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Actualités respiratoires 2025 Présentée par Justine Frija (MCU-PH à l’université Paris Cité et à l’AP-HP).
No full textAs part of Respiratory News 2025, at the Sleep Congress in Strasbourg, a thematic summary of recent publications was produced by Justine Frija, MCU-PH at Paris Cité University and AP-HP, focusing on results with a direct impact on the clinical management of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), particularly in patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The selected studies cover quality of life under CPAP, adherence and care pathways, the reliability of devices and residual indices, the cardiometabolic consequences of OSA, and public health perspectives incorporating changes in prevalence and the effects of climate change.Dans le cadre des Actualités respiratoires 2025, au Congrès du Sommeil à Strasbourg, une synthèse thématique de publications récentes a été réalisée par Justine Frija, MCU-PH à l’université Paris Cité et à l’AP-HP, centrée sur des résultats ayant un impact direct sur la prise en charge clinique du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS), en particulier chez les patients traités par pression positive continue (PPC). Les travaux sélectionnés couvrent successivement la qualité de vie sous PPC, l’adhérence et la trajectoire de soins, la fiabilité des dispositifs et des indices résiduels, les conséquences cardiométaboliques du SAOS, ainsi que des perspectives en santé publique intégrant l’évolution de la prévalence et les effets du changement climatique
Actualités 2025 en neurosciences cliniques : Lucie Barateau (MCU-PH en physiologie et médecine du sommeil, Montpellier).
No full textIn this presentation at the Strasbourg Sleep Congress, Lucie Barateau, MCU-PH in physiology and sleep medicine at the University of Montpellier, gave a critical overview of the most significant work published in 2025 on sleep in clinical neuroscience. Her presentation focused on a central question: how can a patient's state of alertness be assessed using neurophysiological biomarkers? Drawing on EEG analyses, probabilistic approaches to sleep architecture, and pupillometry, she explored the most promising tools for refining diagnosis and guiding therapeutic strategies.Dans cette présentation au Congrès du Sommeil de Strasbourg, Lucie Barateau, MCU-PH en physiologie et médecine du sommeil à l’Université de Montpellier, a exposé une synthèse critique des travaux marquants publiés en 2025, sur le sommeil en neurosciences cliniques. Son intervention a tourné autour d’une question centrale : comment évaluer l’état de vigilance d’un patient à l’aide de biomarqueurs neurophysiologiques ? Entre analyses EEG, approches probabilistes de l’architecture du sommeil et pupillométrie, elle a exploré les outils les plus prometteurs pour affiner le diagnostic et guider les stratégies thérapeutiques
Nouvelles considérations sur la remarquable variabilité du genre Chaerilobuthus Lourenço & Beigel, 2011 (Scorpiones : Chaerilobuthidae) et description d’une nouvelle espèce de l’ambre du Crétacé inférieur de Myanmar
No full textInternational audienceOne more new species of fossil scorpion belonging to the genus Chaerilobuthus Lourenço & Beigel, 2011 is described from Early Cretaceous Burmite. Chaerilobuthus muelleri Lourenço sp. n., represents the 15th species to be described for this genus confirming therefore the strong speciose characteristic of this group. The new species shows several clear morphologicaldifferences when compared to the previous known species, attesting the existence of a major variability within Chaerilobuthus. A list of the known species is presented, as well a number of comments on the variability of different morphological characters.Une nouvelle espèce de scorpion fossile appartenant au genre Chaerilobuthus Lourenço & Beigel, 2011, est décrite de l’ambre du Crétacé inférieur du Myanmar. Chaerilobuthus muelleri Lourenço sp. n. représente la quinzième espèce connue pour ce genre, confirmant ainsi la grande richesse spécifique de ce groupe. La nouvelle espèce présente plusieurs caractères nettement distincts lorsque comparée aux espèces préalablement connues, confirmant ainsi l’existence d’une importante variabilité morphologique au sein du genre Chaerilobuthus. Une liste des espèces connues est présentée, ainsi que de nombreux commentaires sur la variabilité des caractères morphologiques
In-flight calibration of the INTEGRAL/IBIS Compton mode: Application to the Crab Nebula polarization
No full textInternational audienceThe INTEGRAL satellite explored the gamma-ray sky since its launch on October 17, 2002, and until the end of its scientific operation on February 28, 2025. A large fraction of the available data is still largely untouched, due to the complexity of analysis. We describe the latest in-flight calibration of the Compton mode of the INTEGRAL/IBIS telescope, taking into account more than twenty years of data. The spectroscopy and polarization of the standard candle that is the Crab Nebula is analyzed in detail. We operate the IBIS telescope as a Coded mask Compton telescope, using the Crab Nebula to refine the calibration, as is usually done for high-energy instruments. We have determined the spectroscopic and polarimetric properties of the IBIS Compton mode and their evolution along the entire duration of the mission. In addition, the long-term evolution of the Crab Nebula's polarization has been successfully measured and compared with other high-energy experiments. We could estimate the energy dependence of the Crab Nebula polarization in four bands between 200 keV and 1 MeV. In particular, the detection of polarized emissions strictly above 400 keV makes it the highest energy measurement ever performed for the Crab Nebula. A Python library was also made publicly available to analyze processed data
