HAL du Programme national de recherche environnement-santé-travail (PNR EST)
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Effect of size continuum from nanoplastics to microplastics on marine mussel Mytilus edulis: Comparison in vitro/in vivo exposure scenarios
No full textInternational audienceFor several decades, plastic has been a global threat in terms of pollution. Plastic polymers, when introduce in the aquatic environment, are exposed to fragmentation processes into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) which could potentially interact with living organisms. The objective of this work was to study the effects of plastic particles representative of those found in the environment, on the marine mussels Mytilus edulis, under two exposure scenarios: in vivo and in vitro. Whole mussels or cultured hemocytes were exposed for 24 h to NPs and MPs generated from macro-sized plastics collected in the field, but also to reference NPs, at concentrations found in the environment: 0.08, 10 μg and 100 μg·L−1. Results showed that immune response was only activated when mussels were exposed in vivo. However, cytotoxicity (hemocyte mortality) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) parameters were induced after both types of exposure, but in a dose-dependent manner after in vitro hemocyte exposure to all tested plastic conditions. These results indicate that in vitro approaches could be considered as potential predictors of in vivo exposures
Lung Cancer in the French West Indies: Role of Sugarcane Work and Other Occupational Exposures
No full textInternational audienceOBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the role of occupational exposures in lung cancer risk in the French West Indies, with special attention to some specific activities, such as sugarcane work, that can only be studied in a limited number of populations.METHODS: We used data from a population-based case-control study that included 147 incident lung cancer cases and 405 controls. Smoking histories and detailed occupational histories with descriptions of tasks and substances were collected by questionnaire during face-to-face interviews. Odds ratios (OR) adjusted for sex, age, region, smoking status, and cigarette pack-years and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression.RESULTS: Significantly increased risks of lung cancer were found in sugarcane farm workers (OR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.1-6.6) and more generally in the sugarcane-growing sector (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.3) and to a lesser extent in rum production. Elevated risks of lung cancer were also observed among other agricultural workers, painters, warehouse porters, labourers, and maintenance and motor vehicle repair workers. Exposure to herbicides in sugarcane cultivation was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 0.9-7.6).CONCLUSION: These results show that occupational exposures contributed to lung cancer risk in the French West Indies, and highlighted the role of exposures related to sugarcane work
High-Resolution Model of Human Skin Appendages for Electromagnetic Dosimetry at Millimeter Waves
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this work is to evaluate local power and electric field distributions inside high-resolution 3D anatomical CAD models of cutaneous appendages at 60 GHz upcoming for 5G/6G. The microscale resolution models of cutaneous nerves, lymphatics, pilosebaceous unit, microvasculature, eccrine sweat glands, Meissner corpuscle and Pacinian corpuscle were designed based on morphometric data and microscopic images. The Maxwell's and Hanai's mixture equations were employed to retrieve the complex permittivity of cutaneous appendages based on their free water content. The cutaneous appendages were exposed to a uniform plane wave. The finite element method was used to compute the power loss density (PLD) and internal electric field (E). The results indicate that the maximal PLD in cutaneous appendages occurred for E polarized along their longest dimension. Higher peak PLD was observed in high water content cutaneous appendages such as acrosyringium (45%), epidermal axon (37.9%), Pacinian corpuscle (32.5%), blood capillary (30.6%), lymph capillary (20%) and arrector pili muscle (13.5%) compared to the surrounding skin. Higher E was detected in low water content hair with the peak E 45.1% greater than in surrounding skin. The interfaces of the cutaneous appendages also manifested a boost (23.8%-60.9%) in PLD compared to the surrounding skin. Detailed physical interpretation of observed phenomena is provided in the article. These results provide an insight into microscale power deposition in skin at frequencies upcoming for wireless communications
Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review
