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Chronic cadmium exposure promotes TRPM7-dependent acquisition of a myofibroblast-like phenotype in pancreatic stellate cells
No full textInternational audienceCadmium (Cd) is a metallic pollutant which has been classified as a possible pancreatic carcinogen. Cd uses similar ion channels than divalent cations to accumulate into the cells. These include the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 7 (TRPM7) which has been also shown as a biomarker of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic carcinogenesis is associated with the establishment of a fibrous stroma induced by pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation. Although several stress factors have been identified as activators of PSCs, the impact of pollutants, particularly Cd, is still unknown. Here, we chronically exposed human PSCs to Cd and we observed that Cd-exposed cells acquired a myofibroblast-like phenotype. Moreover, TRPM7 expression and activity were upregulated following Cd exposure. Both TRPM7 inhibition by silencing or NS8593 treatment prevented the Cd-induced PSC cell migration indicating that TRPM7 regulated PSC activation. We used a model of indirect co-culture to study the impact of PSC on MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell migration. Interestingly, we showed that Cd-exposed PSCs stimulated MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell migration to a greater extent than non-exposed PSCs. TRPM7 inhibition in PSCs abolished the migration of cancer cells. Finally, in a mouse model with the KRASG12D mutation inducing spontaneous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, Cd exposure aggravates collagen deposition in fibrotic areas showing high α-SMA and TRPM7 expressions. In summary, our study showed that Cd exposure upregulates TRPM7 leading to PSC activation and aggravation of precancerous pancreatic fibrosis in viv
Les appauvrissements consentis par l'appauvri
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction aux appauvrissements consentis par le débiteur 7Partie 1. – L’appauvrissement pour un avantage évident. 11Chapitre 1. – La contrepartie d’opérations marchandes. 11Section 1. – Le paiement d’un bien ou d’un service obtenu_ 11Section 2. – Le paiement d’actes futurs ou rétractables. 34Chapitre 2. – La rémunération d’une relation de travail 45Section 1. – Les rémunérations de base du travail. 45Section 2. – Les sommes accessoires de la rémunération_ 63Partie 2. – L’appauvrissement sans avantage apparent. 75Chapitre 1. – L’intention libérale envers autrui 76Section 1. – L’intention libérale dans un contrat. 76Section 2. – La libéralité par engagement unilatéral. 86Chapitre 2. – Les redevances et frais au service public 95Section 1. – Le coût d’avantages imaginés gratuits. 95Section 2. – Les frais de scolarité et de santé parfois dus 100Les questions sur le contenu du livre_ 105Introduction et chapeaux 105Chapitre 1. – Les questions sur la contrepartie d’opérations marchandes 108Chapitre 2. – Les questions sur la rémunération d’une relation de travail 140Chapitre 3. – Les questions sur l’intention libérale envers autrui 164Chapitre 4. – Les questions sur les redevances et frais au service public 175Chapitre 5. – Les questions sur l’ensemble des chapitres du livre_ 183Table des matières 271Fin du livret 27
Fostering energy transition and transport fluidity in European port cities
No full textEurope as a whole is often regarded as a frontrunner in the domain of port-city sustainability, thanks to a wide set of international, national, and local initiatives. This paper is a review of local initiatives that are either individual (single port city) or collective (partnerships among several port cities), in the domains of energy transition and transport fluidity. We find that individual initiatives concentrate in northern Europe, in the largest ports, and at a few southern ones like Valencia or Marseilles. Conversely, collective actions are more concentrated in the south, including mostly small and medium-sized port cities, through projects financed by the European Commission. Besides, we show that port-urban congestion and PM2.5 pollution concentrate in the demographically and logistically largest port cities, which also dominate container throughput rankings and have the highest number of initiatives. We discuss the imperatives of ensuring a better regional balance across the continent and its port-city hierarchy
Sommeil, activité physique et santé mentale chez 361 chefs d'entreprise français : une étude descriptive transversale
No full textInternational audienceRecent studies revealed that more than half of French business leaders are at risk of burnout. They sacrifice sleep, physical activity and often work over 60 hours weekly. Poor sleep and lack of exercise contribute to major health issues in general population. To date, no study explored the variations in health status among business leaders across different types and sizes of companies. This study aims to assess health among French business leaders, focusing on sleep quality, physical activity, anxiety, and stress levels across their different organizational contexts. We hypothesized that hierarchical positions and level of responsibility was associated with severity of health issues. 361 business leaders (158 women/203 man) agreed to complete questionnaires including: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, Global Anxiety Disorder and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RStudio software was utilized for descriptive statistics and analyses. Results revealed that 67.3% of them have poor sleep, 47.8% are highly stressed, and 22.5% have very low levels of physical activity. Women exhibit worse mental health and top leaders of small enterprise experience more stress, practice less physical activity and have poorer sleep The findings underscore the need for targeted health promotion strategies for leaders that take into consideration sex and organizational context
Le parkour et le skateboard, des ressources territoriales pour les politiques touristiques urbaines ? Études de cas en France et en Belgique.
