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The Spatial Spread and the Persistence of Gene Drives Are Affected by Demographic Feedbacks, Density Dependence and Allee Effects
No full textInternational audienceHoming gene drive alleles bias their own transmission by converting wild‐type alleles into drive alleles. If introduced in a natural population, they might fix within a relatively small number of generations, even if they are deleterious. No engineered homing gene drive organisms have been released in the wild so far, and modelling is essential to develop a clear understanding of the potential outcomes of such releases. We use deterministic models to investigate how different demographic features affect the spatial spread of a gene drive. Building on previous work, we first consider the effect of the intrinsic population growth rate on drive spread. We confirm that including demographic dynamics can change outcomes compared to a model ignoring changes in population sizes because changes in population density can oppose the spatial spread of a drive. Secondly, we study the consequences of including an Allee effect and find that it makes a population more prone to eradication following drive spread. Finally, we investigate the effects of the fitness component on which density dependence operates (fecundity or survival) and find that it affects the speed of drive invasion in space and can accentuate the consequences of an Allee effect. These results confirm the importance of checking the robustness of model outcomes to changes in the underlying assumptions, especially if models are to be used for gene drive risk assessment
Strong and Engineerable Optical Anisotropy in Easily Integrable Epitaxial SrO(SrTiO 3 ) N Ruddlesden–Popper Thin Layers
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Optical anisotropy is a key property for numerous photonic devices. However, bulk anisotropic materials suitable for such applications remain relatively scarse and are often challenging to synthesize as thin films. Additionally, the optical losses as well as the complex structuration of anisotropic metamaterials hinder their integrability in photonic devices. Based on ellipsometry measurements coupled with reflectance, it is demonstrated here that Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) SrO(SrTiO 3 ) N phases (STO‐RP N ), epitaxial thin films composed of a SrTiO 3 lattice periodically interrupted by one SrO atomic plane every N unit cells, exhibit pronounced dichroism and birefringence over a broad spectral range. Notably, this anisotropy is tunable by adjusting the RP order N. In contrast to most other anisotropic materials reported in the literature, STO‐RP N thin layers can be fabricated using industry‐standard growth processes. As it can be epitaxially grown on Si and GaAs using SrTiO 3 templates, the work paves the way for their compact integration on these photonic platforms
A psychoacoustic assessment for enhancing the sound quality of vibrating composite panels
No full textInternational audienceVibrating composite panels are widely used in airplanes, vehicles, and high-speed trains, where noise comfort is required. Optimizing their design requires integrating psychoacoustic assessments alongside vibroacoustic analysis. The research presents a psychoacoustic framework to enhance the sound quality of composite panels while maintaining their structural efficiency. Hence, vibroacoustic models previously validated through vibroacoustic laboratory experiments for various composite panels subjected to mechanical and diffuse acoustic excitations, were used to synthesize the sounds radiated from the panels. The framework required to validate the models perceptually. This ensured the synthesized sounds were perceived by listeners as equivalent to the recorded ones. A psychoacoustic paired-comparison test between recorded and synthesized sounds was conducted to perceptually assess the modeling. Next, the sound quality of composite panel designs was investigated. Hence, synthesized sounds of designs were evaluated through another psychoacoustic test and a preference analysis. The preference analysis identified optimal designs, correlating preferences with psychoacoustic indices, like loudness, and mechanical properties such as stiffness-to-mass ratio and damping. This integrated approach ensures that the resulting designs enhance the sound quality and meet structural performance requirements
European Test Symposium Teams : an Anniversary Snapshot
No full textInternational audienceThe IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS) has been facilitating progress in electronic systems testing since its launch in 1996. On the occasion of its 30th anniversary, this collaborative paper gathers sections by 21 ETS teams to outline their influential ideas and milestones. Each team’s section highlights historical perspective, current research, frameworks and projects as well as forward-looking research agendas in the area of electronic-based circuits and systems testing, reliability, safety, security and validation. This anniversary summary documents how research of various ETS teams, exemplifying the test community, has been evolving and transitioning from concepts to practical standards and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools and flows. This legacy is a strong base to drive the next generation of advances in electronic systems testing
