Portail HAL de l'Université Picardie Jules Verne
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How to promote spider diversity of heathlands: impact of management intensity
No full textInternational audienceHeathland health is deteriorating across Northwestern Europe due to various threats which commonly are the result of global change drivers and inadequate management. Varying traditional management practices have been modified to counteract this development, all of which have inevitable trade-offs in terms of promoting associated biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services. These trade-offs are mainly between low (low biomass/soil removal) and high (large biomass/soil removal) intensity management practices. Here we analysed the impacts of low (mowing) versus a newly developed high intensity (scarification, i.e. mowing with subsequent moss removal) management practice on spider diversity, as an excellent bioindicator for habitat quality shifts due to environmental change. We sampled spiders at 15 plots, 5 replicates of the two management practices each, as well as 5 unmanaged controls in the Lüneburg Heath, Northern Germany, one year after the management was implemented. No spider species showed aversion to mowed plots likely due to the increased habitat heterogeneity provided by mowing, while spider abundance and functional richness responded negatively to the increased homogeneity induced by scarification. However, scarification benefited some critically endangered specialists such as Psimmitis sabulosa due to their preference for high bare soil cover. Therefore, managing heathlands with a mosaic of mowed and scarified patches could likely promote spider diversity and protect threatened species while limiting negative effects on functional diversity. Since our results apply to the effect of management on spider biodiversity only one year after the management has been implemented, future research should focus on how these effects change over time
Integration of lithium-ion battery recycling into manufacturing through digitalization: A perspective
No full textInternational audienceThe lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) industry has expanded quickly despite technological constraints. Additionally, raw materials supply, end-of-life (EoL) management, and the creation of LIB manufacturing policies are receiving attention. All these concerns could be addressed simultaneously by integrating recycling of EoL cells from the early stages of the LIB manufacturing. This article presents perspectives on how to achieve this holistic integration through the means of digitalization. Various challenges of LIB recycling, and different digitalization tools are discussed, shedding light on the latter's potential applications and outcomes. Through the use of the discussed tools to create advanced Digital Twins, it would be possible to screen different recycling processing conditions and materials to achieve higher efficiency, increased safety, at a lower cost. In this regard digitalization of the recycling process for LIB cells, emerges as the key for achieving a collaborative, sustainable, and efficient battery value chain in the European Union. Lastly, in the view of the growing LIB market, this article is thought to be of interest for recycling stakeholders as they move towards a more circular economy model
P0439 Ultrasound transmural healing reduces the risk of relapse in Crohn’s disease patients with endoscopic mucosal healing: results of a prospective study
No full textInternational audienceBackground The STRIDE II guidelines recognize endoscopic healing as one of the main therapeutic targets in Crohn’s disease (CD). Nevertheless, transmural healing could reduce the risk of long-term complications. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of long-term complications in CD according to the degree of endoscopic and ultrasound healing. Methods We conducted a prospective study that included all patients with CD in clinical remission who underwent colonoscopy with endoscopic healing (CDEIS <4) and intestinal ultrasound (IUS) within 4 weeks between September 2019 and September 2022. IUS transmural healing was defined by a parietal thickness < 3 mm on all digestive segments (colonic and ileal) without colour doppler signal. The primary endpoint was CD relapse, defined as the need for drug intensification, initiation of corticosteroid therapy, CD-related hospitalization, development of a perianal and luminal fistula or abscess, or the need CD-related bowel surgery. Patients were followed up at least every 6 months for two years. Results A total of 93 patients were included, the majority of whom were women (53%) with ileocolic location (43%). The median disease duration was 12 years (IQR, 4-19) and 71% patients were treated with anti-TNF. Ultrasound transmural healing was observed in 73% (68/93) of patients. After a median follow-up of 22.5 months [IQR, 19.3-23.7], relapse was significantly higher among patients without IUS transmural healing (48% vs. 18% p = 0.007). Relapse rate at 6 and 12 months were significantly higher among patients without IUS transmural healing (22% vs. 9% and 22% vs. 13%; p = 0.019). In multivariate analysis, the risk of relapse was 5 times higher without IUS transmural healing (HR 5.5 (2.1-14.2) p < 0.001). Conclusion IUS transmural healing was associated with a lower risk of relapse among patients with endoscopic healing and could be considered as a non-invasive therapeutic target in CD
