HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
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Psychosocial work exposures among European employees: explanations for occupational inequalities in mental health
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Social inequalities in mental health have been demonstrated but understanding the mechanisms remains unclear. This study aims at exploring the role of psychosocial work factors in explaining occupational inequalities in mental health among European employees.METHODS: The study sample covered 33,443 employees coming from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010. Mental health was measured by the WHO-5 well-being index and socioeconomic position by occupation. Twenty-five psychosocial work factors were constructed including job demands, job influence and development, role stressors, social support, quality of leadership, discrimination, violence at work, working hours, job promotion, job insecurity and work-life imbalance. Multilevel linear regressions and bootstrap analyses were performed.RESULTS: Occupational differences were observed for poor mental health and almost all psychosocial work factors. Factors related to job demands, influence and development at work, social relationships and leadership, working hours and other factors contributed to explain the occupational inequalities in mental health. In particular, factors related to influence and development contributed substantially. Among men, workplace violences were found to contribute little whereas among women these factors did not play a role.CONCLUSIONS: Future prevention interventions should have a broad and comprehensive focus in order to reduce social inequalities in mental health
Nanoparticules et fonction de reproduction: Nanoparticules et fonction de reproduction, impact des nanoparticules de noir de carbone sur les fonctions endocrines ovariennes et gonadotropes hypophysaires
No full textL’essor des nanotechnologies entraîne un accroissement de l’exposition des populations aux nanoparticules manufacturées issues de matériaux variés, qui s’ajoutent à celles produites non intentionnellement. Parmi les nanoparticules, celles de noir de carbone sont largement utilisées dans l’industrie (ex. pneumatiques et autres caoutchoucs, plastiques, encres d’imprimerie). Même si leur impact sur la santé nécessite d’être mieux compris, elles ont été associées en particulier à des inflammations du tissu pulmonaire, à des bronchopathies ainsi qu’à un risque accru de cancer pulmonaire. La question traitée dans le projet "NANOVHYP" est la recherche d’une possible action des nanoparticules de noir de carbone sur la fonction de reproduction
Pneumocystis jirovecii in the air surrounding patients with Pneumocystis pulmonary colonization.
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected and characterized in the air surrounding patients with Pneumocystis pulmonary colonization. Air samples were collected in the rooms of 10 colonized patients using Coriolis® μ air sampler at 1m and 5m from the patient's head. P. jirovecii DNA was amplified and genotyped in pulmonary and air samples at the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. P. jirovecii DNA was detected in 5 of the 10 air samples collected at 1m and in 5 of the 10 other air samples collected at 5m. P. jirovecii genotyping was successful in 4 pairs or triplets of air and pulmonary samples. Full genotype matches were observed in 3 of the 4 pairs or triplets of air and pulmonary samples. These results provide original data supporting P. jirovecii exhalation from colonized patients and emphasize the risk of P. jirovecii nosocomial transmission from this patient population
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and indicators of early immune stimulation: the Estelle study (SFCE)
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Factors related to early stimulation of the immune system (breastfeeding, proxies for exposure to infectious agents, normal delivery, and exposure to animals in early life) have been suggested to decrease the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Methods: The national registry-based case-control study, ESTELLE, was carried out in France in 2010-2011. Population controls were frequency matched with cases on age and gender. The participation rates were 93% for cases and 86% for controls. Data were obtained from structured telephone questionnaires administered to mothers. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for age, gender, and potential confounders. Results: In all, 617 ALL and 1225 controls aged >= 1 year were included. Inverse associations between ALL and early common infections (OR = 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 1.0), non-first born (>= 3 vs 1; OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0), attendance of a day-care centre before age 1 year (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0), breastfeeding (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.0), and regular contact with pets (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.0) in infancy were observed. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that conditions promoting the maturation of the immune system in infancy have a protective role with respect to ALL
Epigenetic effects of low perinatal doses of flame retardant BDE-47 on mitochondrial and nuclear genes in rat offspring
