pathways and multidisciplinary programs supporting best-practice implementation are highlighted. Expert opinion: Despite contemporary strategies reducing bleeding risk, HBR patients continue to experience disproportionate mortality. Precision medicine approaches, including continuous risk quantification, next-generation antithrombotics with improved safety, and standardized, data-driven HBR management frameworks, are needed to further optimize outcomes and guide future trials in this high-risk population