Portail HAL de l'Université Picardie Jules Verne
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References to food in the letters of Jews interned in the Drancy camp in France during the Second World War
No full textInternational audienceThis study is embedded within a broader interdisciplinary research framework examining the functions of writing under conditions of war and extreme deprivation. It is based on an analysis of letters written by Jews interned in the Drancy internment camp in France during the Occupation. The study draws on a corpus of 300 letters preserved at the Mémorial de la Shoah. The analysis presented here reflects the contribution of one of the groups composed of psychologists and historians. Food emerged as a focal theme of the research because of its frequency in the corpus and its relevance for understanding how the external context of deprivation shaped the ways in which internees expressed their needs. The analysis highlights the multiple functions of food references, revealing variations in authors’ intentions, modes of expression, and affective tone. These findings show that references to food operate not only as indicators of material deprivation, but also as key sites where biological need, emotions, and relational dynamics are negotiated through writing. Finally, this study opens methodological perspectives by suggesting avenues for further analysis of other themes within the corpus and for continued interdisciplinary exploration of writing as a psychological resource in contexts of internment and extreme violence
Machine Learning Prediction of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Accurate identification of liver fibrosis stage is crucial in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Liver biopsy is invasive, and commonly used non-invasive tests (NITs) such as FIB-4, liver stiffness mesaurement (LSM), and Agile 3+ do not always provide sufficient accuracy. Machine learning (ML) models may improve fibrosis assessment by integrating routinely collected clinical data.Methods: We developed ML models using a training cohort of biopsy-proven MASLD patients, including 22 clinically relevant variables such as LSM. Internal validation was performed using a 25% random test split across five MICE-imputed datasets, while external validation was carried out in three independent cohorts from different centers. The models included FT-Transformer, TabNet (with and without LSM), and two ordinal models (MLP-CORAL and CoralTabNet). Binary tasks focused on detecting F≥3, F≥2, and F4, and we also evaluated multiclass staging from F0 to F4.Results: For F≥3, FT-Transformer and TabNet achieved AUCs of 0.860 and 0.855, with very small grey zones (8.2% vs 8.4%), outperforming FIB-4 (0.756; p<0.001) and LSM alone (0.837; p<0.001), but not Agile 3+ (0.847; p=0.12). For F≥2, FT-Transformer and TabNet reached AUCs of 0.800 and 0.794, exceeding FIB-4 (0.713; p<0.001) and LSM (0.775; p<0.001), but not Agile 3+ (0.794; p=0.548). For F4, they achieved AUCs of 0.834 and 0.831, again outperforming conventional NITs. In the multiclass setting, MLP-CORAL showed the best agreement with biopsy (QWK = 0.616). Models without LSM performed consistently worse across all tasks. When comparing FT-Transformer and TabNet with LSM, the two models showed similar performance across all binary fibrosis tasks, with no statistically significant differences. Findings were confirmed in all three external validation cohorts, with stable AUROC values and minimal grey zones.Conclusions: ML models, particularly FT-Transformer, that integrate routine clinical variables perform better than commonly used NITs for fibrosis assessment in MASLD. They reduce uncertainty, improve staging accuracy, and provide an efficient, widely applicable alternative to biopsy in routine clinical care
Effets d’un dispositif de formation basée sur l’usage de la vidéosimulation dans la formation initiale des enseignants du primaire aux pratiques inclusives
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Des esprits qui m'appellent sur mon téléphone ?: Raisonnement analogique sur la culture numérique à Mayotte, dans une perspective psychologique culturelle