No full textInternational audiencePolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are known endocrine disrupting chemicals used commonly as flame retardants in everything from electronics to furniture. Exposure to PBDEs during early development has been linked to neurodevelopmental delays. Despite mounting evidence of neurological harm from PBDE exposure, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects on brain function remain unknown. We examined the effects of perinatal exposure to BDE-47, the most biologically active and prevalent BDE congener in North America, on epigenetic patterns in the frontal lobe of Wistar rats. Dams were gavaged with BDE-47 (0.002 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight) at gestation days 9 and 16, and postnatal days 1, 8, and 15. Frontal lobes from offspring at postnatal day 41 were collected to measure 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes (Mt-co1,Mt-co2, and Mt-co3), global nuclear 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) content, 5mC in repetitive elements L1Rn, and 5mC in nuclear genes (Bdnf, Crhr1, Mc2r, Nr3c1, and Snca) related to behavioral and brain functions in the nuclear genome. We observed a significant decrease in %5mC in Mt-co2 (difference from control=-0.68%, p=0.01 at the 0.2 mg/kg BDE-47). 5mC in repetitive elements L1Rn decreased at 0.002 mg/kg BDE-47 (difference=-1.23%, p=0.02). Decreased nuclear 5mC was observed in Bdnf and Nr3c1 in BDE-47 exposed rats. However, we did not observe significant effects of PBDE toxicity on DNA methylation patterns for the majority of genes in the brain
Passage de la barrière air/sang de nanotubes de carbone: Passage de la barrière air/sang de nanotubes de carbone après une exposition pulmonaire, impact de la toxicité sur les organes secondaires
No full textLes nanotubes de carbone peuvent être utilisés sous la forme de fils en renfort dans certains matériaux ou comme nouveau matériau pour l’électronique. Leur morphologie fait penser à des tubes creux ou des fibres qui ressembleraient à de l’amiante : d’où des interrogations sur leur toxicité éventuelle. Les porteurs du projet "Bio 14CNT" ont mis au point une méthode de marquage radioactif des nanotubes de carbone (fondée sur l’introduction dans les nanotubes de l’isotope radioactif du carbone, le carbone 14, à la place d’une partie du carbone 12). Ils ont ainsi obtenu des résultats préliminaires, montrant que, chez la souris, des nanotubes inhalés se déplacent vers d’autres organes secondaires, même si une partie d’entre eux reste piégée dans le poumon. Se pose alors la question si l’inhalation de nanotubes peut affecter d’autres organes, y compris chez l’homme
Immunotoxicité de nanoparticules métalliques
No full textLe développement des nanotechnologies fait naître autant d’espoirs que d’inquiétudes. Parmi celles‐ci figure la toxicité des nanoparticules qui est encore mal connue. Cette méconnaissance est entretenue par le fait que les travaux de recherche mènent souvent à des résultats contradictoires. On soupçonne que les nanoparticules puissent affecter le système immunitaire et induire des dysfonctionnements tels que des inflammations chroniques ou des allergies.Le projet de recherche "Innimmunotox" porte sur l’étude de la fonctionnalité de cellules du système immunitaire (des cellules dendritiques et des macrophages), mises en présence de nanoparticules
Parental smoking, maternal alcohol, coffee and tea consumption during pregnancy, and childhood acute leukemia: the ESTELLE study
No full textInternational audiencePurpose To investigate the role of parental smoking during pre-conception and pregnancy, maternal beverage consumption (alcohol, coffee and tea) during pregnancy and their possible interactions, in the etiology of childhood acute leukemia (CL). Methods The ESTELLE study included 747 cases of CL [636 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 100 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)] diagnosed in France in 2010–2011 and 1,421 population controls frequency-matched with the cases on age and gender. Data were obtained from structured telephone questionnaires administered to the mothers. The odds ratios (OR) and their 95 % confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results AML, but not ALL, was non-significantly associated with alcohol drinking during pregnancy [OR = 1.3 (0.8–2.0)] with a significant positive dose–response trend (p-trend = 0.02). Pre-conception paternal smoking was significantly associated with ALL [OR = 1.2 (1.1–1.5)] and AML [OR = 1.5 (1.0–2.3)]. CL was not associated with maternal smoking [OR = 1.0 (0.8–1.2)], or maternal coffee [OR = 0.9 (0.8–1.1)] or tea drinking [OR = 0.9 (0.8–1.1)] during pregnancy. However, a high consumption of coffee (\textgreater2 cups/day) was significantly associated with ALL [OR = 1.3 (1.0–1.8)]. Conclusions The findings constitute additional evidence that maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy may be involved in AML, and that paternal smoking before pregnancy may be a risk factor for CL. The role of maternal coffee drinking in CL remains unclear and should be investigated further in consortium analyses and in large birth cohort studies with exposure assessment more contemporaneous with the exposure, before the occurrence of the diseas
Occupational biomechanical exposure predicts low back pain in older age among men in the Gazel Cohort
No full textInternational audienc
Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Normal and Pathological Human Endometrial Biopsies and In Vitro Regulation of Gene Expression by Metals in the Ishikawa and Hec-1b Endometrial Cell Line
No full textInternational audienceIt is well known that several metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and vanadium, can mimic the effects of estrogens (metallo-estrogens). Nevertheless, there are only a few studies that have assessed the effects of toxic metals on the female genital tract and, in particular, endometrial tissue. In this context, we measured the concentrations of several trace elements in human endometrial tissue samples from individuals with hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma and in normal tissues. Hyperplasic endometrial tissue has a 4-fold higher concentration of mercury than normal tissue. Mercury can affect both the AhR and ROS signaling pathways. Thus, we investigated the possible toxic effects of mercury by in vitro studies. We found that mercury increases oxidative stress (increased HO1 and NQO1 mRNA levels) and alters the cytoskeleton in the human endometrial Ishikawa cell line and to a lesser extent, in the "less-differentiated" human endometrial Hec-1b cells. The results might help to explain a potential link between this metal and the occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia