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The Influence of Grammatical Gender on Object Conceptualization Is Weak and Language‐Dependent
No full textInternational audienceDo we make gendered associations with objects whose linguistic labels have masculine/feminine grammatical gender? This question derives from the neo-Whorfian view that language shapes our conceptualizations of the world. Previous research has provided mixed answers. Here, we present three experiments where we tested for the gender effect on object conceptualization using a word association approach: a first group of participants generated adjectives for nouns referring to objects and a second group subsequently rated those adjectives for masculinity/femininity. In Experiment 1, with native French speakers, we tested semantically related object nouns that have opposite grammatical gender (masculine vs. feminine) in French; in Experiment 2, with native French and German speakers, we tested translation equivalents having opposite grammatical gender in the two languages. Results from both experiments showed the absence of a gender effect in French, while a small gender effect was found in German. In both experiments, nouns had been presented with a gender-marked determiner. In Experiment 3, we tested a new group of German participants on the same items, which were now presented without determiner; we again observed a small gender effect. Consistent with previous findings, we also found that people ascribe more feminine qualities to natural entities and masculine qualities to artificial entities. Taken together, we conclude that the influence of grammatical gender on object conceptualization is weak and dependent on language
Euclid: Galaxy SED reconstruction in the PHZ processing function: impact on the PSF and the role of medium-band filters
No full textInternational audienceWeak lensing surveys require accurate correction for the point spread function (PSF) when measuring galaxy shapes. For a diffraction-limited PSF, as arises in space-based missions, this correction depends on each galaxy SED. In the Euclid mission, galaxy SED reconstruction, a tasks of the photometric-redshift processing function (PHZ PF), relies on broad- and medium-band ancillary photometry. The limited wavelength sampling of the Euclid VIS passband and signal-to-noise ratio may affect the reconstruction accuracy and translate into biases in the weak lensing measurements. In this study, we present the methodology, which is employed in the Euclid PHZ PF, for reconstructing galaxy SEDs at 55 wavelengths, sampling the VIS passband every 10 nm, and we assess whether it fulfils the accuracy requirements imposed on the Euclid PSF model. We employ both physics- and data-driven methods, focusing on a new approach of template-based flux correction and Gaussian processes, and we introduce an SED metric whose bias propagates into PSF quadrupole moment errors. Our findings demonstrate that Gaussian processes and template fitting meet the requirements only in specific, but complementary, redshift intervals. We therefore propose a hybrid approach, which leverages both methods. This solution proves to be effective in meeting the Euclid accuracy requirements for most of the redshift range of the survey. Finally, we investigate the impact on the SED reconstruction of a new set of 16 evenly-spaced medium-band filters for the Subaru telescope, providing quasi-spectroscopic coverage of the VIS passband. This study shows promising results, ensuring accurate SED reconstruction and meeting the mission PSF requirements. This work thus provides not only the methodological foundation of galaxy SED reconstruction in the Euclid PHZ PF, but also a roadmap for future improvements using a new medium-band survey
Investigating Pulsar Wind Nebula DA 495: Insights from LHAASO and Multi-Wavelength Observations
No full textInternational audiencePulsar wind nebula DA~495 (G65.7+1.2) has been extensively observed from radio to TeV -ray bands. We present LHAASO observations of DA~495, revealing an energy-dependent morphology, where an extended source with is detected by WCDA (0.4-15~TeV), and a point-like source with a 95% upper limit of is observed by KM2A (). The spectrum of the source extends beyond 100~TeV with a break or cutoff at a few tens of TeV. Our X-ray data analysis, based on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations, shows that the X-ray emission of DA~495 extends well to , significantly larger than the size previously reported. The broadband spectral energy distribution across radio, X-ray and TeV -ray bands is phenomenologically described by a one-zone leptonic model, yielding an average magnetic field of 5 , while Fermi-LAT spectral analysis indicates a likely presence of a -ray pulsar within the system. A time-dependent model, in which particle transport is convection-dominated in the inner region (within ) and diffusion-dominated in the outer region, successfully reproduces the observed radial profiles of X-ray surface brightness and spectral index, and also accounts for the TeV -ray emission detected by LHAASO, suggesting that DA~495 represents an evolved PWN with ongoing particle escape that gives rise to a TeV halo component -- that is, a PWN+halo system