No full textInternational audienceCet article discute du concept de culture numérique à travers deux des piliers de la culture mahoraise, l'islam et les dialogues avec les êtres invisibles (notamment les Djinn). Après un état des lieux de l'arrivée des médias à Mayotte et ses implications en termes de transformations sociétales, nous effectuons un métissage tridisciplinaire, associant des travaux en sciences de l'information et de la communication, des travaux en psychologie et en anthropologie, pour réaliser une analogie entre les usages et la culture numérique et le fonctionnement des êtres invisibles. Nous discutons alors de ce format de pensée et de cette méthode analogique, et proposons d'enrichir la notion de culture numérique avec une perspective pluridisciplinaire de la psychologie culturelle. Les implications à l'école et en formation sont envisagées
Assessment of the influence of environmental factors on the energy yield of a PV/T plant
No full textInternational audiencePhotovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collectors can deliver electricity and useful heat from the same surface, but their output is strongly shaped by outdoor conditions, so their electrical and thermal outputs are driven by several weather factors acting at the same time. In this paper, we analyse a rooftop PV/T system operating in Mediterranean summer conditions using a set of complementary tools, Pearson and Spearman correlations, pair plots, time-based maps, wind rose and polar plots, and a daily-peak analysis where wind vectors are overlaid on irradiance and temperature conditions. The results show that solar irradiance is the main driver of both electrical and thermal power, with correlation values of 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. Ambient temperature mainly increases together with irradiance during the day, but it still causes electrical losses; electrical power typically drops by about 5 to 10 W when ambient temperature rises from 300 to 315 K. Wind speed has a secondary stabilising role, while wind direction alone shows a weak linear link in this dataset, mainly because most recorded winds are below 4 m/s. Over the monitoring period, the system produced more than 1.1 MWh of heat, about 4.5 times the electrical yield. These findings underline the value of analysing climate effects in a coupled way and provide a basis for wind-aware modelling and control of PV/T systems in real operating conditions
Study of NSD2 using a dTAG system reveals their molecular mechanism and oncogenic implications in t(4;14) multiple myeloma
No full textInternational audienceThe H3K36me2 methyltransferase NSD2 is deleted in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and aberrantly expressed in 10-15% of multiple myeloma (MM) due to a t(4;14) translocation. Although NSD2 is thought to be a primary driver in MM, the exact molecular mechanisms by which it regulates transcription remain unclear. We applied the dTAG system to acutely degrade NSD2 and used this, in combination with time-resolved SLAM-seq, to identify 307 transcriptional targets of NSD2. Reconstitution with either wild-type NSD2 or a catalytically inactive mutant (NSD2Y1179A) showed that NSD2's transcriptional effects are almost exclusively dependent on its SET domain activity. Mechanistically, H3K36me2 deposition by NSD2 antagonizes H3K27me3 levels, and treatment with two distinct PRC2 inhibitors demonstrated that approximately half of NSD2 target genes are regulated in an H3K27me3-dependent manner. CUT&Tag analysis showed that upon NSD2 depletion there was an increase in H3K27me3 that occurred at genome-wide intergenic regions, rather than at the promoters or gene bodies of NSD2 target genes. These data suggest that NSD2, via H3K36me2, antagonizes H3K27me3 deposition likely at distal regulatory elements including enhancers, creating a chromatin landscape favorable for target gene transcription. Importantly, NSD2 target genes were enriched for key oncogenic pathways, and 24 transcription factors implicated in neurodevelopment and acute leukemia, consistent with its role in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and MM. Eight of these transcription factors are known oncogenic drivers in acute leukemia or MM, highlighting a novel molecular mechanism for NSD2's role in t(4;14) MM
A roadmap to key traits of invasive Drosophilidae.