FRB 20240619D: a study of the hyperactivity, rotation measure evolution, and searches for a persistent radio source
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a comprehensive wideband study of FRB 20240619D focusing on its hyperactivity, rotation measure evolution, and the search for an associated persistent radio source. Using data from the MeerKAT, Murriyang, and Lovell telescopes, we analysed the spectral, temporal, and polarimetric properties of 1539 bursts. Our observations reveal a remarkably high burst rate of 161 bursts per hour in early August above a fluence value of 1.6 Jy ms as well as significant secular variations in rotation measure and diverse polarization characteristics, including high linear polarization fractions and occasional circular polarization. The burst activity also showed frequency dependence with approximately 61 per cent of the total number of bursts detected between 1300 and 1800 MHz. The burst activity of FRB 20240619D ceased abruptly after a period of intense activity lasting approximately 80 d, suggesting an episodic behaviour. Follow-up observations with MeerKAT and Australia Telescope Compact Array did not reveal an associated compact persistent radio source. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of continued long-term monitoring and multiwavelength observations in understanding the emission mechanisms and diversity of progenitor populations of fast radio bursts
Multi-centennial internal variability in the North Atlantic could drive additional warming over Europe
No full textInternational audienceEurope has experienced abnormal warming over the recent decades. Model-based studies highlight that multi-centennial internal variability of the North Atlantic can strongly affect European temperatures. However, the limited availability of high-resolution proxy records has hindered observational assessment of the existence and amplitude of such variability in the real climate system. Here, we compile annual-to-decadal proxy-based Holocene reconstructions, instrumental observations, and climate model simulations to demonstrate the existence of this multi-centennial variability mode and quantify its amplitude. We show that this mode is closely tied to the internal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Its temporal evolution explains part of the observed 20th century variability, and a shift towards a positive phase in the late 1990s can explain the recent amplified warming over Europe. When its amplitude is constrained by observations, this internal variability may enhance anthropogenic warming in Northern Europe by up to 30% over 2000-2035
Pulsar based modeling of point spread function of Fermi Large Area Telescope
No full textInternational audienceSensitivity of searches for extended emission around gamma-ray sources is naturally limited by the precision of the knowledge of the Point Spread Function (PSF) of gamma-ray telescopes. Inaccuracies in the PSF models of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) can potentially lead to false positive detections of source extension. We explore uncertainties in the Fermi/LAT PSF by comparing the PSF models provided by the Fermi/LAT Instrument Response Functions (IRFs) with signals of bright pulsars. We compare the analytical PSF models of Fermi/LAT IRFs with pulsar data and fit the pulsar data with the same analytical model as in the Fermi/LAT IRFs to derive an improved set of PSF parameters. We then apply this revised PSF parameterisation to the search of extended emission around a blazar, Mrk 501. We find that the parameters of the analytical PSF models of Fermi/LAT IRFs are inconsistent with the pulsar data. We obtain an improved set of PSF parameters from the fits to pulsar data that is consistent with observations. We find no evidence of the previously reported extended signal around Mrk 501 if the revised PSF consistent with pulsar data is used in data analysis
Seeing in the dark: Towards a broad construction of the access to data provisions of the DSA
No full textInternational audienceThe Digital Services Act (DSA) is the most ambitious effort taken by liberal democratic nations to regulate social media platforms. One of the main ways it does this is by establishing various transparency obligations applicable to all platforms and search engines, as well as a specific transparency and data-sharing regime for the largest platforms and search engines, defined by the number of users. Specifically, Article 40 of the DSA grants vetted researchers access to data "for the sole purpose of conducting research that contributes to the detection, identification and understanding of systemic risks in the Union. " This article argues that Article 40's requirement for the requested data to be "necessary and proportionate" to conduct a specific type of research may hinder effective research. Indeed, researchers have been denied broad access -or any access to data -on privacy or confidentiality grounds before (Bontcheva, 2024). Consequently, researchers have limited prior knowledge of social media impacts and thus may have limited knowledge about what data, exactly, they need. Drawing on cutting-edge social media research, we explain why vetted researchers may thus need broad access to social media data to meet the objectives of the DSA. More specifically, we argue that researchers need access to system-level data, meaning data that captures how an entire digital system or platform operates, not just the activity of individual users. Consequently, we propose an interpretation of the DSA's data request requirements that would enable researchers to study the online political landscape of EU member states effectively