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Comparative physicochemical study of dielectric barrier discharge and post-discharge plasmas to treat non-small cell lung carcinoma in murine models
No full textInternational audienceWhile cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) are increasingly explored for cancer therapy, it remains unclear how distinct device configurations translate into differences in tissue coupling, safety, and therapeutic efficacy. To address this gap, a comparative evaluation of the two following CAP sources has been conducted: the ORJET (atmospheric pressure plasma jet in outer ring electrode configuration) and the PoDBD (post-discharge delivered by a dielectric barrier device with a grounded-mesh electrode). Electrical behavior is quantified on an equivalent electrical human body model, while optical emission spectroscopy and surface-oxidation assays are achieved on transdermal membranes and polyethylene substrates to characterize the nature and diffusion of plasma-generated reactive species. Thermal safety is examined in mice through real-time temperature monitoring and histological analysis while antitumor efficacy is determined in a syngeneic model of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated five times. The two devices display fundamentally different modes of tissue coupling: ORJET delivers localized interfacial electric field while PoDBD exposes tissue solely to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-rich post-discharge. Despite these differences, both generate similar reactive-species signatures, preserve tissue integrity when operated within safe thermal limits, and significantly slow tumor progression compared with controls, with no difference between devices. These findings indicate that therapeutic activity arises predominantly from reactive-species chemistry rather than electrical coupling, supporting the applicability of diverse CAP technologies for oncological treatment
Créer, légitimer, faire durer : Münchhausen et l’université de Göttingen à l’âge des Lumières(1730-1770)
No full textFragmentation et dépossession dans le carnet poétique (autour de Pierre-Albert Jourdan)
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Uncertainty sources in a large ensemble of hydrological projections: Regional Climate Models and Internal Variability matter
No full textInternational audienceMulti-scenario, multi-model ensembles of hydrological projections are widely used to describe possible futures of regional hydrology and inform adaptation strategies. The Explore2 dataset is such an ensemble of river flow projections in Metropolitan France. It provides future simulations for 1735 catchments with modeling chains composed of different hydrological models forced by 36 regional climate projections based on bias-adjusted EUROCORDEX simulations. This study assesses the uncertainties of this ensemble with QUALYPSO, a method specifically designed to deal with incomplete ensembles and to disentangle and quantify all uncertainty sources, including that due to internal variability. Focusing on results obtained at the end of the century, this study shows a strong agreement between modeling chains towards decreases in low flows in a large southern part of France for a high-emission scenario, and very uncertain changes for the annual mean and high flows. Emission scenario uncertainty is the dominant source of uncertainty for low flows over the whole of France, and for mean annual flows in southeastern France. The contribution of the global and regional climate models is important for mean and high flows, especially in rainfall-dominated areas. Regional climate models contribute considerable uncertainty to low flows, much more than global models. The contribution of hydrological model uncertainty is large for low flows, moderate for mean annual flows, and small for high flows. For all climate and hydrological indicators, internal variability is often large and cannot be overlooked. It is often of the same order and sometimes larger than the uncertainty on the climate change response
Euclid: An automated system to match Rubin transient alerts to Euclid observations
No full textInternational audienceThe Vera C. Rubin observatory is expected to produce 10 million transient alerts per night in ugrizy filters, whilst Euclid is a visible to near-infrared space telescope engaged in a wide field survey. We present a prototype system to automatically match the transient alerts from Rubin to Euclid observations. The system produces joint light-curves containing both visible and near-infrared photometry, and joint image cutouts. Using Zwicky Transient Facility alerts as a proxy for Rubin, we demonstrate the system in use in cases where Euclid did and did not detect the transient and highlight the value that can be added in each case. For transients detected by Euclid these benefits include identifying the supernovae (SNe) in observations taken prior to ground-based detection, thereby better constraining the explosion time, such as SN 2024pvw detected ~3 d prior to ground based detections. In cases where Euclid did not detect the transient, we demonstrate the benefit of adding Euclid observations to improve host morphology measurements and associations
Improved constraints on modified Newtonian gravity from Cassini radio tracking data
No full textInternational audienceWe report an updated constraint on the Solar System quadrupole parameter , which encodes the external field effect predicted by modified gravity versions of the MOND paradigm. Using the dataset employed to compute the DE440 planetary ephemerides, and estimating it simultaneously with other parameters included in the planetary ephemerides, we find (1-), representing an improvement of 40% over previous estimates. We also show explicitly that the contribution to the MOND prediction of from the Solar System's largest planet, Jupiter, is at the 0.05% level, validating the approximation of retaining only the Sun in theoretical calculations. With this new constraint on , we update previously acknowledged tensions with external galaxy rotation curves, now leading to discrepancies at the - level depending on the detailed mass modeling or the subset of galaxies considered. Within the Milky Way itself, the constraint imposes an upper bound of only 2% (at 95% confidence) on the MOND boost to the galactic radial acceleration (i.e., the ratio of the observed over baryonic Newtonian acceleration) at the position of the Sun, in strong tension with current observational limits. The updated posterior finally confirms that Solar System measurements provide stronger constraints than current wide-binary data on classical modified gravity versions of MOND
