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A Correct-by-Construction Checker for Validation of Railway Data
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of our work is the checking of requirements on data describing railway networks. We expose the design, the formal specification and an implementation of a program that checks such constraints, with a formal proof of correctness. That program is compiled into an executable code, linked together with some additional, non-verified code for input/output. It is experimented on significantly complex examples, showing that the efficiency of the checker is competitive with non-formally verified related tools
Identifying high-risk relapse in early-stage I to II ovarian cancer using the CA125 ELIMination rate constant K (KELIM) score: a Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup individual patient-data meta-analysis.
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Despite curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, a significant number of early stage I to II ovarian cancers relapse. The CA125 ELIMination rate constant K (KELIM) is a pragmatic indicator of tumor intrinsic chemosensitivity in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. We assessed the prognostic value of KELIM in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer, with respect to 5-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival, using the Meta-Analysis in Ovarian Cancer, which is the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup individual patient-data meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.Methods: Individual patient KELIM values were previously estimated in 5884 patients from the Meta-Analysis in Ovarian Cancer. The prognostic value of KELIM was assessed using univariable & multivariable analyses in patients with resected International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I and II disease.Results: Overall, 1143 patients were identified, including clear cell (46.7%); serous (23.7%); endometrioid (12.4%); and mucinous carcinomas (3.9%). In multivariable analyses, a favorable KELIM score (≥1.0) was associated with higher 5-year recurrence-free survival (68.3% vs 55.9%; HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.77) and 5-year overall survival (80.7% vs 72.8%; HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.68), as was the histological sub-type. In exploratory analyses, KELIM score was a prognostic factor regarding 5-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival across all sub-types (especially clear cell carcinoma and serous, with HR ranging from 0.45 to 0.63) with baseline CA125 ≥15 IU/L, except for mucinous histology.Conclusions: The pragmatic KELIM score is an independent prognostic factor in patients with a non-mucinous stage I to II ovarian cancer optimally resected and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. KELIM may help identify the patients at higher risk of relapse and death requiring closer follow-up or treatment intensification
The Recalibration Conundrum: Hedging Valuation Adjustment for Callable Claims
No full textInternational audienceThe dynamic hedging theory only makes sense in the setup of one given model, whereas the practice of dynamic hedging is just the opposite, with models fleeing after the data through daily recalibration. This is quite of a quantitative finance paradox. In this paper we revisit Burnett (2021) & Burnett and Williams (2021)’s notion of hedging valuation adjustment (HVA), originally intended to deal with dynamic hedging frictions, in the direction of recalibration and model risks.Specifically, we extend to callable assets the HVA model risk approach of Bénézet and Crépey (2024). The classical way to deal with model risk is to reserve the differences between the valuations in reference models and in the local models used by traders. However, while traders' prices are thus corrected, their hedging strategies and their exercise decisions are still wrong, which necessitates a risk-adjusted reserve. We illustrate our approach on a stylized callable range accrual representativeof huge amounts of structured products on the market. We show that a model risk reserve adjusted for the risk of wrong exercise decisions may largely exceed a basic reserve only accounting for valuation differences
Community Annoyance Due to Settleable Dust: Influential Factors in Air Pollution Perception
