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Characterizing the potential effects of a complex textile industry contamination on structure, function and nutritional quality of phototrophic biofilms: the case study of the Cleurie River
No full textInternational audienceThe Cleurie River (France) is a forested headwater stream contaminated by industrial activities(textiles). The cocktail of contaminants is characterized by high concentrations of glyphosate andAMPA as well as a high load of dissolved organic matter dominated by optical brighteners. This type ofcomplex contamination, close to environmental quality standards, chronic and episodic, is usuallypoorly reflected by the bioindicators currently implemented within the European Water FrameworkDirective. This apparent contradiction feeds an environmental controversy involving end-users of theriver, stakeholders and industrialists,In this context, we investigated the effects of such contamination on phototrophic biofilms, a pivotalecological player in this ecosystem. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the structure and function ofphototrophic biofilms in situ, along the pollution gradient, (2) to establish causal relationship betweenthe main contaminants of La Cleurie and biofilms structure and function in controlled experiment and(3) to estimate indirect effects of this contamination by evaluating its impact on the quality of thebiofilm as a food resource for consumers.To do so, biofilms were collected during a seasonal in-situ monitoring in the Cleurie river and severalcontrolled lab-experiments. Glyphosate was found to have little effects on photosynthesis orheterotrophic activities of biofilms after 4 weeks of exposure to 0.1 to 150 μg L -1, nevertheless themicrobial metabolome was modified in response to exposure. Further experiments highlighted thestrong decrease in green algae cell density in phototrophic biofilms exposed to environmentalconcentrations of an optical brightener for 4 weeks. Exposure to those contaminants also led tochanges in lipid profiles of biofilms potentially altering its nutritional quality. Therefore, those biofilmswere provided as a food resource to a model consumer (Gammarus fossarum) whose life history traitswere estimated (survival, growth) to estimate indirect effects of those contaminants on the food chain.These results will be further used within the framework of a broader interdisciplinary approach aimingat studying the circulation of scientific knowledge between the different actors (researchers, end-users,stakeholders...) involved in this controversy
Tick exposure biomarkers: A One Health approach to new tick surveillance tools
No full textInternational audienceThe spread of tick-borne disease (TBD) is escalating globally, driven by climate change and socio-economic shifts, underlining the urgency to improve surveillance, diagnostics, and control strategies. Ticks can transmit a range of pathogens increasing the risk of transmission of human and veterinary diseases such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Surveillance methods play a crucial role in monitoring the spread of tick-borne pathogens (TBP). However, there are shortcomings in the current surveillance methods regarding risks related to ticks. Human-tick encounters offer a novel metric for disease risk assessment, integrating human behavior into traditional surveillance models. However, to more reliably measure tick exposure, a molecular marker is needed. The identification of antibodies against arthropod salivary proteins as biomarkers for vector exposure represents a promising avenue for enhancing existing diagnostic and surveillance metrics. Here we explore how the use of tick saliva biomarkers targeting recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides could significantly improve the assessment of TBD transmission risk and the effectiveness of vector control measures. With focused efforts on creating a biomarker against tick exposure suitable for humans and domestic animals alike, tick surveillance, diagnosis and control would be more achievable and aid in reducing the mounting threat of TBP through a One Health lens
Relationships between asbestos exposure and pleural plaques: dose and time effects using fractional polynomials
No full textInternational audienceObjective: The aim of this study was to confirm the relationship between several parameters of exposure to asbestos and pleural plaques (PP) using data from a large cohort of retired workers occupationally exposed to asbestos in France.Method: A large screening programme, including high-resolution CT (HRCT) examinations at inclusion and two other HRCT campaigns, was organised from 2003 to 2016 in four regions of France for voluntary, formerly asbestos-exposed workers. Exposure to asbestos has been evaluated by industrial hygienists based on the complete work history. The time since first exposure, the time since last exposure, Cumulative Exposure Index and maximum level of exposure to asbestos, were used in logistic regression using fractional polynomials to model the relationship with PP.Results: The study included 5392 subjects with at least one HRCT available. There was a significant non-linear effect of time since first exposure, time since last exposure and Cumulative Exposure Index to asbestos on the presence of PP. The risk of PP increased with increasing Cumulative Exposure Index to asbestos adjusted for time since first exposure, age and smoking status. Models also show that PP odds rise with increasing time since first exposure adjusted for cumulative index exposure, age and smoking status. PP odds decrease when time since last exposure increases.Conclusion: The study provides new data on the link between asbestos exposure and the presence of PP using fractional polynomials with non-linear relationships for time exposure parameters and asbestos exposure parameters
