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Engineering Highly Conductive COF-5-Based Architectures: A Strategy to Capitalize on Pore Structure for High-Performance Ion Storage
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Interactions between genetic predisposition to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk, and food or beverage intake for incident type 2 diabetes: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) InterAct case–cohort study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Limited evidence exists for effect modification of genetic characteristics on the associations of food consumption and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether the food-T2D association would vary by genetic susceptibility to metabolic traits.Methods: We analyzed data from 9542 incident T2D cases and a subcohort of 12,477 participants nested within the 340,234-participant cohort recruited in 1991-1998 and followed up for 10.9 y on average in 8 European countries. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for higher body mass index, insulin resistance, and T2D were constructed. Fifteen dietary variables potentially associated with T2D, obtained with cohort-specific self-reported dietary assessment, were examined: fruits, green leafy vegetables, root vegetables, wholegrains, rice, legumes, nuts and seeds, fermented dairy, red meat, processed meat, fish, eggs and egg products, sugar-sweetened beverages, coffee, and tea. A cross-product term between each PRS and each food/beverage was evaluated by genotyping chip and country with Prentice-weighted Cox regression for incident T2D, and stratum-specific estimates were meta analyzed, followed by Benjamini-Yekutieli multiple-testing correction.Results: Accounting for multiple tests of 3 PRSs × 15 dietary items, no evidence of statistical interaction was evident on either a multiplicative or additive scale, with exp(β for a multiplicative interaction) (95% confidence interval) ranging from 0.84 (0.64, 1.10) (root vegetables and PRS for T2D) to 1.45 (0.78-2.76) (fish and PRS for T2D).Conclusions: Genetic susceptibility to high-risk metabolic traits did not modify the diet-T2D associations in European populations. Acknowledging the limitations of current PRS-based methods to detect gene-diet interactions, research should continue into the potential for precision nutrition and tailored food-based dietary guidance for T2D prevention
A generalised virtual chemistry formalism with standardised thermodynamics, kinetics and complex transport properties
No full textInternational audienceAccurately and efficiently modeling combustion remains a central challenge in the transition to low-carbon energy systems. Virtual chemistry has emerged as a powerful chemistry reduction strategy, relying on optimised species and reactions to reproduce reference flames behaviours at a fraction of the computational cost. However, previous formulations depend on tabulated parameters, limiting their extrapolation capabilities and integration into standard reactive flow solvers. To address these limitations, a new standardised virtual chemistry formalism has been introduced, bridging virtual and detailed chemistry through chemical equilibrium between real and virtual species. The present work extends the framework to accurately capture laminar flame structures by jointly optimising the thermodynamic, kinetic, and transport properties. Special attention is given to validating and generalising virtual mechanism structures, with the development of a novel architecture dedicated to pyrolysing fuels and multi-component fuel surrogates. Theresulting highly-reduced optimised mechanisms adopt architectures compatible with CHEMKIN and CANTERA solvers.The methodology is applied to representative decarbonised and conventional fuels: Hydrogen, Dodecane, which is a key component of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs), a multi-component SAF surrogate and a Jet A multi-component surrogate. Particular emphasis is placed on reproducing flame structures across a wide range of combustion regimes, including premixed and non-premixed, adiabatic and non-adiabatic conditions. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed virtual mechanisms to replicate reference flame structures with drastically reduced complexity, chemical stiffness and CPU time, paving the way for straightforward and efficient high-fidelity combustion simulations
Characterizing suicidal intent among suicidal adolescents: a systematic review
No full textInternational audienceBackground :Suicidal intent contributes both to the assessment of suicide risk and to long-term prognosis in adults. Although suicidal intent is a key component in suicide risk assessment, its specific features and clinical implications in adolescents after a suicide attempt remain underexplored in the literature. However, it could represent an improvement in the assessment and prognosis of adolescent suicidal crisis. The aim of this study is to describe how suicidal intent manifests in adolescents after a suicide attempt, and how it relates to associated clinical and contextual characteristics.Method :We conducted a systematic review assessing suicidal intent in adolescents after a suicide attempt adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Five databases were searched up to September 2023. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. We excluded studies focusing solely on suicidal ideation or on non-suicidal self-injury. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively. Study quality was assessed using standard tools.Results :Several studies suggest that suicidal intent may be more frequently reported in older adolescents, with a significant difference before and after the age of 16. High suicidal intent seems to be more frequently linked to internalized disorders. While suicidal intent does not appear directly linked to the lethality of the attempt, the highest level of suicidal intent reported across previous attempts may represent a prognostic marker for later suicide mortality.Conclusion :It seems essential to refine existing assessment tools or develop new ones specifically adapted to adolescents, in order to assess suicidal intent while taking into account the specificities of the adolescent population. This would help optimize interventions and support for both the patient and their family
New experimental determination of L shell fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig transition factors of platinum
No full textInternational audienceAn accurate database of atomic fundamental parameters (FPs) is crucial for quantitative material analysis based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Given the wide range of applications and the limited reliability of existing experimental FPs for the L subshells of platinum, we determined its partial L fluorescence yields and Coster–Kronig transition probabilities using transmission and reference-free XRF measurements. The determined values are ω = 0.289 (11), ω = 0.326 (13), ω = 0.0820 (34), f = 0.130 (39), f = 0.158 (40), and f = 0.37 (18). These results show good agreement with certain tabulated values, and systematic trends are observed across atomic number Z for ω, ω, f, and f The relative standard uncertainties for ω, ω, and f have been significantly reduced compared to previous experimental studies. The use of tunable monochromatic photon beams and high-precision instrumentation allowed us to establish a reliable uncertainty budget for the determined results
