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L’invention de la médecine de la Grèce à la Chine, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2026, 358 p.
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Droit international des institutions: [résumé des cours et travaux : 2021-2022]
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Philologie de la civilisation japonaise: [résumé des cours et travaux : 2021-2022]
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Co-defining research priorities to address knowledge gaps for future management: A participatory framework for species prioritisation in small-scale coral reef fisheries
No full textInternational audienceEffective governance of small-scale, multi-species coral reef fisheries requires integrating diverse knowledge systems while addressing critical data gaps. Yet, despite increasing calls for participatory approaches, existing species prioritisation frameworks remain largely expert-driven, with limited application in data-limited, multi-species contexts and minimal involvement of fishers in shaping research agendas. This gap reduces the legitimacy, feasibility, and uptake of management-oriented research. We propose a structured, participatory framework for species prioritisation that strategically addresses knowledge gaps to support future research and management. The framework combines three criteria – species vulnerability, operational feasibility, and fishers’ priorities – through a three-phase, stakeholder-inclusive process. We apply it to a French Polynesian coral reef fishery, a context marked by ecological diversity, limited data, and ongoing transitions toward participatory governance. Results highlight the governance challenges inherent to species prioritisation, including ensuring broad fisher representation, balancing power dynamics, and managing trade-offs between ecological objectives and feasibility constraints. While the process successfully integrated fishers’ knowledge into decision-making, it also underscored the resource demands of participatory engagement and the need for adaptive monitoring to prevent effort displacement or the marginalisation of non-prioritised species. Beyond French Polynesia, the framework’s transferability depends on regional conditions: it may be facilitated in island settings with strong community ties but will require broader representation mechanisms in more densely populated contexts. By embedding participation at the earliest stages of research design, this framework contributes to operationalising inclusive, knowledge-based fisheries governance and offers a replicable tool for data-limited, multi-species fisheries seeking to balance ecological sustainability, socio-economic realities, and governance legitimacy.
Optical Follow-Up Strategies for the Next Neutrino-Detected Galactic Core-Collapse Supernova
No full textInternational audienceCore-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are expected to produce intense bursts of neutrinos preceding the emergence of their electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. The prompt detection of such neutrino signals offers a unique opportunity to trigger early follow-up observations in the EM domain. We aim to assess the feasibility and efficiency of an optical-NIR follow-up strategy for CCSNe discovered via neutrino bursts, by modelling the spatial distribution of events and simulating realistic observational campaigns taking into account the size of the localization error box generated by triangulating the neutrino burst. We modelled the Galactic distribution of CCSNe, including the effects of interstellar extinction, and considered three main progenitor types: Wolf-Rayet stars, red and blue supergiants. We included the shock breakout in the EM signatures that could be detected following the neutrino burst. A population of CCSNe was generated and detected by different networks of neutrino observatories, including IceCube, KM3NeT, Super-Kamiokande, Hyper-Kamiokande, and JUNO. The resulting skymaps were used as input for GWEMOPT to produce optimized follow-up plans with two optical facilities: LSST and the TAROT robotic telescopes. Both LSST and TAROT exhibit comparable detection efficiencies for the simulated CCSN population. However, the TAROT network achieves similar success rates while requiring fewer pointings to cover the CCSN skymap. Our simulations demonstrate that neutrino follow-up campaigns can effectively CCSN optical counterparts using both large and small facilities. Depending on the neutrino network, the median number of pointings for the two tested optical facilities is of the order of 20 to 100 to find the EM emission. The number of images is larger for LSST than for TAROT by a factor of 2 to 4
Large-scale genome-wide association study of 398,238 women unveils seven novel loci associated with high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer risk
