Archives ouvertes de Paris-Saclay
Not a member yet
272730 research outputs found
Sort by
La caisse de grève de la CFDT : un service qui ne dit pas son nom ?
No full textInternational audienceThe CFDT is the only French trade union confederation to have a permanent strike fund at the confederal level. Created in 1973, it mainly fulfilled this role until the 1990s. Since then, it has broadened its remit by offering other types of support in the form of services to its members. In this article, we analyze this evolution by placing our reflection at the intersection of two debates: one on the evolution of worker solidarity and the other on the place of service unionism in France. We will see that the CFDT's approach to its strike fund is indeed part of a service-oriented logic, but that it largely retains a protest-oriented purpose.La Confédération française démocratique du travail (CFDT) est la seule centrale syndicale française à disposer d’une caisse de grève permanente à l’échelon confédéral. Créée en 1973, cette dernière a principalement rempli ce rôle jusqu’aux années 1990. Depuis, elle a élargi ses missions en proposant d’autres types de soutien, sous la forme de services rendus aux adhérent·es. Nous analysons dans ce texte cette évolution en inscrivant notre réflexion au croisement de deux débats : celui sur l’évolution de la solidarité ouvrière et celui sur la place prise en France par le syndicalisme de services. Nous verrons ainsi que l’orientation donnée par la CFDT à sa caisse de grève s’inscrit effectivement dans une logique de services mais qu’elle garde en large partie une finalité revendicative
Inhibition of the macrophage demethylase LSD1 reverses Leishmania amazonensis-induced transcriptomic changes and causes a decrease in parasite load
No full textIntracellular pathogens exploit host cell functions to favor their own survival. In recent years, the subversion of epigenetic regulation has emerged as a key microbial strategy to modify host cell gene expression and evade antimicrobial immune responses. Using the protozoan parasite Leishmania as a model system, we have recently demonstrated that infection causes histone H3 hypomethylation, which is associated with the establishment of an antiinflammatory phenotype, suggesting that host cell demethylases may play a role in the intracellular survival of these parasites. In this study, we combined pharmacological inhibition with RNA sequencing and quantitative immune-precipitation analysis to investigate the role of the macrophage lysine demethylase LSD1 (KDM1a) in Leishmania intracellular infection in vitro. Treatment of infected macrophages with validated, LSD1-specific inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in parasite burden. We confirmed the impact of these inhibitors on LSD1 activity within macrophage nuclear extracts using an in vitro demethylase assay and established their LSD1 target engagement in situ by cellular thermal shift assay. RNA-seq analysis of infected and inhibitor-treated macrophages linked parasite killing to a partial reversion of infection-dependent expression changes, restoring the macrophage anti-microbial response and limiting cholesterol biosynthesis. While we ruled out any impact of Leishmania on LSD1 expression or localization, we uncovered significant alterations in LSD1 complex formation within infected macrophages, involving unique interactions with host cell regulatory proteins such as Rcor-1. Our study sheds important new light on the epigenetic mechanisms of macrophage immuno-metabolic subversion by intracellular Leishmania and identifies LSD1 as a potential candidate for host-directed, anti-leishmanial therapy
Sharp comparisons between sliced and standard -Wasserstein distances
No full textSliced Wasserstein distances are widely used in practice as a computationally efficient alternative to Wasserstein distances in high dimensions. In this paper, motivated by theoretical foundations of this alternative, we prove quantitative estimates between the sliced 1-Wasserstein distance and the 1-Wasserstein distance. We construct a concrete example to demonstrate the exponents in the estimate is sharp. We also provide a general analysis for the case where slicing involves projections onto k-planes and not just lines
: Ce que la science du climat dit — et ce que nous faisons déjà
No full textAllocation prononcée à l’occasion de l’Assemblée Générale de l'AMAP de Bagneux (92)Ce texte ne vise ni à convaincre par l’alarme, ni à prescrire des comportements, mais à mettre en regard ce que dit la science du climat et ce que les AMAPiens pratiquent déjà collectivement. Il est écrit à la fois en tant que chercheur et en tant que membre engagé dans le maintien d’une agriculture paysanne locale
Caprine dairy exploitation on the Iranian Plateau from the seventh millennium BC
No full textInternational audienc
Epigenetic regulation of mycorrhizal symbioses: from plastic responses to transgenerational legacies
No full textInternational audienceMycorrhizal symbioses represent one of the most widespread and ecologically significant plant–microbe interactions, shaping plant nutrition, stress resilience, and ecosystem functioning. Beyond their role in nutrient exchange and systemic defense, growing evidence suggests that these symbioses also influence plant plasticity within and across generations through epigenetic regulation. These mechanisms operate throughout the mutualistic interaction, from fungal recognition and root colonization to symbiosis functioning, by regulating gene networks that control signaling, defense suppression, and nutrient exchange. By integrating environmental cues into potentially heritable gene regulatory states, epigenetic regulation fine‐tunes within‐generation responses and may also contribute to effects across generations, thereby influencing adaptation and resilience. The extent of mycorrhiza‐induced epigenetic inheritance likely depends on the host's reproductive strategy and lifespan. Clonal propagation and shorter‐lived hosts tend to preserve epigenetic marks, whereas sexual reproduction and longer‐lived species show partial resetting. This contrast shapes offspring performance, ecological interactions, and evolutionary trajectories. Here, we synthesize current knowledge on the epigenetic regulation of mycorrhizal symbioses, draw parallels with other plant–microorganism interactions (including plant–pathogens and plant–endophytes), highlight its role in within‐generation plasticity and propose a potential role across generations. We outline future research directions to disentangle the stability, ecological relevance, and evolutionary significance of mycorrhiza‐mediated epigenetic inheritance
