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Modern Monetary Theory: The Bolshevik experiment
No full textInternational audienceIn this article we present the monetary theory, known as the ‘Theory of the Emission Economy’, most fully formulated over a century ago by the Russian economist S. A. Falkner (1890–1938). It is strikingly reminiscent of Modern Monetary Theory. The Theory of the Emission Economy was put into practice soon after the October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution and ended in an inflationary catastrophe. Lenin himself, who at first shared its basic ideas, was eventually forced to support a monetary stabilisation based on the introduction of gold coins, the chervonets, that was completed in early 1924, and which ultimately resolved the monetary crisis along conventional monetary lines. This disastrous Bolshevik monetary experiment stands as a clear warning to modern MMT advocates who seek to implement it in a contemporary setting
Harnessing social media data to track species range shifts
No full textInternational audienceBiodiversity monitoring programs and citizen science data remain heavily biased toward the Global North. Especially in megadiverse countries with limited biodiversity records, incorporating social media data can help address existing data gaps. However, whether such data can significantly improve our understanding of range‐shifting species is still unknown. We tested whether social media data improved our knowledge of the range dynamics of a rapid range‐shifting butterfly, the tawny coster ( Acraea terpsicore ). We collated locality data from Flickr and Facebook and compared these with occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). We used species distribution models (SDMs) and niche assessments, which we calibrated with data from GBIF alone and both sources combined (GBIF and social media data) to analyze range shift dynamics. Social media data increased occurrence records by 35%, and the proportion of social media data was higher in countries poorly represented in GBIF. In addition, we obtained new distributional information from well‐represented countries (e.g., Australia and Malaysia). Over time, the SDMs calibrated with GBIF and social media data showed greater expansion rates than SDMs based solely on GBIF data. The niche assessments revealed that GBIF‐only data failed to capture regions with relatively low maximum temperature, relatively low precipitation and high elevation. Our results highlight the potential of harnessing social media data to track rapid biodiversity redistribution in response to climate change.Aprovechamiento de la información de las redes social para seguir los cambios en la distribución de las especies Resumen Los programas de seguimiento de la biodiversidad y los datos de la ciencia ciudadana aún están muy sesgados hacia el norte global. La incorporación de los datos de las redes sociales puede ayudar a subsanar las lagunas existentes en los datos, especialmente en países megadiversos con registros limitados de biodiversidad. Sin embargo, aún se desconoce si estos datos pueden mejorar significativamente la comprensión de las especies que cambian de área de distribución. Comprobamos si los datos de las redes sociales mejoraban el conocimiento de la dinámica de distribución de una mariposa ( Acraea terpsicore ) cuya de área de distribución cambia rápidamente. Recopilamos datos de localización de Flickr y Facebook y los comparamos con los datos de presencia de la Infraestructura Mundial de Información sobre Biodiversidad (GBIF). Utilizamos modelos de distribución de especies (MDE) y evaluaciones de nichos y los calibramos con datos de la GBIF y de ambas fuentes combinadas (datos de la GBIF y de las redes sociales) para analizar la dinámica de los cambios en la distribución. Los datos de las redes sociales aumentaron los registros de presencia en un 35%, y la proporción de datos de las redes sociales fue mayor en los países poco representados en el GBIF. Además, obtuvimos nueva información sobre la distribución de los países bien representados (por ejemplo, Australia y Malasia). Con el tiempo, los MDE calibrados con datos del GBIF y de las redes sociales mostraron mayores tasas de expansión que los MDE basados únicamente en datos del GBIF. Las evaluaciones de nichos revelaron que los datos exclusivos de GBIF no lograban captar regiones con precipitaciones máximas relativamente bajas y altitudes relativamente elevadas. Nuestros resultados ponen de relieve el potencial de aprovechar los datos de las redes sociales para realizar un seguimiento de la rápida redistribución de la biodiversidad en respuesta al cambio climático