No full textInternational audienceFluoride (F) is added to many dental care products as well as in drinking water to prevent dental decay. However, recent data associating exposure to F with some developmental defects with consequences in many organs raise concerns about its daily use for dental care. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the contribution of dental care products with regard to overall F intake through drinking water and diet with measurements of F excretion in urine used as a suitable biomarker. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using keywords related to chronic exposure to F in the human population with measurements of F levels in body fluids, 1,273 papers published between 1995 and 2021 were screened, and 28 papers were finally included for data extraction concerning daily F intake. The contribution of dental care products, essentially by toothbrushing with kinds of toothpaste containing F, was 38% in the mean regardless of the F concentrations in drinking water. There was no correlation between F intake through toothpaste and age, nor with F levels in water ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 mg/L. There was no correlation between F intake and urinary F excretion levels despite an increase in its content in urine within hours following exposure to dental care products (toothpastes, varnishes, or other dental care products). The consequences of exposure to F on health are discussed in the recent context of its suspected toxicity reported in the literature. The conclusions of the review aim to provide objective messages to patients and dental professionals worried about the use of F-containing materials or products to prevent initial caries or hypomineralized enamel lesions, especially for young children
Hypoxemia increases blood-brain barrier permeability during extreme apnea in humans
No full textInternational audienceVoluntary asphyxia imposed by static apnea challenges blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in humans through transient extremes of hypertension, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. In the present study, ten ultra-elite breath-hold divers performed two maximal dry apneas preceded by normoxic normoventilation (NX: severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia) and hyperoxic hyperventilation (HX: absence of hypoxemia with exacerbating hypercapnia) with measurements obtained before and immediately after apnea. Transcerebral exchange of NVU proteins (ELISA, Single Molecule Array) were calculated as the product of global cerebral blood flow (gCBF, duplex ultrasound) and radial arterial to internal jugular venous concentration gradients. Apnea duration increased from 5 m 6 s in NX to 15 m 59 s in HX (P = <0.001) resulting in marked elevations in gCBF and venous S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 and total tau (all P < 0.05 vs. baseline). This culminated in net cerebral output reflecting mildly increased BBB permeability and increased neuronal-gliovascular reactivity that was more pronounced in NX due to more severe systemic and intracranial hypertension (P < 0.05 vs. HX). These findings identify the hemodynamic stress to which the apneic brain is exposed, highlighting the critical contribution of hypoxemia and not just hypercapnia to BBB disruption
Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations between DNA methylation at birth and childhood cognitive skills
No full textAbsence de volumaison et paginationInternational audienceAbstract Cognitive skills are a strong predictor of a wide range of later life outcomes. Genetic and epigenetic associations across the genome explain some of the variation in general cognitive abilities in the general population and it is plausible that epigenetic associations might arise from prenatal environmental exposures and/or genetic variation early in life. We investigated the association between cord blood DNA methylation at birth and cognitive skills assessed in children from eight pregnancy cohorts within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium across overall (total N = 2196), verbal (total N = 2206) and non-verbal cognitive scores (total N = 3300). The associations at single CpG sites were weak for all of the cognitive domains investigated. One region near DUSP22 on chromosome 6 was associated with non-verbal cognition in a model adjusted for maternal IQ. We conclude that there is little evidence to support the idea that variation in cord blood DNA methylation at single CpG sites is associated with cognitive skills and further studies are needed to confirm the association at DUSP22
Adapted dietary inflammatory index and differentiated thyroid carcinoma risk in two French population-based case–control studies
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer and its etiology is still not well understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between an adapted dietary inflammatory index and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) risk in two population-based case–control studies (CATHY and YOUNG-THYR) conducted in France. Methods: These studies included a total of 1321 DTC cases and 1502 controls, for which an adapted dietary inflammatory index (ADII) was computed based on food frequency questionnaires in each study separately. The association between ADII and thyroid cancer risk was assessed using logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders. Results: Higher ADII scores, corresponding to a higher pro-inflammatory potential of the diet, were associated with higher DTC risk (odds ratio (OR) for 1 standard deviation (SD) increase: 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.18, P: 0.03). Associations were stronger in analyses restricted to women (OR for 1-SD increase: 1.14, 95% CI 1.04, 1.25, P: 0.005), as well as in women with lower education level, current smoking, or high body mass index. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of DTC, especially when combined with other inflammatory conditions such as tobacco smoking or overweight. Our findings will help better understand the role of diet-induced inflammation in DTC etiology