No full textInternational audienceResearch binding action sports to sports tourism or urban tourism focuses on mountain activities and surfing, but very little on urban sports outside of the event prism. The goal of this article is to partially fill this gap. Our aim is to understand how the tourism institutional stakeholders use two urban sports, skateboarding and parkour, to attract visitors to their territory. To complement the work showing that these activities are similar to tourism, we use the territorial resource framework. We conducted an interview survey with fourteen officials and elected representatives linked to tourism in six French and Belgian cities. Our results show that while almost all of these actors are familiar with and interact with the skateboarding and parkour scene, they do little to integrate it into urban tourism policy, but more to city branding. These urban sports are therefore not fully activated as territorial tourism resources in the cities investigated. Finally, we identify two spatial tipping points for their activation: the form of their integration into the city branding strategy; and recognition of the symbolic value of local spots.Les travaux liant les action sports au tourisme sportif ou urbain s’intéressent aux activités de montagne et au surf mais, hors du prisme événementiel, très peu aux sports urbains. L’ambition du présent article est de combler partiellement cette lacune. Nous cherchons à y comprendre comment les acteurs institutionnels du tourisme se saisissent de deux sports urbains, le skateboard et le parkour, en matière d’attractivité sur leur territoire. Pour compléter les travaux montrant que ces activités ressemblent au tourisme, nous retenons la grille de lecture de la ressource territoriale. Nous avons mené une enquête par entretiens auprès de quatorze acteurs institutionnels en lien avec le tourisme, de six villes françaises et belges. Nos résultats montrent que si presque tous ces acteurs connaissent et interagissent avec les milieux du skateboard et du parkour, ils les intègrent peu dans la politique touristique urbaine, mais plus dans le marketing territorial. Ces sports urbains ne sont donc pas des ressources territoriales touristiques pleinement activées dans les territoires investigués. Nous identifions finalement deux points de bascule de nature spatiale pour leur activation : la forme de leur intégration dans la stratégie de marketing territorial ; puis la reconnaissance de la valeur symbolique des spots locaux
Biocidal, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Angelica spp. Cultivated on Contaminated Soils
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigated the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the essential oil (EO) distilled from Angelica archangelica L. seeds grown on trace element (TE)-polluted soil, within a phytomanagement context. The effects of soilpollution and mycorrhizal inoculation on EO composition and its antifungal,herbicidal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed. Thechemical composition of the EO, predominantly β-phellandrene, α-pinene, α-phellandrene, and β-myrcene, remained stable regardless of mycorrhizalinoculation, although it was slightly affected by pollution. While antioxidant activitywas moderate, the EO exhibited promising anti-inflammatory potential comparedto other EO, suggesting its application in health-related products. Furthermore, theEO demonstrated antifungal activity, notably against Zymoseptoria tritici (IC50: 21mg·L⁻¹), a major wheat pathogen, and inhibited Fusarium culmorum , F.graminearum, and Phytophthora infestans growth. It also reduced wheat infectionby Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) by 40%. Additionally, the EO showedherbicidal effects on ryegrass (IC50: 144 mg·L⁻¹), indicating its potential as anatural pesticide alternative. Overall, A. archangelica EO produced on TE-contaminated soils retains desirable chemical and biological properties, supporting its potential for various non-food applications
The impact of supply and demand driven oil price uncertainty on the cost of bank loans
No full textInternational audienceWe study the effect of supply and demand-induced oil price uncertainty on the cost of debt for a sample of US loans credited during the 1990 to 2019 period. We estimate oil price uncertainty following Jurado et al.’s study, whereby oil price uncertainty is captured by forecasting the unpredictable fluctuations of oil prices. Interestingly, our findings reveal that oil price uncertainty induced by supply shocks increases cost of credit, while oil price uncertainty driven by demand shocks decreases the cost of bank loans. In further analysis, the positive association between supply induced oil price uncertainty and interest loan spread is more pronounced for major users of oil, while the negative effect of demand driven oil price uncertainty on the cost of bank loans is stronger for firms that belong to industries that produce oil. Overall, our findings feed into the emerging discussion of the differentiating effects of oil price uncertainty on micro-level outcomes and provide useful implications for both bankers and borrowing firms. JEL Classification: G20 - Financial Institutions and Services: General; Q41 - Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices; Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconom
Adaptive sampled walk : A simple and efficient autonomous local search
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce and explore the automation and adaptation of partial neighborhood local search. Unlike traditional approaches requiring extensive parameter tuning, we design our approach to operate with minimal prerequisites. Specifically, we extend the sampled walk and ID walk algorithms by using distance-based calculations over a sliding window to determine the number of neighbors to evaluate at each step. To validate their performance, we empirically evaluate these parameter-free methods on four challenging combinatorial optimization benchmark problem classes from the literature, comparing them against fixed-parameter versions across multiple values. Our experiments show that, despite their simplicity, generic nature, and absence of parameters, these approaches achieve robust and competitive results across diverse problems-including different solution representations, neighborhood structures, and fitness landscape characteristics-thus validating the viability of generic autonomous local search methods
La science-fiction dans les organisations innovantes, une nouvelle mode managériale
No full textInternational audienceCet article introductif vise à présenter dans un premier temps l’origine mythanalytique de la science-fiction institutionnelle. La légitimation de l’imaginaire est en effet à l’origine de méthodologies variées comme le design fiction , le design spéculatif ou le science-fiction prototyping , qui ont contribué à présenter la science-fiction comme utile à la prospective. Si le design fiction est issu du design, la science-fiction contribue à obtenir des résultats dans de nombreuses disciplines, et notamment dans les sciences de gestion. L’article étudie plus spécifiquement de quelle manière les dystopies peuvent contribuer à l’anticipation et à la prévention des menaces. Ainsi, ces approches de la créativité sont considérées comme une nouvelle mode managériale. Les articles de ce numéro permettront d’aborder dans un premier temps comment les organisations sont représentées dans la science-fiction, notamment chez Philip K. Dick et dans les techno-thrillers. Puis, l’utilité de ces récits pour les sciences du comportement et pour le management est envisagée. Enfin, deux exemples de science-fiction institutionnelle sont analysés
Des causes environnementales au relèvement du tributum en 43 av. J. C. ?
No full textInternational audienc