Correction: BAG3-related myofibrillar myopathy: focus on its cardiac involvement
No full textInternational audienceMyofibrillar myopathy is a cause of rare and severe pediatric cardiomyopathies. Few descriptions of patients carrying the rare p. Pro209Leu variant in BAG3 and presenting with myofibrillar myopathy are reported in the literature. Most reports originate from neurological teams, while the cardiac phenotype remains poorly described, even though it is crucial for prognosis, as cardiac involvement can significantly influence patient outcomes. We focused on the cardiac phenotype associated with p. Pro209Leu variant in BAG3 and conducted a literature review. We report three patients with severe restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) including two with left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac symptoms appeared 7 [5–7.5] years after neurological onset and were predominantly right heart failure, with high NT-proBNP levels, and arrhythmic events (atrial flutter, ectopic atrial tachycardia). Cardiac MRI showed biatrial and left ventricular fibrosis. Prognosis was severe, with two deaths. In the reviewed cases, cardiac involvement was present in 76.9% and diagnosed at an early age of 11 [8.2–12.7]. Restrictive cardiomyopathy was the most prevalent phenotype (69.2%), followed by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (5.1%) and rare long or borderline QT interval (7.7%). Arrhythmias were observed in only one patient. Heart transplantation was performed in 11 patients at 13 [10.5–13.5] years, with some developing secondary neurological symptoms. Most patients lost ambulation, required ventilation support, and exhibited orthopedic involvement. Overall mortality was 30.7%, with sudden death being the most reported cause. The p. Pro209Leu variant in BAG3 is associated with progressive neurological and cardiac involvement, leading to a poor prognosis. Repeated cardiac screening is recommended in these patients and conversely, neurological progression should be monitored after transplantation in patients initially presenting with isolated RCM
P0432 Is Crohn’s Disease Location Stable Over Time? Findings from a Population-Based Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground It is commonly accepted that Crohn’s disease (CD) location remains stable over time when assessed using the Montreal classification. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a large population-based cohort, the risk of disease extension according to the Montreal classification as well as by individual colonic segments. Methods All patients diagnosed with CD before the age of 17 between 1988 and 2011, identified from a prospective population-based registry and who had undergone at least two colonoscopies, were retrospectively assessed until 2013. The cumulative probability of extension at 5 years was estimated (i) for each Montreal classification category (L1, L2, and L3), and (ii) by individual colonic segments. Patients were censored at the time of colonic surgery. The prognostic impact of colorectal extension was evaluated after propensity score matching for sex, age, follow-up duration, diagnostic period, disease location at diagnosis, and presence of perianal disease. Results Among 1007 patients diagnosed with CD, 707 had at least two colonoscopies (median follow-up 10.2 years [IQR, 5.7–15.3]). Ileal (L1), colonic (L2), and ileocolonic (L3) disease locations at diagnosis represented 16%, 26%, and 58% of patients, respectively. At 5 years, these proportions were 12%, 20%, and 68%. Among patients with ileal (L1) or colonic (L2) disease at diagnosis, the 5-year risk of extension to an ileocolonic (L3) location was 29% (95% CI [23%–35%]) (L1 to L3: 16% [8%–24%]; L2 to L3: 38% [29%–45%]). At 5 years, the cumulative probability of extension to at least one additional colonic segment was 32% [27%–36%], to the rectum 20% [15%–24%], and to pancolitis 17% [13%–20%]. Rectal extension (n = 118/399) was not significantly associated with an increased risk of perianal disease (HR = 2.0, 95% CI [0.4–10.9]). Extension to pancolitis (n = 131/524) was not associated with an increased risk of colectomy (HR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.1–5.5]). Conclusion In this population-based cohort of patients diagnosed with pediatric-onset CD, disease extension according to the Montreal classification occurred in nearly one-third of patients by 5 years. One-third experienced extension to at least one additional colonic segment, one-fifth to the rectum, and one-sixth to pancolitis. Conflict of interest: Richard, Nicolas: Grant: Pfizer Personal Fees: Abbvie, Janssen, Takeda, MSD, Biogen, Amgen, Sandoz, Fresenius, Gilead, Celgene, Galapagos, Mylan, Tillots, Ferring, Pfizer, Hospira, CTMA, Boehringer, Lilly, Arena Non-financial Support: Abbvie, Janssen, Takeda, MSD, Galapagos, Ferring, Pfizer Leroyer, Ariane: None Prof. Fumery, Mathurin: No conflict of interest Ley, Delphine: No conflict of interest Dupont-Lucas, Claire: No conflict of interest Bertrand, Valérie: No conflict of interest Guillon, Nathalie: No conflict of interest Gower Rousseau, Corinne: None Paupard, Thierry: No conflict of interest Coevoet, Hugues: No conflict of interest Wils, Pauline: No conflict of interest Sarter, Hélène: Nothing to disclose Savoye, Guillaume: Other: MSD, Ferring, Pfizer, Takeda, Vifo
P0867 Long-term effectiveness, safety, acceptability, and progression of bowel damage of switching from intravenous to subcutaneous infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases treated with intensified doses: The REMSWITCH-VLT study
No full textInternational audienceBackground In the REMSWITCH-VLT (Very-Long Term), we assessed the very long-term effectiveness (including endoscopic and transmural data), safety, acceptability, and progression of bowel damage after switching from IV to SC infliximab in IBD patients initially treated with standard or intensified IV regimens. Methods This multicenter prospective study enrolled consecutive IBD patients in clinical remission (partial Mayo score ≤ 2 or Harvey–Bradshaw Index ≤ 4) on IV infliximab. Patient follow-up was standardized, with data collected on the day of the switch to SC infliximab (corresponding to the theoretical date of the next IV infusion) (= V0), and for long-term follow-up visits at 6, 18, and 42 months (±3 months). Relapse was defined as a partial Mayo score > 2 or Harvey–Bradshaw Index > 4, or an increase in fecal calprotectin ≥ 150 mg/g from baseline (V0). Acceptability was assessed using a numerical scale from 0 to 10. Results A total of 133 patients were included (Table 1). Risk of relapse according to initial IV dose and interval is illustrated in Figure 1. Dose escalation to 240 mg every two weeks or 120 mg weekly recaptured clinical remission in 83.8% (31/37). No significant difference existed between the two intensification strategies (84.2% [16/19] vs 83.3% [15/18], p = ns). Serum infliximab levels increased after switching (p < 0.0001), except in patients previously receiving 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks. At last follow-up, only 3/133 patients (2.2%) had developed anti-infliximab antibodies ( >10 ng/mL). In multivariate analysis, patients previously treated with 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks (OR = 28.4 [5.5–144.2], p < 0.001) and 10 mg/kg every 6 weeks (OR = 5.4 [1.7–17.0], p = 0.003) had an increased risk of relapse at 42 months after switching to standard-dose SC infliximab (120 mg every 2 weeks). Overall, only 22/133 patients (16.5%) discontinued infliximab due to loss of response or intolerance at 42 months. No significant differences were observed according to prior IV dosing regimen. Rates of endoscopic remission and transmural healing under SC infliximab at 42 months were 72.9% (97/133) and 65.4% (87/133), respectively, and 92.4% (97/105) and 82.8% (87/105) among those still receiving SC infliximab at month 42. Only 3/133 patients (2.2%) showed progression of bowel damage, and none required surgery. Acceptability improved significantly after switching to SC infliximab (6.9 ± 1.6 for IV vs 8.6 ± 1.4 at 6 months; p < 0.0001) and remained stable over time (9.0 ± 1.5 at 42 months). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Switching from IV to SC infliximab is safe and well accepted in the very long term, resulting in low rates of clinical, endoscopic, and transmural relapse in IBD patients. Conflict of interest: Prof. Dr. Buisson, Anthony: Consulting fees from: Abbvie, AlfaSigma, Amgen, Arena, Biogen, Celltrion, CTMA, Ferring, Galapagos, Guty Care, Janssen, Hikma, Lilly, Mylan, Nexbiome, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda, Tillotts Lecture fees from: Abbvie, Alfa Sigma, Amgen, Biogen, Celltrion, Ferring, Galapagos, Hikma, Janssen, Lilly, Mayoli-Spindler, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda, Tillotts, Vifor-Pharma Research fundings from: Abbvie, Alfa Sigma, Celltrion, Janssen, Lessaffre, Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda Nachury, Maria: Abbvie, Alfa Sigma, Biosynex, Celltrion, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Takeda Bazoge, Maëva: No conflict of interest Yzet, Clara: No conflict of interest Wils, Pauline: No conflict of interest Dodel, Marie: No conflict of interest Banana Hamadidi, Amira: No conflict of interest Pereira, Bruno: No conflict of interest Fumery, Mathurin: Grant: Pfizer Personal Fees: Abbvie, Janssen, Takeda, MSD, Biogen, Amgen, Sandoz, Fresenius, Gilead, Celgene, Galapagos, Mylan, Tillots, Ferring, Pfizer, Hospira, CTMA, Boehringer, Lilly, Arena Non-financial Support: Abbvie, Janssen, Takeda, MSD, Galapagos, Ferring, Pfize
Les violences en périnatalité, regards historiques (XVIIe–XIXe siècle)
No full textInternational audiencePerinatal violence has been little studied for the pre-contemporary period, especially in terms of its impact on the mental health of mothers and children. This article examines the history of perinatal violence from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, highlighting the diversity of its forms and the difficulty of analysing them using current criteria. It shows that such violence was not limited to intentional acts but also included cultural practices and beliefs that were often internalised or normalised. Pregnant women were regarded as potentially harmful to the fetus through their emotions, while maternal mental disorders were initially attributed to women's nature before being linked to social factors. Women also experienced violence during childbirth, both in traditional and in medical settings. Newborns, for their part, were subjected to forms of care that would now be considered violent. Medical progress helped to reduce mortality but sometimes introduced new forms of constraint. Over time, changing attitudes led to a greater recognition of children's needs. This historical perspective thus sheds light on contemporary debates on “obstetric violence” and on the consideration of perinatal mental health, underlining the depth of the continuities and ruptures that shape current practices.Les violences en périnatalité ont été peu étudiées pour la période pré-contemporaine et sous l’angle de leur impact sur la santé mentale des mères et des enfants. Cet article analyse l’histoire des violences en périnatalité, du XVIIe au XIXe siècle, en soulignant la diversité de leurs formes et la difficulté de les appréhender avec nos critères actuels. Il révèle que cette violence ne se limitait pas aux actes intentionnels, mais incluait aussi des pratiques ou croyances culturelles, souvent intériorisées ou banalisées. Les femmes enceintes étaient considérées comme pouvant nuire au fœtus par leurs émotions, tandis que les troubles psychiques maternels étaient d’abord attribués à leur nature avant d’être liés à des facteurs sociaux. Les femmes subissaient également des violences lors de l’accouchement, tant par les pratiques traditionnelles que médicales. Les nouveau-nés étaient quant à eux soumis à des soins aujourd’hui jugés violents. Les progrès médicaux ont contribué à réduire la mortalité, mais ont parfois imposé de nouvelles contraintes. Progressivement, une évolution des mentalités a conduit à une meilleure reconnaissance des besoins de l’enfant. Cette perspective historique éclaire ainsi les débats contemporains sur les « violences obstétricales » et la prise en compte de la santé mentale périnatale, en soulignant la profondeur des continuités et des ruptures qui structurent nos pratiques actuelles
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐C*07:1226 Allele by Next Generation Sequencing
No full textInternational audienceHLA‐C*07:1226 differs from the HLA‐C*07:01:01:01 by one non‐synonymous nucleotide at position 2278 in exon 4
The composition of simonkolleite secondary phase with ZnO nano/micro rod array thin film during Co doping: Changes in morphology and shifts in charge carriers