Recherche de references sensorielles dans des collections de documents multimodaux issus de fonds patrimoniaux
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4-tangrams are 4-avoidable
No full textInternational audienceA tangram is a word in which every letter occurs an even number of times. Thus it can be cut into parts that can be arranged into two identical words. The of a tangram is the minimum number of required cuts in this process. Tangrams with cut number one corresponds to squares. For , let denote the minimum size of an alphabet over which an infinite word avoids tangrams with cut number at most~. The existence of infinite ternary square-free words shows that . We show that , answering a question from Dębski, Grytczuk, Pawlik, Przybyło, and Śleszyńska-Nowak
Team INSAntive at SemEval-2025 Task 10: Hierarchical Text Classification using BERT
No full textInternational audienceWe propose a BERT-based hierarchical text classification framework to address the challenges of training multi-level multi-class text classification task. As part of the SemEval-2025 Task 10 challenge (Subtask 2), the framework performs finegrained text classification by training dedicated sub-category classifiers for each top-level category. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for such a task
Low-Frequency Magnetic Incremental Permeability For Case-Hardening Non-Destructive Evaluation
No full textInternational audienceCarburization improves steel's surface hardness and wear resistance. Low-frequency magnetic incremental permeability (LF-MIP) is a non-destructive technique suited for assessing carburization treatments. While LF-MIP's correlations with carburization depth are already established, they are mainly qualitative. This study introduces a novel method to predict hardness profiles using LF-MIP characterization. Experimental and simulation data are combined into a reference chart for post-processing usage. Validation with blind tests shows predictions within 6% relative Euclidean distance of destructive tests across various treatment intensities, demonstrating the method's effectiveness
Recommander pour soutenir l'exploration urbaines et le partage d'expériences entre étudiants internationaux
No full textInternational audienceL'intégration des étudiants internationaux, essentielle à leur inclusion sociale et à leur apprentissage, est souvent freinée par divers obstacles. Si les outils numériques, notamment les applications de découver-te et de documentation, peuvent soutenir ce processus, leur efficacité dépend d'une appropriation réfléchie. Cet article présente un système de recommandation personnalisé, conçu pour accompagner les étudiants internationaux dans l'utilisation d'une application d'exploration urbaine et de partage d'expériences. En offrant des suggestions contextuelles, ce système encourage une exploration active et une meilleure compréhension de l'environnement local, renforçant ainsi leur intégration sociale et culturelle. Une évaluation empirique a révélé une amélioration de la qualité narrative, de la compréhension du contexte local ainsi que de l'expression émotionnelle des étudiants. Ces résultats soulignent le rôle des systèmes de recommandation pour enrichir l'apprentissage contextuel et faciliter une intégration réussie, éléments fondamentaux pour le bien-être et la réussite académique des étudiants internationaux
Token and Span Classification for Entity Recognition in French Historical Encyclopedias
No full textNamed Entity Recognition (NER) in historical texts presents unique challenges due to non-standardized language, archaic orthography, and nested or overlapping entities. This study benchmarks a diverse set of NER approaches, ranging from classical Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) and spaCy-based models to transformer-based architectures such as CamemBERT and sequence-labeling models like Flair. Experiments are conducted on the GeoEDdA dataset, a richly annotated corpus derived from 18th-century French encyclopedias. We propose framing NER as both tokenlevel and span-level classification to accommodate complex nested entity structures typical of historical documents. Additionally, we evaluate the emerging potential of fewshot prompting with generative language models for low-resource scenarios. Our results demonstrate that while transformer-based models achieve state-of-the-art performance, especially on nested entities, generative models offer promising alternatives when labeled data are scarce. The study highlights ongoing challenges in historical NER and suggests avenues for hybrid approaches combining symbolic and neural methods to better capture the intricacies of early modern French text