Evaluation of factors affecting total ozone column and its trend at three Antarctic stations in the years 2007–2023
No full textInternational audienceThis study assesses trends in the total ozone column (TOC) and the atmospheric factors influencing ozone variability at three Antarctic stations (Marambio, Troll/Trollhaugen, and Concordia) from 2007 to 2023. Ground-based TOC measurements were used, supplemented by satellite observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's Aura satellite. TOC trends were derived using a multiple linear regression model provided by the Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere (LOTUS) project. The selected LOTUS model was able to explain 94 %–97 % of the TOC variability at all three stations. The regression analysis showed that ozone variability at these stations is mainly driven by the lower stratospheric temperature, eddy heat flux, and the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. A statistically significant increasing trend was found at the Marambio station (3.43 ± 3.22 DU per decade), while statistically insignificant trends were detected at the other two stations. Using MERRA-2 reanalyses, the LOTUS model was applied to each grid point in the 40–90° S region, which effectively illustrates the spatial distribution of the impacts of individual predictors. It was found that warmer conditions in the Antarctic stratosphere in September 2019 caused TOC to be up to 100 DU higher than normal, especially over East Antarctica. The results improve understanding of regional TOC trends and how the Antarctic ozone layer responds to changes in ozone-depleting substances
Measuring NMR diffusion coefficients : a promising avenue for revealing electrolytes
No full textDoctora
Joint optical-digital design strategy for adaptive optics systems: application to wavelength selection for satellite imaging
No full textInternational audienceAdaptive optics can be used to mitigate the effects of atmospheric turbulence on imaging systems, but the correction is only partial, and deconvolution is often required to improve the resolution. This results in entire optical/digital systems, which are traditionally designed sequentially, i.e. , the adaptive optics system is optimised first, and the restoration algorithms are designed a second time. Studies on optical/digital systems have shown that jointly optimizing the whole system is a better alternative. We propose to extend these co-design strategies to the design of an adaptive optics-assisted imaging system. We derive a simple criterion that takes into account the source properties and the entire optical/ digital system performance. To illustrate its interest, we use it to optimize the wavelength distribution between the wavefront sensor and the imaging camera. In addition, we explore the potential of using multiple imaging channels operating at different wavelengths as a means of making an imaging system robust to turbulence strength and source magnitude variations. Later, any parameter of the optical/digital system, if not the entire system itself, could be optimized this way
Impact of adverse life experiences on pain, depression, anxiety, and comorbidities: a youth longitudinal sample
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Exposure to adverse life experiences (ALEs) renders individuals vulnerable to the emergence of pain, depression, and anxiety. It remains unclear to what extent these symptom categories share common ALEs, especially in cases of comorbidity, and how these relationships manifest in developmental trajectories and neural pathways.Objectives: In this study, we investigated the impact of ALEs, considering their timing, quality, and quantity, as well as structural brain changes, on pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity from adolescence to young adulthood.Methods: We used prospective and retrospective questionnaires and magnetic resonance imaging data from a large European longitudinal cohort (N = 1700) spanning from 14 to 25 years. We conducted Latent-Class-Growth-Analysis for symptom levels of pain, depression, and anxiety, subsequent logistic regressions to explore prediction of ALEs on symptom classes, and mediation analysis to examine the role of insula in this association.Results: Physical illness unrelated to pain, bullying, and abuse-maltreatment were associated with pain; sexual abuse, bullying, parental violence, and deprivation with depression; bullying and deprivation with anxiety; substance abuse in the household and abuse-maltreatment with pain–depression comorbidity; deprivation with pain–anxiety comorbidity. Smaller insula volume in late adolescence was a significant mediator for the association between deprivation-related ALEs and the pain–anxiety, but not the pain–depression comorbidity.Conclusion: Together, although various and mainly different types of ALEs strongly impact pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms and their comorbidity, insula volume impacts are specific for pain–anxiety comorbidity. These findings may inform early screening and prevention for individuals affected by ALEs