Archive Ouverte INSA Lyon
Not a member yet
75807 research outputs found
Sort by
Retour d’expérience avec un jeu-débat pour sensibiliser à l’IA pour la surveillance sanitaire
No full textNational audienceL'importance de l'Intelligence Artificielle dans la société, et des décisions qui lui sont déléguées (accès aux formations supérieures, détermination de peines de prison, conduite autonome de véhicules, etc) nécessite d'éduquer la population à ses enjeux. Tout le monde ne peut pas avoir une connaissance technique précise sur l'IA, mais comme souligné par l'UNESCO, il est essentiel que la population ait une compréhension basique du fonctionnement de ces algorithmes pour choisir en connaissance de cause de les utiliser ou pas. Pour cela nous avons développé un jeu sérieux à destination des lycées, sous la forme d'un débat citoyen ayant pour but de choisir une solution d'IA pour contrôler une épidémie. Cet article présente un retour d'expérience de l'utilisation de ce jeu en classe. Nous décrivons le fonctionnement d'une séance, les résultats qualitatifs et quantitatifs des premières sessions animées, ainsi que les biais et limites de cette activité
PREFIGS : Préfigurer une transition écologique juste
No full textLe projet Prefigs (PRécarité Écologie Futur Imaginaires orGanisations Savoirs) est un programme de recherche-action participative visant à intégrer les expériences de vie précaires dans la construction, par le bas, d’une transition écologique juste, entendue comme une transformation radicale, démocratique et socialement émancipatrice de la société. Pendant deux ans, quatre collectifs socialement mixtes ont enquêté sur des problématiques concrètes (mobilité rurale bas carbone, alimentation durable accessible, habitabilité des quartiers populaires) et conçu des solutions locales (covoiturage, caisse alimentaire, jardins partagés, animations et œuvre collective), soutenues par des partenariats institutionnels. Ces expérimentations ont permis d’explorer les tensions sociales relatives à l’écologie et les manières de les contourner en vue de faire de la transition écologique juste un référentiel d’action publique
An Ultra-low-loss Compact Phase-Change Material-based Hybrid-mode Interferometer for Photonic Memories
No full textInternational audienceWe propose a novel hybrid mode interferometer (HMI) leveraging the interference of hybridized TE-TM modes in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide integrated with a GeSe phase change material (PCM) layer. The SOI waveguide's dimensions are optimized to support the hybridization of the fundamental transverse magnetic () and the first higher transverse electric () mode. This design allows for efficient and nearly equal power coupling between these two modes, resulting in high-contrast interference when starting from the amorphous PCM state. The PCM's phase transition induces a differential change in the modal effective index, enabling high-contrast transmittance modulation. Our numerical simulations demonstrate a multilevel transmission with a high contrast of nearly 14 dB, when the amorphous region's length is varied incrementally, enabling multi-bit storage. The transmittance is maximized in the fully crystalline state with an insertion loss below 0.1 dB. The HMI can also operate as a quasi-pure phase shifter when partially amorphized, making it suitable for Mach-Zehnder interferometers. These characteristics make the proposed device a promising candidate for applications in photonic memories and neuromorphic computing
Impact of Long‐Term Fasting on Skeletal Muscle: Structure, Energy Metabolism and Function Using 31 P/ 1 H MRS and MRI
No full textInternational audienceBackground Fasting shows promise for public health, but concerns about muscle loss hinder its acceptance, particularly among the elderly. We explored the impact of long‐term fasting (12 days, 250 kcal/day) on muscle structure, metabolism and performance. Methods We prospectively assessed muscle volume, composition, relaxometry data and lipid metabolism in 32 subjects (16 men; 50% over 50 years old) before fasting, at the end of fasting and 1 month post‐fasting. Techniques included high‐resolution 3D Dixon MR imaging, multiecho CSE and single‐voxel MR spectroscopy. Dynamic 31 P‐MRS, quantitative MRI, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) measurements and exercise testing (VO 2 peak) were repeated throughout the protocol. Results Although the average body weight loss was 5.9 kg (7.4%, p < 0.001), the skeletal muscle volume change measured on the right calf muscle was 271 mL (5.4%, p < 0.001). This closely aligns with expected losses of glycogen (1%–2%) and bound water (3%–4%), estimated to total 404–505 mL. MVC (anaerobic lactic metabolism) remained preserved in both thighs and calf muscles, regardless of sex or age. Unchanged T2 showed that fasting did not induce structural or inflammatory changes. MRI/MRS revealed fat redistribution among tissues, with subcutaneous fat decrease (by 417.2 cm 3 , p < 0.01) and total fat fraction increase (by 0.2%, p < 0.05) in muscle. The intramyocellular lipid pool increased by 2.2 times ( p < 0.05), whereas the extracellular lipid pool decreased to 1.4 times ( p < 0.05), revealing rapid lipid trafficking and adaptation. During fasting, the T2* value increased by 1.2 ms ( p < 0.001), likely because of changes in the configuration of intracellular lipid droplets, with an increased proportion of lipid droplets of smaller size, optimizing accessibility of lipid fuels and mitochondrial FA. Exercise testing (VO 2 peak) showed no change in maximal oxygen uptake, but fat oxidation improved with a 10% decrease in the exercise respiratory exchange ratio ( p < 0.001). Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and PCr resynthesis rates in muscle were maintained. Females improved their mitochondrial function by D + 12, with τPCr decreasing to 29.61 s ( p < 0.01), surpassing males and demonstrating better fat oxidation capabilities. Conclusions Long‐term fasting did not alter muscle metabolism or performance, nor induced structural or inflammatory changes. The decrease in muscle volume is minor when accounting for glycogen and water depletion during fasting. Fat is relocated to the intracellular compartment of myocytes. Both anaerobic and aerobic metabolic pathways remain unchanged after 12 days of fasting in both sexes and older subjects. This suggests that human muscles, like those in animals, have evolved to withstand seasonal food shortages and endure long fasting periods