No full textInternational audienceThe zinc oxide (ZnO) nano and micro rod arrays (N/MRAs) thin film has been grown in vertical and horizontal directions to the seed layer glass substrate, respectively under low and intermediate degrees of supersaturations. Following this, cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) is added to the ZnO precursor solution for Co doping. Initially, the physicochemical properties are changed in the deposited ZnO film up to 6 wt% Co-doping levels. However, when it comes to 10 and 15 wt% doping levels, the formation of layered simonkolleite hydroxide secondary phase is observed in the deposited film (XRD and EDX). This simonkolleite phase composition with ZnO film significantly change (i) morphological structure from N/MRAs to micro-plate (MP), and (ii) minority carrier into majority carrier (carrier concentration, 105.3 x 1011 cm-3 (hole) and mobility, 3.453 cm2 V-1 S-1) due to 2D structure composition and reducing oxygen defect state than the extrinsic acceptor defect states in the energy bandgap region, respectively
Au-decorated NdFeO3/g-C3N4 type II heterojunction photoanodes for enhanced hydrogen evolution: Integrated computational and experimental insights
No full textInternational audienceThe rational design of efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts remains a challenge for sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, we present a combined computational and experimental study on NdFeO3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions, determined through a systematic screening of perovskite/2D-material combinations. From a pool of eleven theoretically promising heterojunctions, NdFeO3/g-C3N4 type-II heterojunction was selected for in-depth analysis due to its favorable band alignment and anticipated charge separation properties. Both pristine and Au-decorated NdFeO3/g-C3N4 composites were synthesized and thoroughly characterized using various analytical tools. Our results reveal that the heterojunction exhibits an internal electric field at the interface, which suppresses charge carrier recombination. The incorporation of Au nanoparticles introduces ohmic contacts that drastically reduce the interfacial electron transfer resistance, thereby enhancing charge extraction efficiency. Photoelectrocatalytic measurements under standard AM1.5G solar illumination reveal a remarkable enhancement in hydrogen evolution activity, an 18-fold increase of hydrogen production is recorded for the Au(NFO0.9/g-CN0.1) composite relative to bare NdFeO3. These findings underscore the potential of integrating high-throughput computational screening with targeted synthesis to accelerate the rational design of next-generation type-II photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen generation
Tet2 deficiency promotes IgG1+ B‐cell expansion and differentiation blockade through deregulation of the Nfkbia –c‐Rel axis
No full textInternational audienceThe germinal center (GC) reaction is essential for orchestrating humoral immunity by producing plasma cells (PCs) and memory B cells (MBCs). TET2, an α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase, plays a critical role in B‐cell exit from the GC and in plasma cell differentiation. Moreover, TET2 functions as a tumor suppressor in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with mutations frequently observed in the ST2 DLBCL subgroup, which is marked by elevated NF‐κB and PI3K signaling and predominant expression of IgG B‐cell receptors (BCRs). We used a combination of in vivo mouse models and in vitro differentiation systems to investigate the effects of Tet2 deficiency on IgG1+ GC B‐cells. We performed flow cytometry, gene expression, and DNA methylation analysis to assess differentiation, proliferation, and molecular alterations. Tet2 ‐deficient IgG1+ GC B‐cells displayed impaired differentiation into both PCs and MBCs, accompanied by enhanced proliferation. These cells exhibited hypermethylation and repression of the Nfkbia locus, increased activation of the NF‐κB subunit c‐Rel, and sustained high levels of surface IgG1. Upon recall immunization, Tet2 ‐deficient IgG1+ MBCs failed to efficiently differentiate into PCs, resulting in their accumulation and further GC expansion. These findings demonstrate that Tet2 is essential for balancing proliferation and terminal differentiation of IgG1+ GC B‐cells during the humoral response. The impaired regulation of this balance due to Tet2 loss provides mechanistic insight into a contributory pathway that may facilitate DLBCL transformation in TET2 ‐mutated cases