Environmental Metabolomics Promises and Achievements in the Field of Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Viewed through the Pharmaceutical Lens
No full textInternational audienceScientists often set ambitious targets using environmental metabolomics to address challenging ecotoxicological issues. This promising approach has a high potential to elucidate the mechanisms of action (MeOAs) of contaminants (in hazard assessments) and to develop biomarkers (in environmental biomonitoring). However, metabolomics fingerprints often involve a complex mixture of molecular effects that are hard to link to a specific MeOA (if detected in the analytical conditions used). Given these promises and limitations, here we propose an updated review on the achievements of this approach. Metabolomics-based studies conducted on the effects of pharmaceutical active compounds in aquatic organisms provide a relevant means to review the achievements of this approach, as prior knowledge about the MeOA of these molecules could help overcome some shortcomings. This review highlighted that current metabolomics advances have enabled more accurate MeOA assessment, especially when combined with other omics approaches. The combination of metabolomics with other measured biological endpoints has also turned out to be an efficient way to link molecular effects to (sub)-individual adverse outcomes, thereby paving the way to the construction of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). Here, we also discuss the importance of determining MeOA as a key strategy in the identification of MeOA-specific biomarkers for biomonitoring. We have put forward some recommendations to take full advantage of environmental metabolomics and thus help fulfil these promises
Bacterial assemblages of urban microbiomes mobilized by runoff waters match land use typologies and harbor core species involved in pollutant degradation and opportunistic human infections
No full textInternational audienceCities are patchworks of urban catchments divided into functional units according to their commercial, residential and industrial activities, and socio-urbanistic patterns. The hypothesis of city surface microbiomes being structured by socio-urbanistic variables leading to an emergence of synurbic taxa was tested. According to the r/K microbial ecology theory, a gradient of well-adapted synurbic K-strategists and of opportunistic –r-strategists should occur over city surfaces. K-strategists would be core components while r-ones would be transiently detected. To resolve these patterns, sub-catchments (n = 21) of an area of high commercial and industrial activities were investigated over three time periods covering one year. The sub-catchments' land use patterns and associated human behaviors were converted into socio-urbanistic variables and groupings. Bacterial cells mobilized by runoffs per sub-catchment were recovered, and analyzed by classical approaches, microbial source tracking DNA assays and DNA meta-barcoding approaches. Relationships between these datasets, the runoff physico-chemical properties, and descriptors of the socio-urbanistic groupings were investigated. 16S rRNA meta-barcoding analyses showed evidence of the occurrence of K- and r-like strategists. Twenty-eight core genera were identified, and correlation networks revealed large bacterial modules organized around actinobacterial taxa involved in hydrocarbon degradation processes. Other bacterial networks were related to the occurrences of hygienic wastes, and involved bacteria originating from fecal contaminations. Several r-strategists like Sulfurospirillum were recorded and found associated to point source pollutions. The tpm -metabarcoding approach deciphered these r / K strategists at the species level among more than ten genera. Nine core Klike Pseudomomas species were identified. The P. aeruginosa human opportunistic pathogen and P. syringae phytopathogens were part of these K-strategists. Other tpm -harboring bacterial pathogens showed r-like opportunistic distribution patterns. Correlation network analyses indicated a strong incidence of hygienic wastes and hydrocarbon-pollutions on tpm -harboring bacteria. These analyses demonstrated the occurrence of core synurbic bacterial K-strategists over city surfaces
Identifier les particules minérales allongées: Identification des particules minérales allongées (fibres asbestiformes et fragments de clivage) dans des corps ferrugineux chez des travailleurs exposés aux poussières minérales
No full textInternational audienceL’objectif du projet "CoFePMAi" est de mettre en place un protocole d’analyse qui permette, à partir des particules et des corps ferrugineux (CF) observés dans les prélèvements de parenchyme pulmonaire et de liquide de lavage broncho-pulmonaire de travailleurs souffrant de pathologies respiratoires, de distinguer entre des fibres classées « amiante » issues de minéraux asbestiformes et celles issues de fragments de clivage, avec une identification précise de la nature des particules minérales allongées d’intérêt