Effectiveness and safety of intravenous lidocaine in the analgesic management of acute pancreatitis: A retrospective study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Intravenous (IV) lidocaine has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Its use has never been evaluated for analgesia for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IV lidocaine in the management of AP resistant to weak opioids.Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective, monocentric study between January 2015 and December 2021 that included consecutive patients with (i) AP and (ii) pain resistant to non-opioid and weak-opioid analgesia (tramadol) (iii) treated with IV lidocaine. The effectiveness of the treatment was defined as a decrease in the numerical pain scale (NPS) of at least one point from the initiation of lidocaine and the absence of a need for opioid analgesia (morphine or oxycodone).Results: In total, 154 patients were included. The patients were predominantly male (69 %), with a median age of 48.5 years [37.0; 58.0]. The main etiology of AP was alcoholic (36 %), and necrotizing AP was observed for 69 % of patients. Lidocaine was continuously administered at a dose of 2 g/24 h. Lidocaine treatment was effective for 88.3 % of patients (136/154). The median score on the NPS before the administration of lidocaine was 8.0 [7.0; 9.0] and significantly decreased to 5.8 [4.5; 7.0] by day 1 (p < 0.001). No factors were associated with lidocaine failure. Two (1.3 %) patients experienced lidocaine-related adverse events, including skin rash and dysgeusia, and no severe adverse events were observed.Conclusion: IV lidocaine administration appears to be effective and safe for patients with AP with pain resistant to weak-opioid analgesia. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results
Relationships Between Immune‐Inflammatory Features and Social Cognitive Impairments in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), particularly patients with schizophrenia, have social cognitive impairments characterized by difficulties in emotion recognition, the ability to attribute mental states, explaining the causes of events, and identifying and utilizing social cues. These impairments appear from early life and are associated with poor functional and social prognosis. The origin of these impairments is not fully understood. The inflammatory hypothesis is one of the pathophysiological hypotheses of schizophrenia. Inflammatory marker abnormalities are also present in the early stages of schizophrenia and are associated with neuronal degeneration. Following our main hypothesis, the aim of this work was to conduct a review to explore the relationship between social cognition and inflammatory markers in SSD. Methods The review included original studies reporting measures of social cognition and plasma levels of inflammatory markers in patients with SSD using the Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases. The PRISMA methodology was followed. Results Eleven studies were selected and analyzed. They showed significant correlations between plasma cytokine levels and theory of mind and facial emotion recognition abilities. Conclusion The correlations do not seem to be specific to social cognitive impairments, but our results support the hypothesis of a link between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory markers and cognition in SSD. In the future, other studies should be conducted to clarify this link from a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective: identification of inflammatory trait factors and patient subgroups and personalized anti‐inflammatory therapies
Le petit livre du normativisme
No full textInternational audienceLe normativisme, issu des travaux du théoricien du droit Hans Kelsen, est sans aucun doute l'avatar du positivisme juridique le plus souvent nommé. Pourtant, les travaux de Kelsen demeurent finalement peu connus. Pire, sa théorie du droit est caricaturée, sans correctement reprendre les linéaments ni de la pensée kelsénienne, ni des nombreuses évolutions subséquentes.Cet ouvrage vise à éclairer le lecteur sur la réalité du normativisme, et spécifiquement du normativisme contemporain, en revenant sur ces concepts fondamentaux comme la hiérarchie des normes ou la norme fondamentale. Le normativisme est resitué dans le contexte des positivismes, et expose les thèses contemporaines du normativisme sans s'ancrer dans la pensée de Kelsen et en montrant spécifiquement ses dépassements.L'ouvrage donne également des illustrations concrètes de la richesse d'une analyse normativiste du droit à travers des exemples concrets et détaillés, permettant au lecteur de se faire une opinion éclairée sur ce qu'est le normativisme
Metaverse For Battery Manufacturing: Connecting Students From Different Geographical Locations To Solve Battery Manufacturing Problems In The Virtual Reality Space
No full textInternational audienceLaboratory practices are essential to prepare students and professionals to drive future innovations in the field of energy storage and conversion. However, universities and industries working in the battery field encounter challenges such as effective training on battery production complexities, mostly due to the lack of access to battery prototyping facilities or the limited availability of battery manufacturing pilot lines for training purposes. This Concept introduces an innovative educational platform in Virtual Reality (VR) named Battery Manufacturing Metaverse (BMM). BMM promotes accessibility and collaborative learning of Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) manufacturing through an interactive and flexible VR representation of a LIB manufacturing pilot line. It enables collaboration among individuals from different geographical locations. Users can explore electrode and cell chemistries and adjust manufacturing parameters with informative feedback from a cell’s composition to the functioning of the manufacturing equipment. BMM does it with real‐time collaboration using avatars and voice chat. This platform aims to connect university students of i‐MESC, an Erasmus+ MSc. Program, enabling seamless knowledge sharing and training. BMM represents a transformative step in battery research and education, offering an immersive, interactive environment without geographical barriers to pave the way towards global education and safe training in the energy sector