Development of an accurate formalism to predict properties of two-neutron halo nuclei: case study of C
No full textInternational audienceWhen moving away from stability or in loosely-bound systems, few-body clusterized structures like two-neutron halo nuclei appear. These emerge from the interplay between the many- and few-body degrees of freedom, and/or strong coupling between bound and continuum states. This motivates the development of models that can accurately describe few-body dynamics while enforcing shell effects. This work has two goals: understanding how to accurately enforce the Pauli principle in few-body models, as well as presenting new technical developments that allow for more robust and cheaper three-body calculations. We focus on properties of the two-neutron halo 22C, but expect the conclusions to apply to other few-body systems. We use a three-body, hyperspherical harmonics formalism combined with the R-matrix method. We compare predictions for properties of 22C starting from phenomenological interactions and using two methods to remove Pauli-forbidden states, the projection and supersymmetric methods. We also present the algorithms and derivations used. Additionally, we explore model space truncations that allow for reduced computational time. We show convergence of the calculation of both bound and scattering states for . The two methods to enforce the Pauli-exclusion principle lead to different predictions of 22C properties; the projection method is more accurate. We find one efficient channel truncation that reduces the computational cost of our calculations by 20%. Our study clarifies that the projection method is more accurate than the supersymmetric one to enforce the Pauli-exclusion principle. Technical and algorithmic developments enable accurate and efficient computation of two-neutron halo properties. This development paves the way to robust uncertainty quantification in three-body predictions, and is a useful starting point to tackle more complex systems and observables
Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium glutamicum Phage MicyPS
No full textInternational audienceMicyPS is a bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology infecting Corynebacterium glutamicum strain MB001. It was isolated from soil near a henhouse in Villiers-sur-Marne, France. Its 78,208-bp genome encodes 115 predicted protein-encoding genes and 5 tRNAs. Based on gene-content similarity with actinobacteriophage PSonyx, MicyPS was assigned to the new cluster EQ.</p
Behavioral consequences of organophosphorus poisoning: insights from human exposures and rodent models
No full textInternational audienceThe risks of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) chemicals, predominantly used as pesticides as well as chemical warfare agents (NA, nerve agents), remain a present concern. Human studies have revealed severe neurological and psychiatric consequences of acute or chronic exposures. In order to improve the medical management of exposed patients, it is crucial to develop preclinical models that can investigate transient and persistent neurofunctional impairments. However, most research has focused on treatments that reduce mortality and seizures and restore cholinesterase activity in the short term. Few studies have evaluated the long-term benefits of these therapies. In this review, we summarize behavioral studies that assess the impact of OP exposure on affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor functions in humans and rodent models. To distinguish the specific neurobehavioral alterations induced by different OP compounds, we differentiate between lethal, single or repeated (chronic or subchronic) low-dose exposures to NA or pesticides. The review provides critical insights into the methodologies used to assess these alterations. Additionally, the study focuses on behavioral parameters used to evaluate treatment efficacy. Novel strategies aim to address the multifactorial consequences of OP exposure beyond seizure control, including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and/or oxidative stress. Our research indicates the need for rigorous, long-term behavioral studies that incorporate multimodal analyses and longitudinal follow-up to detect delayed deficits and validate therapeutic benefit
Influence of strangeness on the anisotropic flow of prompt D mesons in PbPb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
No full textInternational audienceThe azimuthal anisotropy of prompt D mesons produced in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV is measured using data obtained with the CMS detector. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 0.58 nb. The azimuthal anisotropy of heavy charmed mesons provides a key constraint on the interactions of charm quarks with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. These interactions include coalescence mechanisms and parton energy loss in the QGP. The anisotropy is quantified by the second- () and third-order () Fourier coefficients of the azimuthal distribution of the D mesons. The coefficient is determined in the transverse momentum range 4 40 GeV for three event centrality classes, while the coefficient is measured in the range 4 20 GeV for a single event centrality class. The results for the D mesons are compared to those previously measured for D mesons. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficients for D and D mesons are found to be consistent within the precision of this measurement, suggesting that the strangeness content of the D meson does not significantly alter its azimuthal distribution within the measured range
Probing early parton emissions in heavy ion collisions using the Lund jet plane
No full textInternational audienceIn scattering experiments, high-virtuality partons, i.e., quarks and gluons, initiate a series of additional parton emissions to create collimated sprays of particles known as jets. This paper presents a measurement of the Lund jet plane (LJP) of high-energy jets produced in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions and compares the results to data for proton-proton (pp) collisions. The LJP is formed by iteratively declustering the constituents of a jet into consecutive emissions and recording the relative transverse momentum () and angle of the resulting emission with respect to its emitter. The angular distributions of two different slices of the LJP are investigated for jets with radius parameter of 0.4 and transverse momentum in the range 2001000 GeV. The PbPb (pp) data were recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018 (2017) and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb (301 pb) at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measurement was designed to test whether the earliest jet emissions are produced before the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in PbPb collisions. Within the experimental uncertainties, no significant difference is observed between the angular distribution of high- emissions in \pp and PbPb collisions, which is consistent with these emissions occurring early in the jet evolution, before substantial interaction with the QGP