HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
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Multiple maternal occupational exposures during pregnancy and intrauterine growth: analysis of the French Longitudinal Study of Children - ELFE cohort, using data-driven approaches
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To use data-driven approaches to investigate maternal multi-occupational exposures during pregnancy and their effects on intrauterine growth.Methods: Maternal occupational exposure to 47 factors during pregnancy was evaluated with job-exposure matrices in the French ELFE cohort. The outcomes of interest were birthweight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA) and head circumference (HC). Occupational exposures associated with these outcomes were identified by EWAS, LASSO, and random forest. The five exposures with the strongest effects selected with these approaches were included in a final multivariate model with significant interactions.Results: We included 12,851 women. The most important occupational factors predictive of SGA were endocrine disruptors, high strain, kneeling/squatting, job demands, physical effort. No significant associations were detected when these variables were combined in a final model. For BW, the most important variables were leaning forward/sideways, using a computer screen, ultrafine particles, physical effort, airborne germs, repetitive actions. The use of a computer screen significantly decreased BW and, for women not exposed to airborne germs, leaning forward/sideways significantly increased BW. For HC, repetitive actions, oxygenated solvents, kneeling/squatting, airborne germs, working outdoors were the most important predictive factors. Repetitive actions and working outdoors significantly decreased HC. HC also decreased in women exposed to both airborne germs, and oxygenated solvents. Similar results were found for women who worked during the third trimester.Conclusion: Our findings highlight potential roles of chemical, biological and postural factors and their interactions in determining intrauterine growth. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple exposures in occupational health studies
Plastic-associated pathogens in marine environments: a meta-analysis
No full textInternational audienceThe global accumulation of plastic debris in marine ecosystems is continually increasing. Understanding the interaction between these debris and the bacterial biofilm on their surface is essential, particularly with regard to potential human pathogenic bacteria (PHPB). In this meta-analysis, we re-evaluated 16S rRNA metabarcoding data from 52 plastisphere-related studies, published up to 2024. We compared the bacteriomes of plastics and other marine substrates, identifying PHPB associated with each type of substrate. Did not appear more abundant nor richer in the plastisphere than in other marine solid substrates. Nevertheless, we described a distinctive PHPB signature associated with plastics, including Vibrionaceae bacteria (4 % of the whole plastisphere) and particularly Vibrio alginolyticus. The contribution of other marine substrates to plastic PHPB was quantified and we found that shell and wood substrates were potential sources of PHPB for plastics. Our results suggest that both plastics and other marine solid substrates could serve as reservoirs for PHPB. However, plastics convey specific PHPB communities, and due to their ubiquity and persistence in marine ecosystems, plastic debris poses a higher risk as fomites compared to other substrates
Occurrence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic-resistant genes in the anthropogenic impacted bay of Nha Trang, Viet Nam
No full textInternational audienceAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has increased significantly due to the widespread transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) within and between animals, environments, and humans. Unfortunately, the AMR situation in the coastal areas is little known. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of MDR Enterobacteriaceae from water and sediment samples collected in Nha Trang Bay, Viet Nam. Overall, 48/107 (45.8%) identified and isolated bacteria belong to risk group 2 pathogens. More than 57% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates exhibited MDR phenotypes, in which Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter freundii were the most prevalent species. In addition, eight ARGs including sul1, sul2, sul3, tetQ, tetB, mecA, blaVIM and blaKPC were detected with high abundance in most of water and sediment samples. Notably, class 1 integron-integrase gene intI1 was widely distributed (95.8%) in all samples with a total absolute abundance of 2.9 × 105 copies/ml water and 9.7 × 107 copies/g sediment. We also identified significant relationships between sul3, tetB, blaVIM, blaKPC and intI1 with bacterial density, chlorophyll A, phosphorus and temperature. These observations suggest that intI1 gene and nutrients could promote the emergence and propagation of antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) and ARGs in the Nha Trang Bay
NEMESISdb: A full length 16S rRNA gene dataset for the detection of human, fish, and crustacean potentially pathogenic bacteria