No full textInternational audienceSubjective assessments of air pollution annoyance reveal that individuals’ focus on specific risks is influenced by their attachment to place, beliefs, values, and behavior rather than the composition or toxic effects of air pollutants. Additionally, the social context plays a role in shaping how communities react to and perceive air pollution impacts. This study examines residents’ environmental perceptions regarding the effects of settleable particles before and after the interruption of a large industrial source in the southern region of Espírito Santo, Brazil (South America). A second objective was to model the relationship between air pollution annoyance and other perceived variables under both scenarios. Data were collected through surveys conducted before and after the interruption of the industrial plant. The Pearson chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression model analyzed the data. Results indicate a shift in residents’ concerns with a focus on social and well-being issues. We also found a small number of items relating to dust annoyance and home ownership that can be used to predict the air pollution impact for individual community members. The findings show that settleable particles are directly perceived by exposed populations and significantly affect community health and quality of life
Non-Aspergillus invasive mould infections in liver transplant recipients : a French national retrospective case-control study, 2007 to 2021
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: Non-Aspergillus invasive mould infections (IMIs) are emerging in immunocompromised patients and liver is the second most commonly organ transplanted worldwide. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective case-control (1:1) study of liver transplant recipients diagnosed with non-Aspergillus IMIs in France between January 2007 and December 2021. RESULTS: We identified 27/14,332 (0.18%) LT recipients with non-Aspergillus IMIs. Mucorales spp. (48%) were the most common pathogens, followed by Scedosporium spp. (14%), Fusarium spp. (14%), and other IMIs (25%). Lungs were the primary infection site, followed by soft tissues, abdomen, brain, sinuses, heart, and bone. Multivariate analysis showed that a MELD score > 20 prior to transplantation and primary antifungal prophylaxis (with echinocandins or fluconazole) tended to increase the risk of non-Aspergillus IMIs by nearly threefold ((aOR: 3.73, 95% CI [0.90-15.45], p = 0.07) and (aOR: 3.93; 95% CI [0.94-16.42], p = 0.06) respectively). The 6-month mortality rate was 55%. In a Cox survival model, non-Aspergillus IMIs were associated with a threefold increase in mortality risk ((HR: 3.82 [2.01-7.26] p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Non-Aspergillus IMIs are rare but highly fatal infections whose early diagnosis in high-risk liver-transplanted patients is essential. Whether or not recently available molecular tools for diagnosing non-Aspergillus IMIs will improve their prognosis in the liver transplantation setting remains to be studied
Neuroethical Issues in Times of Health Crisis. What Roles for Neurosciences, IA, Neurotechnologies?<strong> </strong>
No full textHow can neuroscience help everyone to live and care for our confined brains? Understanding and studying human behaviour allows us to measure the impact of such confinement on each of us and to identify those who need help. The challenges are to understand the psychological repercussions following confinement and to understand how neuroscience and neurotechnology can be very interesting tools for dealing with the health crisis. Neuroscience is changing our traditional philosophical and ethical views by providing information about the biological basis of our moral behaviour. The exception of the brain is at the heart of neuroethical thinking and discourse. Neuroethics is an interdisciplinary discipline placed at the intersection between the human sciences and the neurosciences, and aims to help understand how knowledge and research in neurosciences and neurotechnologies will affect the future of society, their impact on humans, relationships, daily life, the labour market ... but also how they can help and provide solutions and answers to the questions of citizens in a health crisis. But it's a double-edged sword, collecting and analyzing brain data in real time seems to be increasingly simple and within everyone's reach, without having the hindsight of the real meaning of these data, allowing one day to read people's thoughts, control them and manipulate them. It is becoming clear that the boundaries between medical and non-medical uses of neuroscience and neurotechnology are becoming very porous, inviting us to reflect on neuroethical issues in order to put safeguards on these uses
Towards Domain-Robust Activity Recognition using Textual Representations of Binary Sensor Events
No full textInternational audienceLanguage-based representations have recently emerged as a promising approach for cross-domain Human Activity Recognition (HAR) in smart homes, where binary sensor streams are verbalized into natural-language descriptions and processed by pretrained encoders. However, prior work has typically fixed both the textualization scheme and the text embedding model, leaving open how linguistic design choices influence transferability. This paper presents a comprehensive factorial analysis of textualization and embedding strategies for language-based HAR. We systematically vary (i) how sensor event windows are expressed-across seven existing and novel sequential and summarized textualizations-and (ii) how they are embedded using lexical (TF-IDF), static (Word2Vec), and contextual (SBERT) encoders. Experiments on four public smart-home datasets under consistent in-domain and cross-domain transfer conditions reveal that textualization design, not encoder complexity, governs performance. Sequential, event-ordered sentences maximize in-domain accuracy, while single-sentence, schema-based summaries-such as the proposed Compound Sensor Summary (CSS)-generalize best across homes. Clause-level ablations further show that event descriptions drive recognition, whereas explicit timing information can reduce robustness by overfitting to home-specific schedules. Overall, our findings establish a reproducible framework for analyzing and designing language-based representations in HAR, demonstrating that linguistic structure-rather than deep contextualization-is the primary determinant of domain robustness in smart-home activity recognition
Synthèse de nanosphères d'allophane bien définies
No full textInternational audienceWell-defined allophane nanospheres, with internal and external diameters of 3.0 and 3.9 nm, respectively, were successfully synthesized and characterized by cryo-TEM, SAXS, and IR spectroscopy. In addition, we propose a refined structural framework, clarifying the coexistence of open and closed imogolite-local structures, which are commonly grouped together under the term allophane.Des nanosphères d'allophane bien définies, avec des diamètres interne et externe de 3,0 et 3,9 nm respectivement, ont été synthétisées avec succès et caractérisées par cryo-TEM, SAXS et spectroscopie IR. Nous proposons un cadre structurel raffiné, clarifiant la coexistence de structures locales imogolite ouvertes et fermées, qui sont généralement regroupées sous le terme « allophane »
Euclid preparation. Non-Gaussianity of 2-point statistics likelihood: Precise analysis of the matter power spectrum distribution
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate the non-Gaussian features in the distribution of the matter power spectrum multipoles. Using the COVMOS method, we generate 100 000 mock realisations of dark matter density fields in both real and redshift space across multiple redshifts and cosmological models. We derive an analytical framework linking the non-Gaussianity of the power spectrum distribution to higher-order statistics of the density field, including the trispectrum and pentaspectrum. We explore the effect of redshift-space distortions, the geometry of the survey, the Fourier binning, the integral constraint, and the shot noise on the skewness of the distribution of the power spectrum measurements. Our results demonstrate that the likelihood of the estimated matter power spectrum deviates significantly from a Gaussian assumption on nonlinear scales, particularly at low redshift. This departure is primarily driven by the pentaspectrum contribution, which dominates over the trispectrum at intermediate scales. We also examine the impact of the finiteness of the survey geometry in the context of the Euclid mission and find that both the shape of the survey and the integral constraint amplify the skewness
Advanced insights into biomass burning aerosols during the 2023 Canadian wildfires from dual-site Raman and fluorescence lidar observations
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents lidar observations of long-range transported biomass burning aerosol (BBA) plumes from the exceptional 2023 Canadian wildfire season, recorded between May and September at the ATOLL observatory (France) and the GPI site (Russia). ATOLL operates a multi-wavelength Raman lidar with 3 polarization channels (355, 532 and 1064 nm) and a single fluorescence channel at 466 nm. GPI uses a fluorescence lidar with 5 broadband fluorescence channels excited by 355 nm. The dual-site dataset combines multi-wavelength elastic scattering and depolarization measurements with fluorescence observations, enabling a comprehensive characterization of BBA properties in the free troposphere (FT) and upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS). UTLS layers exhibit higher particle depolarization ratios, slightly lower lidar ratios, lower extinction- and backscatter-related Angström exponents, and a redshift in fluorescence spectral peaks. Cross-site comparisons show consistent fluorescence magnitudes and spectral shapes, highlighting the potential of coordinated multi-lidar fluorescence observations. Correlation analysis indicates that depolarization ratio, extinction-related Angström exponent, and fluorescence color ratio are moderately (r2 ≈ 0.61–0.68) correlated with layer altitude, however, this correlation is not sufficient to confirm a solid altitude dependence. It is likely that altitude is an intermediate variable linked to other controlling factors such as injection height of the plume, in-layer temperature and the plume origin. In addition, we observed BBAs showing no clear hygroscopic growth at RH of 90 %–100 % and statistically low RH values in the detected nearly 100 layers, suggesting aged BBAs, which were typically considered as hygroscopic, may have limited water uptake capability