Assessment of the sheetlet thickness in human left ventricular free wall samples using X-ray phase-contrast microtomography
No full textInternational audienc
e-FRAN-Transfert: Des orientations scientifiquement consolidées
No full textProgress report on the 9 projects of the e-FRAN-Transfer action included in France 2030, led by Mission Monteil with ANR as operator.Rapport d'étape des 9 projets de l'action e-FRAN-Transfert inscrite dans France 2030 pilotés par la Mission Monteil avec l'ANR comme opérateur
Development and multiscale characterization of sensible/sorption bimodal heat storage for cooling tower applications
No full textUmm al-Quwain 2, un site d'habitat et une nécropole aux Emirats arabes unis
No full textInternational audienceThis volume examines the Neolithic period in Eastern Arabie, focusing on the coastal of UAQ2 in Umm Al Quwain, United Arab Emirates. Bosed on years of excavations and surveys conducted by the French Archaelogical in the UAE, it explores how coastal sites lived and adapted between the 8th and the 5th Millenia before present. The book highligts the unique features of UAQ2, including its well preserved stratigraphy, which also provides insights into settlement patterns, substance strategies and burial practicies. These findings offer a detailed understanding of how these communites sustained themseleves through fishing, huntingh, and herding. The site contains one of the oldest known graveyard in the Arabien Gulf, revealing evidence of inter-group vlolence and symbolic practices linked to to ancient pearling traditions. In addition to examinig local practises, this monograph places UAQ2 withing broader regional networks. It explores connections with Mesopotamia, demonstated by Ubaid pottery, and links with the Sultanate of Oman, reflected inshare material culture and technologies. These interactions underline the UAE's significant place in regional exchange during the Neolithic. The study also considers the impact of environnemental changes on human mobility and settlement, including the effects of aridification and schifting coastal landscape. By integrating archaeological and enviromental analyses, this book enhances our understanding of the Neolithic and its place within the the wider prehistoric world.Ce livre porte sur le Néolithique en Arabie orientale, en se concentrant sur le site côtier d'UAQ2 à Umm Al Quwain, aux Émirats arabes unis. S'appuyant sur les résultats d'années de fouilles et de prospections menées par la mission archéologique française aux Émirats arabes unis, on y explore la manière dont les populations côtières ont vécu et se sont adaptées entre le 8e et le 5e millénaire avant notre ère dans la région. L'ouvrage met en lumière les caractéristiques uniques d'UAQ2, notamment sa stratigraphie bien préservée, qui apporte des informations précieuses sur les modes d'occupation du territoire, les stratégies de subsistance et les pratiques funéraires. Ces découvertes offrent un éclairage nouveau sur la manière dont les communautés subsistaient grâce à la pêche, la chasse et l'élevage. Le site comporte l'une des plus anciennes nécropoles connues du Golfe Persique, révélant des témoignages de tensions intergroupes et de pratiques symboliques liées aux traditions perlières. Outre l'étude des pratiques locales, cette monographie situe UAQ2 au sein de réseaux régionaux. Elle explore les liens avec la Mésopotamie, mis en évidence par la céramique Obeid, comme les liens avec le Sultanat d'Oman, reflétés par un partage de la culture matérielle et des technologies. Ces interactions soulignent le rôle important des Émirats arabes unis dans les échanges régionaux au Néolithique. L'étude porte également sur l'impact qu'ont eu les changements environnementaux sur la mobilité des populations (effets de l'aridification et de de la transformation du paysage côtier). En intégrant les résultats d'analyses archéologiques et environnementales, cet ouvrage enrichit notre compréhension du Néolithique et de sa place dans le monde préhistorique
Vessel recovery using ultrasound localisation microscopy: An in silico comparative study between minimum variance and delay-and-sum beamformers
No full textInternational audienceThe use of particle localisation and tracking algorithms on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) or other ultrasound mode image data containing sparse microbubble (MB) populations, can produce super-resolved vascularization maps. Typically such data stem from conventional delay and sum (DAS) beamforming that is used widely in ultrasound imaging modes. Recently, adaptive beamforming has shown significant improvement in spatial resolution, but its value to super-resolution image analysis approaches is not fully understood. The in silico study here evaluates the performance of combining minimum variance beamformers (MV BF), established to provide improved lateral resolution, compared to DAS BFs with single particle detection. The isolated effect of a range of simplified image-affecting factors such as flow profile, pulse length, noise, vessel separations and data availability is considered. The study aims to assess the vessel recovery performance using the different beamformers and investigate the link with MB detection and localisation. The MV BF was shown to provide improved microvessel position accuracy compared to conventional DAS BFs. In particular, vessel separations between 0.3-4 λ provided superior localisation uncertainty with the MV. In addition, for a separation of 0.36λ, vessel recovery was achieved with both methods but the use of MV eliminated artifacts that appear as additional vessels. These results were found to be linked to improved MB detection and localisation for the MV BF, which is proposed as suitable for testing in Ultrasound Localisation Microscopy (ULM) imaging using patient data.</div