Ce que le constitutionnalisme moderne doit à Haïti - repenser la citoyenneté
No full textInternational audienceL'ère des révolutions a été marquée par une activité de conceptualisation juridique et constitutionnelle sans précédent. L'arsenal conceptuel développé à cette période forme encore aujourd'hui la pierre angulaire de nombreux systèmes constitutionnels et sert de référent indépassable pour la science juridique. Pourtant, un regard attentif et critique sur l'utilisation de ces conceptualisations nous amène à la conclusion d'un eurocentrisme dommageable et d'une invisibilisation de créations constitutionnelles et de pans entiers de la pensée politicojuridique issues de cet espace et de cette période. Prendre au sérieux le premier constitutionnalisme haïtien nous permet de souligner ces biais. Nous nous proposons ici de nous consacrer à l'étude d'un concept précis, celui de citoyenneté, pour montrer l'apport de ce premier constitutionnalisme oublié par la science constitutionnelle
Drivers of viral prevalence in landscape‐scale pollinator networks across Europe: honey bee viral density, niche overlap with this reservoir host and network architecture.
No full textInternational audienceViral transfer from managed pollinators potentially threatens wild pollinators and may be exacerbated by land‐use changes. Our causal models and plant‐pollinator network data from 48 European urban and agricultural landscapes revealed the ecological mechanisms underpinning viral transmission. Host identity, network architecture and land‐use modulated viral dynamics (black queen cell virus, BQCV; deformed wing virus, DWV‐A and DWV‐B). Viral prevalence in wild pollinators was driven by viral density in the reservoir host: honey bees, and secondarily by trophic niche overlap with these managed pollinators. Modular networks limited BQCV prevalence, which was driven by reduced honey bee niche overlap, suggesting minimal onward transmission among wild pollinators. Landscapes supporting greater wild pollinator abundance diluted DWV‐B transmission; in urban landscapes managed honey bees and wild pollinators experienced higher and lower BQCV prevalence, respectively. Disease in managed bee colonies and land‐use changes that concentrate pollinator foraging interactions present potential viral risks to wild pollinator health
Designing Support Systems That Empower Entrepreneurs with Disabilities
No full textThe European Business ReviewEntrepreneurship is often promoted as a pathway to autonomy for people with disabilities, yet it frequently relies on fragile and informal support systems. This study shows how social, economic, and care-related dependencies shape entrepreneurial viability, calling for stable, co-designed support mechanisms that foster long-term autonomy rather than precarious independence
Design-driven roadmapping: structuring collective action for sustainability transitions in public transport
No full textInternational audienc
GWTC-4.0: Updating the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog with Observations from the First Part of the Fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Observing Run
No full textInternational audienceVersion 4.0 of the Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-4.0) adds new candidates detected by the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA observatories through the first part of the fourth observing run (O4a: 2023 May 24 15:00:00 to 2024 January 16 16:00:00 UTC) and a preceding engineering run. In this new data, we find 128 new compact binary coalescence candidates that are identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin and that are not vetoed during event validation. We also provide detailed source property measurements for 86 of these that have a false alarm rate < 1 \rm{yr}^{-1}. Based on the inferred component masses, these new candidates are consistent with signals from binary black holes and neutron star-black hole binaries (GW230518_125908 and GW230529_181500). Median inferred component masses of binary black holes in the catalog now range from (GW230627_015337) to (GW231123_135430), while GW231123_135430 was probably produced by the most massive binary observed in the catalog. For the first time we have discovered binary black hole signals with network signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 30, GW230814_230901 and GW231226_01520, enabling high-fidelity studies of the waveforms and astrophysical properties of these systems. Combined with the 90 candidates included in GWTC-3.0, the catalog now contains 218 candidates with and not otherwise vetoed, doubling the size of the catalog and further opening our view of the gravitational-wave Universe