Investigating the role of climate change in the 3 May 2025 Western Europe hailstorm using atmospheric analogues
No full textInternational audienceOn 3 May 2025, a severe hailstorm struck Paris and parts of western Europe, raising concerns about the influence of climate change. We analyze this event using ERA5 reanalysis and an analogue-based attribution framework. The synoptic setting involved a cut-off low and a surface cold front, occurring shortly after an early-season heatwave. We compare analogous patterns in past (1974–1999) and recent (1999–2024) climates to assess thermodynamic differences. Hail probability and size were estimated with two models: a logistic formulation based on convective available potential energy, wind shear, and convective precipitation, and a new model incorporating freezing-level height and 850 hPa temperature, designed for European hail environments. Both were calibrated with Ile-de-France observations and validated with independent data. Our findings show that present-day conditions favor higher hail probabilities and larger hailstones, suggesting anthropogenic warming has likely enhanced hailstorm intensity in the region
Enhancing ion‐electron transport in positive electrode of solid‐state lithium metal batteries with multifunctional catholyte made of polymer mixed ionic‐electronic conductor PEDOT:PSSTFSI and Li3InCl6
No full textOpen access publication funding provided by COUPERIN CY26.International audienceThe development of positive electrode composites (PECs) with improved ionic and electronic conductivity is critical for high-performance all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Conventional strategies rely on tuning the ratio of cathode active material (CAM) to solid electrolyte (SE) or introducing electronic conductive additives, yet both often induce interfacial instabilities limiting long-term performance. Here, mixed ionic-electronic conductor, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) (PEDOT:PSSTFSI), is incorporated as a functional polymer (FP) binder in Li3InCl6 (LIC), forming multifunctional catholytes in a single step via one-pot aqueous synthesis. Owing to π–π stacking and the TFSI− functional group, PEDOT:PSSTFSI enhances electronic and ionic conductivity within the catholyte. Compared to the polymer-free NMC-based PEC, the incorporation of 5 wt.% FP markedly increases electrode compactness, reducing the porosity by 41.8% and yielding a twelvefold increase in effective electronic conductivity. In parallel, ionic conductivity improves substantially—up to 15-fold, with the highest reached at 0.6 wt.% of FP in the PEC. When tested in ASSB cells, PECs containing FP show enhanced rate capability, especially at 1 C rate with full reversibility, and deliver up to 30% higher discharge capacity at a C/20 rate compared to polymer-free NMC-LIC references. This study highlights mixed conducting binders as a versatile system to improve conducting pathways while enhancing electrode integrity.</p
Archéologie et photographie
No full textEditoCe numéro des Dossiers consacré à la photographie est le second édité par la revue, après celui de 1975 coordonné par les photographes A. Chené et G. Réveillac, paru il y a… 50 ans. S'accordant quelques écarts hors du territoire français et quatre respirations artistiques, il aborde plusieurs thématiques d’approche du médium pour l’archéologie métropolitaine : histoire et construction d’une photographie archéologique, réutilisation des images d’archives, techniques actuelles et traitement documentaire de la photographie. Il paraît à l'occasion des deux cents ans de la photographie, dans une célébration nationale appelée par le ministère de la Culture. L’invention, dont la paternité est rendue à Nicéphore Niepce, a été poursuivie et développée après lui par de nombreux pionniers et ingénieurs, dont notamment Louis Daguerre (procédé du daguerréotype et commercialisation), William Henry Fox Talbot ou Hippolyte Bayard (calotype, procédé négatif-positif), Richard Leach Maddox (procédé gélatino-argentique), Louis et Auguste Lumière (autochrome, cinématographe), ce jusqu’à la photographie numérique dont l’omniprésence interroge aujourd’hui. Elle a de fait révolutionné nos perceptions et nos représentations du monde, permettant la capture instantanée du temps et la construction de nouveaux récits.Dans le milieu scientifique, en archéologie en particulier, sa contribution au développement des recherches et de l’acquisition des données est capitale. Elle le reste aujourd’hui encore, tandis que les progrès de l’imagerie (par radiographie X, LiDAR, tomodensitométrie, caméra multispectrale, modélisation 3D, données géophysiques, etc.) marquent une nouvelle ère de l’image, dans laquelle l’« écriture avec la lumière » (la photographie) tend à se confondre avec une nouvelle écriture par le nombre et le nuage de points (image numérique).L’évolution récente des techniques photographiques continue ainsi de nous ouvrir les yeux sur un invisible fascinant, érodé ou microscopique, parfois inaccessible. A rebours, les archives photographiques nous ouvrent les portes d’une riche histoire introspective de l’archéologie, témoignage sensible de la naissance d’une discipline et de recherches passionnées. Elles questionnent aussi directement sur la manière dont le procédé a transformé l’archéologie, favorisant rigueur méthodologique et échanges scientifiques