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Salinity Transition in the Ostia Lagoon During the Roman Period: Assessing the Feasibility of Salt Exploitation
No full textInternational audienceThis study examines long‐term salinity changes in the Ostia Lagoon between the 4th century cal BC and the 6th century cal AD , with emphasis on their implications for ancient salt production. Although Ostia's foundation is closely linked to the control of salt resources in the Tiber Delta, direct archaeological evidence of Roman‐period saltworks is scarce. To address this gap, this study combines micropalaeontological analysis of ostracod assemblages with a morphometric study of sieve pore features in Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850). This approach enables reconstruction of short‐term palaeosalinity dynamics. Core LOA–1 documents a transition from peatland to euryhaline lagoon between the 8th–6th and the 4th–3rd centuries cal BC , followed by repeated high‐salinity episodes. A notable peak coincides with the establishment of the Roman Castrum, suggesting favourable conditions for salt concentration. After the mid‐4th century cal BC , salinity peaks decreased, possibly reducing the lagoon's potential for saltworks and fostering greater reliance on the Maccarese saltworks. In the northern lagoon sector, hyperhaline conditions during the Roman period remain uncertain because of chronological gaps and the lack of sieve pore analysis. Overall, the results demonstrate both the potential and limitations of ostracod analysis as a palaeosalinity proxy and refine understanding of salt exploitation in the Tiber Delta. This study provides valuable insights into the long‐term socio‐environmental dynamics of the Mediterranean coastal wetlands, contributing to the advancement of geoarchaeological research on ancient salt production through salterns and its influence on human settlement patterns and economic practices
Mondes francophones (chaire annuelle 2020-2021): [résumé des cours et travaux : 2021-2022]
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Forced to face the truth: A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of moral reminders
No full textMoral reminders, also referred to as moral appeals or moral nudges, are widely used by governments, companies, and NGOs to promote pro-social behavior. These appeals function by either increasing the salience of moral concerns or the cost of diverting attention away from relevant information on payoffs or social norms. Drawing on over 400 studies across psychology, sociology, management and economics, we present a meta-analysis of their effects. Our findings reveal that, on average, moral reminders are effective, with an effect size (Hedge's g) of 0.24 in a random-effects model, but with significant backfiring occurring in 12% of studies. We identify sources of heterogeneity based on disciplinary focus and design choices. Crucially, we introduce a taxonomy of moral reminders: we distinguish those that provide information on consequences, those that highlight descriptive or injunctive norms, and those that prime moral awareness. Our analysis shows that all of these instruments are effective, particularly those providing information on consequences, whereas information on injunctive norms is more likely to backfire
Oncologie cellulaire et moléculaire: [résumé des cours et travaux : 2021-2022]
No full textInternational audienc
Neurobiologie et immunité: [résumé des cours et travaux : 2021-2022]
No full textInternational audienc
Rapport sur les services climatiques réussis dans le monde et leurs critères de succès: Livrable commun au Projet ciblé TRACCS-PC1-DIALOG (D5.3) et au Projet Ciblé TRACCS-PC3-DEMOCLIMA (D1)
No full textLes enjeux socio-économiques liés aux effets du réchauffement climatique sont tels qu’une demande croissante d’informations climatiques adaptées pour la mise en place de stratégies d’atténuation et/ou d’adaptation est clairement exprimée par les secteurs économiques (e.g. agriculture, énergie, tourisme, infrastructures terrestres ou maritimes, etc…) et par les territoires/régions qui mesurent pleinement leursvulnérabilités. En réponse à ces demandes, de nombreux projets de recherche nationaux (e.g., la "Convention relative à l’attribution d’un appui financier au bénéfice des services climatiques", signée entre le Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire (MTES) et le CNRS en mars 2017, ou le développement du portail DRIAS), européens (e.g., le programme ERA4CS « European Research Area for Climate Services » du JPI Climate, ou encore Copernicus) ou internationaux (e.g., les outils développés par la NASA, le GIEC…) ont permis le financement de « services climatiques ». Plusieurs acteurs opérationnels nationaux et européens développent et mettent à disposition des « services climatiques » via des plateformes souvent libres d’accès et enfin, apparaissent sur le marché des bureaux d’études dont l’activité commerciale vise le développement de « services climatiques » à la carte et adaptés aux demandes des clients.L’offre pour les « services climatiques » est donc aujourd’hui multiforme par l’information fournie (données climatiques « simples », indicateurs, outils d’aide à la décision) et par son mode de développement. Face à cette diversité, les enjeux sont de documenter et comprendre le paysage des services climatiques actuels, de faire ressortir les besoins, et de se munir de moyens pour caractériser la réussite des services climatiques, pour évaluer l'existant et guider le développement de nouveaux projets. Menée conjointement par les projets ciblés DIALOG (PC1) et DEMOCLIMA (PC3) du PEPR TRACCS, cette étude vise quatre objectifs :i) Documenter le paysage actuel des services climatiques (section 2) en France et dans le monde (identifiés par la communauté TRACCS) en les présentant par usages et cibles ;ii) Identifier des besoins non satisfaits vis-à-vis des services climatiques (section 4) ;iii) Identifier un ensemble de critères de réussite d'un service climatique pour les évaluer (section 5) ;iv) Proposer des bonnes pratiques pour atteindre ces critères de réussite (section 6); ces éléments guideront les choix des futurs démonstrateurs qui seront conçus et développés au sein de DEMOCLIMA.Notre travail repose en grande partie sur le recueil de dires d'acteurs des "services climatiques", dans une approche "bottom-up"
Northernmost record in the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic) of two leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of southern affinity
No full textInternational audienceTwo leptothecate hydroids of southern affinity, Sertularella ornata Broch, 1933 and Sertularelloides cylindritheca (Allman, 1888) were collected in the southern sector of the Bay of Biscay off Saint Jean de Luz (France). The latter was also seen during several ROV surveys on rocky communities along the Cantabrian Sea and northwestern Spain. Each of the two species is herein described and illustrated and their worldwide distribution, bathymetric ranges and reproductive periods, revised; additionally, we allocate them in their biocoenological context, providing in situ images. The northern boundary limits are extended for both hydroids, which are new records for the Atlantic coast of France; the latter belongs to a genus previously unrecorded in the French mainland fauna. We also discuss the importance of having inventories of the sessile fauna of the exceptional sites at study, for the sake of their protection and detection of future modifications due to climate change
Organelle-Targeting Iridium(III) Benzothiazole Complexes Potently Induce Immunogenic Cell Death for Gastric Cancer Immunotherapy
No full textInternational audienceDespite being the mainstay for gastric cancer treatment, conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy suffer from substantial limitations that compromise their efficacy and patients’ quality of life. To overcome these challenges, innovative strategies and novel combination therapies are urgently needed. Herein, we report a series of organelle-targeting iridium(III) benzothiazole complexes designed to localize in mitochondria, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus. Among them, the mitochondria- and lysosome-targeting complexes demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells and induced distinct nonapoptotic cell death pathways, ultimately leading to immunogenic cell death. Given the inadequacy of conventional methods to decipher the immunomodulatory effects of metallodrugs in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), we employed time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) to achieve a comprehensive profiling of immune cell subsets. This work provides a multidimensional characterization of TME remodeling by organelle-targeted Ir(III) complexes, offering valuable insights for developing metal-based chemoimmunotherapeutics