Effect of different composts on the dynamic of soil organic pollutants, microbial network interactions and multifunctionality in an urban garden made from a former brownfield
No full textInternational audienceBrownfield requalification in urban areas can enable their ecological reclamation by improving their ecosystem services. In this perspective, their transformation into urban farms is underexplored due to the potential risks associated with pollutants transfer into vegetables and their low soil functionality. The current study aims to improve soil quality based on the principles of circular economy and to assess the transfer of organic pollutants into vegetables produced in an urban farm built from a former brownfield. For this purpose, locally available composts made from manure, leaves and fragmented rameal wood (FRW) were applied to a plot of a brownfield being converted into an urban garden in Roubaix (France). Thereafter, mixed vegetables (carrot, onion, radish, zucchini, potato, and chard) were cultivated for six months. After harvest, soil microbial communities were studied using metabarcoding of 16S RNA gene and ITS region, along with the dynamic of organic pollutants (petroleum hydrocarbons, dioxins/furans) in the soils and the produced vegetables. Globally, our results showed that the concentrations of these pollutants in vegetables were similar to those of vegetables originating from non-contaminated soils. Compost applications shaped the composition of soil bacterial communities and improved soil total metabolic activity and richness. Furthermore, amendment with manure and FRW composts improved the proportion of positive interactions between fungal and bacterial communities, suggesting more bacteria-fungi facilitation for SOM decomposition and nutrient recycling. Consistently, the calculated ecosystem service metrics and the soil quality index (T_SQI) showed a higher efficiency for FRW compost, demonstrating a relationship between soil microbial network characteristics and functioning
À l’école des humanistes: Pédagogies de la Renaissance, entre manuscrit et imprimé
No full textInternational audienceCet ouvrage s’intéresse au rôle joué par l’émergence du livre imprimé dans les pratiques pédagogiques à la Renaissance. Il scrute également la persistance de l’écriture manuscrite ou son développement sous de nouvelles formes. Une vingtaine de chercheurs explore ainsi des écrits de maîtres des xve et xvie siècles, des notes de cours ou annotations d’élèves et étudiants. La première partie mène l’enquête à partir des fonds précieux de la Bibliothèque Humaniste de Sélestat et de Beatus Rhenanus. Puis la réflexion s’ouvre à des pédagogues de l’Europe entière, qui se consacrent à l’enseignement des studia humanitatis, mais aussi de l’équitation ou de la danse. Enfin, le propos se concentre sur des professeurs et des élèves d’exception. Le volume s’achève avec une anthologie bilingue d’une dizaine de dialogues pédagogiques. Écrits en latin par Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples, Mathurin Cordier et Juan Luis Vivès, ils permettent de réfléchir à la place de « l’oral scriptural » dans la pédagogie humaniste
Uncovering the link between kynurenic acid pathway and kidney failure
No full textInternational audienceIntroductionRecent studies have focused on some uremic toxins, in particular those derived from tryptophan, as potential modifiable risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The kynurenine pathway is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolizing the tryptophan, resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine and kynurenic acid (KA) by the aminoadipate aminotransferase. We aimed at evaluating the association of serum KA levels and KA/kynurenine ratio (as indicators of aminoadipate aminotransferase activity) with kidney failure.MethodsThe CKD-REIN study is a prospective cohort of CKD patients having an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Baseline samples of uremic toxins were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique. Cause-specific Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios for our outcome. The kidney gene expression of the kynurenine pathway was evaluated in 5/6 nephrectomy CKD mice and adenine-diet CKD mice under nephroprotective low protein diet (5% w/w).ResultsOver a median follow-up period of 5 years, 608 out of the 2 406 patients progressed to kidney failure. A 2-fold increase in serum KA levels and KA/kynurenine ratio were respectively associated with a 22% and 20%-increase in the hazard of kidney failure after multiple adjustments. In mouse model, positive correlation was found between aminoadipate aminotransferase expression and fibrosis-related genes and kidney fibrosis. A low-protein diet was associated with a decrease in aminoadipate aminotransferase expression in the kidney as well as in inflammatory and fibrosis markers.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the kynurenine pathway is associated with kidney failure, and that the inhibition of aminoadipate aminotransferase and the subsequent reduction of KA accumulation is a promising target to mitigate kidney disease progression