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Background Nineteen genomic regions have been associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We used data from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 / BRCA2 (CIMBA), UK Biobank (UKBB), and FinnGen to identify novel HGSOC susceptibility loci and develop polygenic scores (PGS). Methods We analyzed >22 million variants for 398,238 women. Associations were assessed separately by consortium and meta-analysed. OCAC and CIMBA data were used to develop PGS which were trained on FinnGen data and validated in UKBB and BioBank Japan Results Eight novel variants were associated with HGSOC risk. An interesting discovery biologically was finding that TP53 3’-UTR SNP rs78378222 was associated with HGSOC (per T allele relative risk (RR)=1.44, 95%CI:1.28-1.62, P=1.76×10 -9 ). The optimal PGS included 64,518 variants and was associated with an odds ratio of 1.46 (95%CI:1.37-1.54) per standard deviation in the UKBB validation (AUROC curve=0.61, 95%CI:0.59-0.62). Conclusions This study represents the largest GWAS for HGSOC to date. The results highlight that improvements in imputation reference panels and increased sample sizes can identify HGSOC associated variants that previously went undetected, resulting in improved PGS. The use of updated PGS in cancer risk prediction algorithms will then improve personalized risk prediction for HGSOC
Adjusting the Energy Levels of HgTe and InAs Nanocrystals with Alkali Ions
No full textInternational audienceThe photodiode stack is the most effective design geometry for integrating colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) into optoelectronic devices dedicated to light emission and detection. Traditional designs rely on determining the absolute energy band alignment, followed by selecting suitable materials to transport charges (with energy levels resonant to the active material's bands). Because of this method's inherent limitations, we propose to explore an alternative approach where alkali metals are used to tune the absolute energy levels of the optically active layer. We illustrate this concept using lithium and caesium deposition onto narrow band gap NC films (i.e., HgTe and InAs), which are relevant materials for infrared optoelectronics. Our results show that work function shifts up to 0.9 eV can be achieved and that smaller alkalis are more effective at generating this shift. However, different behaviors are observed for HgTe and InAs. In the case of II-VI materials, the alkali acts as a pure dipole (i.e., no shift in the core level), and the film behaves as a bulk effective medium (i.e., no evidence of alkali intercalation). For III-V NCs, the alkali plays a dual role as both a dipole and a redox agent, making the alkali's effect dependent on the film's surface-to-volume ratio and the size of the alkali
Biochemical signatures of Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata) in co-culture with sea bass in the Frioul Islands (France)
No full textInternational audienceConsiderable knowledge in the reproductive biology, habitat and life-history traits of European sea cucumbers was acquired in recent years with the objective to use them as extractive species in multi-trophic aquaculture systems. Yet, the trophic link between aquaculture wastes and sea cucumbers remains insufficiently evidenced. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of Holothuria tubulosa and H. forskali to utilise fish waste as a food source within a co-culture system. The two species were placed below sea bass cages in the northwest Mediterranean Sea. After one year of caging, fatty acids and stable isotopes indicated that sea cucumbers located near the fish cages were in good physiological condition. Higher levels of the fatty acid 18:2ω6, a biomarker of terrestrial plant oils, in sea cucumber tissues clearly indicate the transfer of fish feed to holothurians. In the case of H. forskali, this signature was also linked to an increase in bacterial biomarkers, indicating that sea cucumbers likely do not feed directly on fish wastes. Feeding habits differed between the two species, with H. tubulosa poorly modifying its diet when placed in captivity but probably requiring a significant access to sediment to maintain growth, while H. forskali probably collecting increased secondary production stimulated by the inputs of fresh organic matter directly on the cage walls. Finally, fatty acid profiles of both the body wall and muscular bands of the sea cucumbers revealed a similar imprinting of fish feed, indicating that each tissue can be analysed individually for trophic purposes
MiCoReCa (Microbiome Community Resource Catalogue) - Towards Centralized Curation And Integration Of Microbiome Bioinformatics Resources
No full textThe rapid growth of microbiome research has led to the development of numerous bioinformatics tools and databases, but information about them remains fragmented across disparate, often outdated cataloging efforts, hindering resource discovery and utilization. To address this critical gap, the ELIXIR Microbiome Community proposes the development of MiCoReCa (Microbiome Community Resource Catalogue), a comprehensive, dynamic, open-access catalogue of microbiome-related bioinformatics resources (tools, workflows, training, standards, and databases). Leveraging our community's expertise, this initiative will utilize standardized ontologies like EDAM and cross-reference established platforms like bio.tools and WorkflowHub to create a centralized, findable inventory. A key feature is the community-driven process for identifying and curating missing ontological terms and metadata, ensuring MiCoReCa's accuracy and relevance in collaboration with partner platforms. Furthermore, the catalogue will integrate links to training materials from TeSS to support appropriate tool usage, and connect with OpenEBench for benchmarking capabilities. This project will not only provide a vital resource for the microbiome field, enhancing research efficiency and reproducibility, but will also establish a sustainable, adaptable infrastructure potentially applicable to other ELIXIR Communities. This effort represents a significant contribution by the ELIXIR Microbiome Community to streamline microbiome bioinformatics