No full textInternational audienceNEMESISdb is a 16S rRNA full length sequence curated dataset designed to enable the identification and tracking of potentially pathogenic bacteria (PPB) for human, fish, and crustacean hosts. It addresses the limited focus on marine and coastal environments as key reservoirs for PPB, where bacteria from diverse sources—terrestrial, marine, and animal—can coexist. Leveraging recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, NEMESISdb provides a robust resource for the detection of PPB in 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding or metagenomic data. The database comprises three datasets corresponding to human, fish, and crustacean hosts, containing 1703, 222, and 64 PPB species, respectively, with a total of over 150,000 16S rRNA full length sequences curated for accuracy. This resource was constructed by extracting sequences from the SILVA 138.2 SSU Ref NR99 database, refining them through a rigorous curation pipeline to ensure taxonomic consistency and eliminate misclassifications. The resulting datasets are optimized for use with popular tools such as BLAST and classifier software, enabling rapid and accurate detection of PPB in metabarcoding and metagenomic data. NEMESISdb supports diverse applications, including pathogen surveillance in aquatic ecosystems, studies on environmental factors influencing PPB dynamics, and the development of targeted strategies for mitigating pathogen impacts in aquaculture. Additionally, it facilitates research within the One Health framework by linking the circulation of PPB across environmental, animal, and human compartments
Maternal exposure to pesticides and gestational diabetes mellitus in the Elfe Cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risks of adverse perinatal outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring. Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals are presumed to interfere with glucose metabolism. We aimed to assess the association between non-occupational exposures to pesticides and the risk of GDM.Methods: The study was conducted on 11 512 women (791 with GDM) from the French nationwide Elfe cohort. Among 114 suspected pesticides identified using a toxicogenomic approach, 62 with detection frequency ≥10 % were analyzed across three sources of exposure: residential use (self-reported, n = 18), agricultural (geographic information system, n = 14) and dietary (estimated by a food-frequency questionnaire and monitoring data of pesticide residues in foods, n = 30). The association between exposure to pesticides (no or low vs. high) and the occurrence of GDM was tested with single and multi-source adjusted logistic regression models.Results: In the multi-source model, dietary exposure to glyphosate (aOR = 0.6, 95 %CI: 0.5,0.9) or agricultural exposure (aOR = 0.8, 95 %CI:0.6,1.0) were associated with lower odds of GDM. The same effect was identified for two dietary pesticides: epoxiconazole (aOR = 0.6, 95 %CI: 0.5,0.8) and penconazole (aOR = 0.8, 95 %CI: 0.6,1.0). Dietary exposure to cypermethrin (aOR = 1.2, 95 %CI:1.0,1.5) and agricultural exposure to myclobutanil (aOR = 1.4, 95 %CI:1.1,1.9) were associated with higher odds of GDM. No significant association was identified for the residential use of pesticides.Conclusion: This toxico-genomic-based study identifies five pesticides associated with GDM through agricultural or dietary exposure. These findings provide new insights into environmental contributors to GDM. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying toxicological mechanisms and confirm these associations
From cities to vineyards: sex-specific phenotypic differences between habitats in a generalist bird species, the great tit (Parus major)
No full textInternational audienceIn vertebrates, habitats differ in many biotic and abiotic factors with potential important consequences on fitness. Measuring phenotypic differences between habitats is a relevant approach to assess habitat quality for multiple categories of individuals such as males and females. Morphological traits have, for example, been used to successfully assess the impact of urbanization on birds. Surprisingly, this approach has rarely been used in farmlands, although it could be useful to assess the constraints of agricultural practices (i.e. habitat alteration, pesticides). We investigated the phenotypic differences between three habitats (forest, urban, vineyard) in male and female great tits (Parus major) to assess the constraints that occur in small cities and intensive vineyards, and to test if one sex may be more sensitive than the other to habitat-specific constraints. We measured three traits that integrate environmental constraints (body size, body condition, carotenoid-based plumage colouration). We found that urban great tits are of lower phenotypic quality (size, condition, plumage brightness) than their forest counterparts even when they live in small cities. Despite intensive agricultural practices, we found no difference in body size and plumage colouration between vineyard and forest birds, and vineyard birds were even in better condition than forest ones. We found that the differences in body condition between habitats were more pronounced for females relative to males. This supports the idea that females may be more sensitive to habitat-specific constraints than males. Our study suggests that food availability is probably not limited for this generalist species in vineyards, contrary to cities
A major entomoparasite interferes with the chikungunya virus transmission by Aedes albopictus
No full textInternational audienceImpact statement The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus , is an invasive species that spreads diseases like chikungunya and has caused outbreaks worldwide. Studies show that mosquito‐associated microbes can affect disease transmission. One of those microbes, the parasite Ascogregarina taiwanensis , is common in native and settled mosquito populations (>3 years after introduction) but rare in recently introduced ones. We found that this parasite slows down the spread of the chikungunya virus within the mosquito and decreases its transmission rate by half. Unparasitized mosquitoes spread the virus more easily, suggesting that changes in mosquito‐associated microbes could impact disease outbreaks and public health
