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Semantic Interoperability Masterclass: From Foundational Principles to Interactive Knowledge Cartography
No full textInternational audienceIn the contemporary digital landscape, achieving semantic interoperability is a key challenge for enterprise collaboration, knowledge sharing, and system integration. This masterclass explores a holistic and innovative approach, combining enterprise architecture (ArchiMate), domain ontologies (OWL), product and process models, and AI-enhanced service architectures into a unified, interactive and composite hyper-modeling framework. By leveraging semantic cartography, participants will learn how to explore knowledge, information, data, and services in a flexible and interconnected manner, supporting decision-making in networked enterprises
The Future of Attention Models: Convergence of Deep Learning with Artificial and Human Attention
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter intends to provide some directions for future research in the crucial endeavor of understanding and modeling human attention from both physiological and computer science perspectives.In addition to only providing new attention models, the chapter provides some cues on the role of attention towards autonomy and a more general and “curious” AI. In that perspective, we stress the importance of working on the convergence of the different communities needed to achieve links between deep learning, artificial attention, and human or animal attention implying computer science, machine learning, computational attention, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience. A better integration of those different domains is crucial for both a better understanding of machines but also of ourselve
Réalisation d'une analyse du cycle de vie d'un système pile à hydrogène
No full textCette étude présente et analyse les impacts environnementaux associés à la fabrication et à l'utilisation d'un système à pile à hydrogène de 48 kW, en s'appuyant sur les principes de la méthode normée d'Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV).International audienceCette étude présente et analyse les impacts environnementaux associés à la fabrication et à l'utilisation d'un système à pile à hydrogène de 48 kW, en s'appuyant sur les principes de la méthode normée d'Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV). L'objectif est d'identifier et d'évaluer ces impacts en fonction des composants et des matériaux, tout en discutant des enjeux méthodologiques associés. Les résultats montrent que la pile à combustible (stack) est le principal contributeur au changement climatique, avec un impact représentant 65 %, contre respectivement 21 % pour la batterie et 14 % pour les auxiliaires.La comparaison de l'inventaire du stack avec une base de données issue de la littérature révèle des différences méthodologiques pouvant entraîner des écarts allant jusqu'à 41 % en termes d'émissions de dioxyde de carbone équivalent (CO₂ eq). Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d'une harmonisation des pratiques en ACV. L'étude intègre également une première approche de la phase d'utilisation, fournissant une base pour de futures évaluations couvrant l'ensemble du cycle de vi
Suivi temporel de la mouillabilité et de la chimie de surfaces d’acier inoxydable 316L texturées par laser femtoseconde
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Bridging local and global explanations of tree ensemble predictions using co-clustering of SHAP values
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FlexPhys: A Workshop Cookbook for Operationalizing Data Physicalization Research Questions
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce FlexPhys, a cookbook that researchers can use to operationalize data physicalization research questions through workshop design. While guidelines exist for running workshops in educational contexts, designing a data physicalization workshop when the goal is to answer research questions is an ad-hoc process for which little guidance exists, but for which many choices must be made (e.g., in terms of materials, tools, and data). We draw from our experience designing data physicalization workshops and from reviewing three existing workshops, to distill the cookbook's core ingredient (context and goal) and eight additional ingredients related to making (material, tool, technique), data encoding (data type, variable, mark/unit), and interactivity (interaction, sensory modality). We then show how FlexPhys can be used to describe and compare physicalization workshops, and to generate workshops that address specific data physicalization research questions
Nanostructuration and Interfacial Effects on the Properties of Ferroelectric HfZrO2 Thin Films
No full textInternational audienceFluorite-structure ferroelectrics, such as (Hf,Zr)O2 (HZO) thin films, offer advantages over conventional perovskite-structure ferroelectrics and are studied for use in Ferroelectric Random Access Memories (FeRAM) [1]. Research aims to stabilize the ferroelectric phase (f-phase) and meet industrial requirements. While previous studies suggested that amorphous films crystallize into the f-phase during annealing, direct evidence was lacking.This study investigates HZO thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. By varying sputtering chamber pressure, both amorphous and crystalline films were obtained at room temperature. Only amorphous films crystallized into the f-phase after rapid thermal annealing [2,3]. Two architectures, mesa (M) and non-mesa (NM), were then fabricated, consisting of Si/TiN/HfZrO2/TiN/Pt stacks. Electrical measurements using the PUND sequence revealed distinct behaviors between the samples [4]. Both architectures achieved high remanent polarization (Pr), comparable to atomic layer deposition samples. However, during cycling, NM-samples exhibited greater Pr increase but lower endurance, while M-samples performed better under low stress. These differences arose from micro-crystalline structures influenced by stress states during annealing. GIXRD analysis revealed monoclinic phases in NM-samples but not in M-samples, highlighting the role of TiN electrode coverage in shaping stress and crystallization patterns.Further investigation into electrode/HZO interfaces confirmed their significant impact on HZO ferroelectricity, especially in ultra-thin films [5]. Precise control over interface quality enabled enhanced ferroelectric properties, with double remanent polarization ~40 µC/cm². These findings mark progress toward high-performance, ultra-thin HZO films for applications like ferroelectric tunnel junctions in brain-inspired computing.References: [1] JPB Silva, et al., APL Materials, 2023, 11 (8); [2] J Bouaziz, et al., APL Materials, 2019, 7 (8); [3] R Cervasio, et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2024, 16 (3); [4] J Bouaziz, et al, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2019, 1 (9); [5] G Segantini, et al, Advanced Electronic Materials 2023, 9 (10
The “fish bones galleries” of Lyon, France: combining archaeological and geological 3D modelling to understand a mysterious ancient underground structure
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Galloping control of transmission lines using nonlinear absorbers
No full textInternational audienceThe nonlinear passive control of galloping oscillations of a single span of a transmission line is studied. Different dynamics of the system, with and without a coupled nonlinear absorber, around one of its arbitrary natural frequencies are detected leading to tracing equilibrium points of the system as a function of the velocity of the wind. This method permits to understand the effects of the nonlinear absorber on the galloping oscillations. Some existing experimental data on the cable without the absorber are confronted with the analytical predictions for having deeper vision about the phenomenon. Then, a finite element model of the system has been developed which takes into account the self-excited nature of the line due to aeroelastic effects. A nonlinear absorber has been design based of analytical developments and its efficiency in galloping control of the line is studied via finite element modeling of the system