No full textInternational audienceBiological invasions have intensified in recent decades, mostly driven by international trade and travel, raising significant concerns, particularly regarding insect pests. Once non-native species establish, they can disrupt natural ecosystem stability, undermine agroecosystem sustainability and cause substantial economic losses. The urgency to anticipate these socio-economic impacts has accelerated research into the traits and processes that predispose certain species to invasion success. Our review examines the factors contributing to invasion success, using the well-documented case of Drosophilidae as a model taxon given the extensive literature on this family. The invasion of Drosophila suzukii is the most well studied, yet it represents just one example among several Drosophilidae successful invasions, including those from the genera Drosophila, Scaptomyza and Zaprionus. Their traits and adaptive capacities have enabled them to overcome environmental barriers, facilitating their global spread and establishment. We first explore the selective forces acting on pioneer individuals and their ability to establish reproducing populations. We then analyse the roles of abiotic factors (through phenotypic plasticity, tolerance to thermal and water stress, synergies between multiple stressors) and biotic factors (through the exploitation of novel trophic niches, resistance to competition and predation, symbiont-mediated assistance) in shaping invasion success. A nuanced understanding of how these constraints interact is essential for predicting and managing the proliferation of invasive Drosophilidae and other non-native species. We propose that successful invasive species do not necessarily excel in one single trait but rather perform adequately across multiple traits and processes. In this review, we found support in the literature for 14 key traits and processes of Drosophilidae biology that facilitate a species' ability to become invasive and provide future perspectives to address critical knowledge gaps, paving the way towards a comprehensive understanding of invasion success
De la maison de retraite à l’EHPAD : mutations institutionnelles et enjeux psychiques du soin en fin de vie. Histoire, organisation et paradoxes du lieu de vie-soin
No full textInternational audienceThis article is the first in a series of four papers devoted to Établissements d’Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes (EHPAD, French long-term residential care facilities for dependent elderly adults). The first volume (I) analyzes the historical and institutional transition from the former “retirement/nursing home” to the modern EHPAD, highlighting the contemporary paradoxes inherent in the “living-care environment”: clashes between the home-like model and hospital-based approach, between security issues and freedom of movement, between managerial rationalization and the recognition of subjectivity. By integrating demographic data, legal frameworks, and assessment tools (AGGIR, PATHOS), the study examines their effect on the quality of life, the temporality of dying, and the psychic containment provided within institutions. The second paper will explore the subjective experiences of residents and their relatives — including transitions, consent, relational bonds, and loss. The third will propose a comprehensive approach to palliative care in an EHPAD, integrating psychological, social, and legal dimensions around the medical axis. The fourth will focus on clinical and organizational expertise within an EHPAD — addressing issues of sexuality, addictions, grief, behavioral disorders, and the environmental development of the living space. These interviews, undertaken and conducted by Professor Jean-Pierre Bouchard, a clinical psychologist, bring together a multidisciplinary group of professionals — clinical psychologists and researchers, a geriatrician and facility coordinator, a neuropsychologist and nursing home director, and a professor of private law and criminal sciences — offer a pluralistic, dialogical, and interdisciplinary perspective of the contemporary challenges in institutional care. Through a series of cross-disciplinary interviews, the reader is invited to explore the ethical, clinical, and existential complexity of palliative care in an EHPAD, examining how these institutions might once again become settings of life, relationships, and meaning, rather than mere systems of maintenance or dependency management. The authors advocate for the development — with the support of public authorities — of a genuine palliative culture of presence and relational care, centered on recognizing the individual in their vulnerability and desires. Grounded in the concept that subjectivity is at the very heart of care, this approach invites us to reimagine the EHPAD as a space of hospitality, where the elderly person remains a subject of history, memory, and temporality, even when faced with their own mortality.Cet article inaugure une série de quatre textes consacrés aux Établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD). Le présent volet analyse la trajectoire historique et institutionnelle allant de la « maison de retraite » à l’EHPAD, et met au jour les paradoxes contemporains du « lieu de vie-soin » : tensions entre modèle domiciliaire et logique hospitalière, entre