Nearfield Validation of a Flexible Solid Phantom for mmW Antennas
No full textInternational audienceThis paper investigates the applications of a solid silicone-carbon-based phantom for nearfield antenna characterization at millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies. Unlike conventional phantoms designed to mimic permittivity, this phantom is optimized to replicate the skin’s reflectivity. Numerical simulations are performed to compare the phantom’s response to a homogeneous skin model, focusing on S11, radiation efficiency, total efficiency, and radiation patterns across different distances from a patch antenna operating at 60 GHz.Results show that, while higher errors are observed in the reactive nearfield due to strong field coupling, the phantom provides an accurate representation of near-body EM interactions, with deviations decreasing in the radiating nearfield and beyond. These findings suggest the phantom’s applicability for nearfield antenna testing, particularly in wearable scenarios, where its flexibility allows for testing on curved surfaces and dynamic body conditions
Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population-Based Birth Cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Low gestational vitamin D levels may increase offspring risk of cardiovascular disease from an early age. Studies investigating the impact on offspring macrovascular function have been inconsistent. Few included pulse wave velocity as an arterial stiffness indicator, and none included measures of microvascularization as an early marker of cardiovascular health. This study explored the association between gestational vitamin D levels and macro- and microvascular health across early adolescence.Methods and results: We analyzed data from 430 mother-child pairs from a Spanish birth cohort. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) levels were measured in serum at 13 weeks of pregnancy. At 11 and 15 years we assessed macrovascular parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) and pulse wave velocity (m/s), and microvascular parameters (central retinal artery/vein equivalent (μm)). We used continuous (in ng/mL) and categorical (deficient <20 ng/mL versus adequate >20 ng/mL) deseasonalized 25(OH)D3 levels as exposure. Mixed effect and linear regression models were conducted. During their pregnancies, nearly 23% of the mothers had deficient vitamin D3 levels. We did not find statistically significant associations between pregnancy vitamin D3 levels and macro- and microvascular function markers across adolescence. However, subjects exposed to deficient vitamin D3 levels showed a nonstatistically significant decrease in pulse wave velocity (β=-0.09 [95% CI, -0.19 to 0.01]) compared with those exposed to adequate levels. There was no evidence of a sex interaction.Conclusions: Our findings show little evidence to support associations between low vitamin D levels during pregnancy and macro- or microvascular health parameters through early adolescence
The become study brain cancer risk in joint cohort of medical workers exposed to ionizing radiation
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundAmong medical professionals, there is some evidence that protracted exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is associated with risk of certain cancers. Case reports suggest an excess of brain tumor in interventional cardiologists, but few cohort studies of medical radiation workers have been performed to prospectively examine brain cancer risk in relation to cumulative organ-absorbed dose to the brain.This study aims to quantify the radiation-induced risk of death from central nervous system (CNS) cancer using the international nested case-control study BECOME (Brain CancEr risk in joint cOhort of MEdical workers exposed to ionizing radiation), based on estimated cumulative IR occupational doses in 3 cohorts of medical workers exposed to IR in the USA (including only radiologic technologists), France and Korea (including all medical professions).MethodsThis study is based on 3 national cohorts: the French ORICAMs (Occupational Radiation-Induced Cancer in Medical Staff), the USRT (U.S. Radiologic Technologists), and the Korean MRWs (Medical Radiation Workers) cohorts. All CNS tumor deaths were identified from linkage of the cohorts with national registries and classified using ICD (International Classification of Diseases) codes C70, C71, C72. For each case, five controls were randomly selected in the country-specific cohort and matched according to year of birth and sex.Brain doses were calculated based on passive dosimetry and dose reconstruction methods that were homogeneous between cohorts. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the dose-risk relationship. Results This study included 361 cases (deaths between 1985-2021) and 1,851 matched controls. Follow-up ended in 2019 in the MRWs, and in 2021 for the USRT and ORICAMs cohorts.Mean brain doses were 10.6(±13) mGy and 10.2(±12) mGy for cases and controls, respectively. No significant association was found between brain dose and death from CNS tumors (OR=1.68, 95%CI 0.50-5.71 for a 100mGy-increase). Similar results were found when exposure was characterized by cumulative Hp(10), exposure duration, length of follow-up or age at first exposure. However, profession appears to be associated with risk of CNS death; these analyses are currently underway and will be presented at the conference.ConclusionIn this nested case-control study based on three pooled national cohorts, cumulative brain dose due to occupational exposure was not associated with death from CNS tumors overall. However, further analyses are underway to deepen our understanding of specifics occupational risks. The pooling of new national databases within the consortium could help focus attention on those workers who are most exposed