L’exposition des truites à un pesticide, le tébuconazole: Plateforme multi-OMiques haut-dÉbit pour l'anaLyse du stress perturbateur endOcrinien chez le poisson
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L’impact du BPA sur les troubles neuro-développementaux: Neurotoxicité des Perturbateurs Endocriniens : Evaluation de l’impact du bisphénol A sur la myélinisation par une approche lipidomique globale
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Long-term exposure to air pollution at residential and workplace addresses and breast cancer risk: A case-control study nested in the French E3N-Générations cohort from 1990 to 2011
No full textInternational audienceBackground: An increasing evidence links air pollution to breast cancer (BC) risk. Yet, pollutant exposure estimates at the workplace location in pollution exposure assessment have not been considered.Objectives: This study investigates the association between particulate matters (PM2·5, PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) atmospheric concentrations (1990–2011), at the women’s residential and workplace locations, and BC risk.Methods: This case-control study of 2419 BC cases and 2984 controls, was nested in the French prospective E3N cohort. The annual mean PM2·5, PM10 and NO2 concentrations were estimated using a Land Use Regression model (50 m x 50 m resolution) and assigned to the women’s geocoded residential and workplace locations, from cohort recruitment to their index date (date of case diagnosis). Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsAn increased BC risk was observed for a 10 µg/m3 increase of the 1990–2011 average PM2·5 concentration estimates (OR=1·28; CI 1·00, 1·63). An increased risk was suggested for a 10 µg/m3 increase for PM10 (OR=1·09; CI 0·92, 1·30) and NO2 (OR=1·05; CI 0·97, 1·13). No effect modification by menopausal status, nor difference by hormone receptor status were observed.Discussion: This study is the first to estimate BC risk and long-term air pollutant exposure from both, residential and workplace location histories. Results suggest that residential PM2·5, PM10 and NO2 concentrations are strongly correlated with workplace ones, indicating that residential data may serve as proxy for overall exposure. Future studies should consider exposure during commuting
Quality of life in retired workers with past exposure to asbestos
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Asbestos causes cancer and non-cancerous lung and pleural diseases and can also have a negative psychological impact but little is known about its effect on health-related quality of life.Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of retired men with a history of occupational exposure to asbestos and examine factors linked with low HRQoL.Methods: Retired male workers of the French Asbestos-Related Disease Cohort (ARDCO) completed self-questionnaires that included SF-36v2 and HAD scales, questions about their perception of asbestos (perceived dangers and level of exposure, expectations to fall ill, or knowing someone who is) and their respiratory symptoms. Asbestos exposure was assessed by industrial hygienists. A perceived risk score was created using factorial analysis. Multivariable regressions were performed for all SF-36 subscales.Results: A total of 1266 of 2075 questionnaires (61%) were returned complete and included in analysis. After adjustment for potential confounders, an increase in perceived risk score resulted in a decrease in physical component summary score (PCS), up to 10.7 points (p = 0.048) and in mental component summary score (MCS) (p = 0.044). Presence of respiratory symptoms was also associated with significantly decreased PCS and MCS (p < 0.001). Poor HRQoL was linked to higher perceived risk score with p ≤ 0.01 for all SF-36 dimensions. Asbestos exposure assessed by an expert was not associated with any outcome.Conclusions: All dimensions of HRQoL appear to be affected by the perceived risk of incurring asbestos-related disease and respiratory symptoms
Trophic transfer effects of PS nanoplastics and field-derived nanoplastics in the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea
No full textInternational audiencePlastic pollution is of global concern. Many studies investigated the effect of micro and nanoplatics towards aquatic organisms. However, relatively few studies were assessed on freshwater organisms. Another aspect of this pollution is the impact of trophic transfer on plastic distribution and on food chain in order to evaluate its potential risk towards environmental and human health. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological impacts of different types of nanoplastics (NPs) on freshwater organisms exposed through trophic transfer. Freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus were contaminated for 48 h with realistic concentrations of NPs (0.008, 10 and 100 mu g/L). Two types of NPs were tested: commercial PS NPs and NPs generated from macro-sized plastics collected in the field (ENV NPs). Freshwater Corbicula fluminea bivalves were then fed with the contaminated algae every 48 h for 21 days. Results showed that trophic exposure led to the induction of oxidative stress (CAT activity). Overall, NPs trophic exposure caused downregulations of genes implicated in many cellular processes (immunity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, endocytosis, apoptosis). This present study allowed to demonstrate the relevance of investigating the trophic transfer effects of NPs on a freshwater trophic chain. Further studies should focus more on larger levels of the food chain
A multi-scale integrative approach to study the impact of a common pesticide, the dimethoate, on a mangrove fiddler crab Tubuca urvillei
No full textInternational audienceAt land-sea interface, mangroves are likely to be exposed to pesticides due to agricultural run-offs. In Mayotte Island (Comoros archipelago, Mozambique Channel), dimethoate (DMT) is found in high concentrations in tomatoes, but no data confirm its presence in mangroves. We aimed at screening the presence of DMT in three mangroves of Mayotte at different levels (highest point above crops, village, upstream mangrove, downstream mangrove) and assessing the impact of DMT coupled with reduced salinity on mangrove crab physiology. To do so, we performed 24-h exposures at sublethal concentrations (10 and 100 µg L−1) corresponding to 100 × and 1000 × the environmental standard (no data exist on environmental concentrations), in seawater (SW) and diluted SW (dSW). We exposed male fiddler crab Tubuca urvillei, one of the most common fiddler crabs living in mangrove areas regularly flooded and exposed to agricultural run-offs. Different physiological endpoints were considered: behaviour, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, muscle energy metabolism, DNA oxidative damage and osmoregulatory capacity using hemolymph samples, posterior gills and claw muscle. We confirmed the presence of DMT in one mangrove and the effect of pesticide exposure at the different endpoints. Changes in behavioural and physiological parameters highlighted in this study could warn us of recent pesticide use upstream and help us understand past or future community-level changes in mangrove ecosystems affected by pesticide inputs
La qualité nutritive du biofilm pour évaluer les effets d’une contamination complexe : le cas de la Cleurie
No full textNational audienceEn France, de nombreux cours d'eau présentent des cocktails complexes de pesticides à des concentrations parfois proches des normes de qualité environnementale (NQE). Mais les indicateurs biologiques actuellement mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la directive-cadre européenne sur l'eau (DCE) ne permettent pas toujours de révéler les effets de ce type de pression complexe avec des effets subtils (pression faible épisodique, récurrente) ou indirects (effets trophiques…). Des indicateurs plus sensibles doivent donc être développés pour statuer sur les effets toxiques potentiels et évaluer leurs conséquences sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Parmi les indicateurs envisagés, la qualité nutritive du biofilm phototrophe constitue une piste de travail prometteuse. Ainsi, tout facteur pouvant changer la qualité d’une ressource alimentaire est en mesure de modifier en retour les traits d’histoire de vie des consommateurs et donc leur fitness. Cet indicateur a donc été testé dans le cadre de la caractérisation des effets potentiels de la contamination complexe (glyphosate, AMPA, azurants optiques, …) d’origine industrielle observée depuis plusieurs années dans un petit cours d’eau Vosgien de tête de bassin versant forestier (La Cleurie). Pour ce faire, des échantillons de biofilms ont été collectés dans la Cleurie le long du gradient de contamination (stations en amont et aval de la zone des rejets) à différentes saisons. Leur qualité nutritive effective a été évaluée au laboratoire en préparant des rations alimentaires standardisée (pastilles d’agar enrichies en biofilm) qui ont permis d’alimenter des gammares (Gammarus fossarum). Après 35 j, différents traits d’histoire de vie des gammares ont été estimés (survie, croissance, taux d’alimentation). Nos résultats indiquent que les biofilms collectés immédiatement en aval des rejets industriels peuvent impacter négativement le développement des consommateurs. De plus, cet effet était moins marqué pour les biofilms collectés plus en aval, suggérant une qualité nutritive proche de celle des biofilms collectés en amont des rejets.Nos résultats confortent donc l’intérêt de l’utilisation de la qualité nutritive des biofilms pour caractériser les effets parfois subtiles, car indirects, des contaminants sur les écosystèmes aquatiques