sécurité et liberté d’aller et venir, entre rationalisation gestionnaire et reconnaissance de la subjectivité. En articulant données démographiques, cadre légal et outils de tarification (AGGIR, PATHOS), nous interrogeons leurs effets sur la qualité de vie, la temporalité du mourir et la contenance psychique au sein des institutions. Ces entretiens, entrepris et conduits par le Professeur Jean-Pierre Bouchard, psychologue clinicien, rassemblent un collectif pluridisciplinaire de professionnels — psychologues, médecin gériatre et coordonnateur d’établissement, neuropsychologue et directrice d’EHPAD, ainsi qu’une professeure de droit privé et de sciences criminelles —, proposent une lecture plurielle, dialogique et interdisciplinaire des enjeux contemporains du soin en institution. À travers une série d’entretiens croisés, le lecteur est invité à explorer la complexité éthique, clinique et existentielle de la prise en charge palliative en EHPAD, en interrogeant la manière dont ces lieux peuvent redevenir des espaces de vie, de relation et de sens, plutôt que de simples dispositifs de maintien ou de gestion de la dépendance. Les auteurs plaident pour le développement, avec le soutien des pouvoirs publics, d’une véritable culture palliative de la présence et du lien, centrée sur la reconnaissance du sujet dans sa vulnérabilité et son désir. Cette approche, fondée sur la subjectivité comme cœur du soin, invite à repenser l’EHPAD comme un espace d’hospitalité, où la personne âgée demeure sujet d’histoire, de mémoire et de temporalité
Bottleneck Size Manipulation through the Introduction of Large-Radius Alkali Ions in Na Sites of a NaSICON Solid Electrolyte: A Computational Proof of Concept
No full textInternational audienceNaSICON electrolytes, such as Na 1+x Zr 2 (SiO 4 ) x (PO 4 ) 3-x (NZSP), constitute promising candidates for solid-state battery (SSB) development. Research on such fast superionic conductors has primarily focused on two key phenomena acting specifically on Na + ion migration: (i) the Na-concentrationdriven modulation effect and (ii) the incidence of substitution. While numerous experimental and computational studies have established the fundamental role of concerted migration in ionic conduction, the precise influence of bottleneck size along with its dependence on NaSICON composition remains elusive. In view of participating in this research field and following an experimentally tested strategy, suggesting that the migration bottleneck can be expanded by partially substituting diffusing Na+ ions with larger-radius alkali elements, we investigated the impact of the introduction of such point defects (i.e. K + or Cs+ replacing Na + ) on structural and Na + diffusion aspects in the NZSP crystal structure. A proof of concept of the interest linked to this unconventional doping approach has been searched for. Theoretical investigations relying on density functional theory (DFT) and subsequent kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were involved to unravel interrelations between the ionic radius of the substituting ion and bottleneck sizes, structural changes, diffusion pathways, and ionic conductivity features. Apart from an opening of the bottleneck along the migration path as a common feature, a clear differentiation between both kinds of substituents was evidenced on various aspects, K-NZSP outperforming the undoped counterpart and effectively enabling the maximization of ionic conductivity in these envisaged NaSICON-type matrices. Furthermore, the identification-emerging from this study-of a critical bottleneck size in such systems may contribute to provide a further key clue and lead to well thought-out crystal chemical engineering of improved materials for this research area
Facile Synthesis and Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of Lead‐Free Layered Ruddlesden–Popper EA 2 CuCl 4 Hybrid Perovskite
No full textInternational audienceThe development of new, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly materials for solar energy conversion remains a significant challenge in materials science. In this work, we report the of lead‐free EA 2 CuCl 4 perovskite‐layered microstructures with a nanocrystalline nature via a facile and green antisolvent engineering method using isopropanol. Structural analysis by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the orthorhombic phase (space group Pbca) with high crystallinity. Nanocrystalline features were substantiated through Williamson–Hall (WH) analysis and the Debye–Scherrer (DS) approximation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a layered sheet morphology with lateral dimensions in the micrometer range, while energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed uniform elemental distribution and purity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the material remains thermally stable up to 200°C, with a total mass loss occurring around 518°C. Optical characterization showed a bandgap of 2.21 eV and distinct absorption features making the material well suited as a wide‐bandgap top absorber for green solar cell applications. This work presents a sustainable pathway for synthesizing copper‐based perovskites and paves the way for further research into their integration into photovoltaic devices, with potential improvements in device efficiency and long‐term stability