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Advanced digital techniques applied to outcrop models: Integrating Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to support stratigraphic and sedimentological interpretation of reservoir analogs in the Salta Basin, Argentina
No full textInternational audienceDigital Outcrop Models (DOMs), empowered by advanced digital techniques, have revolutionized the study of outcrop analogs for petroleum reservoir characterization by enabling the extraction of key quantitative parameters for modeling. The limited availability of subsurface data often constrains reservoir characterization, making outcrop analogs essential tools for improving geological models. The analogs bridge the gap between borehole-derived information and regional-scale seismic data, providing crucial mesoscale insights. In this context, this study proposes an integrative workflow combining high-resolution sequence stratigraphy (HRSS) with digital techniques to enhance the understanding of depositional settings and extract data from the Balbuena III Sequence of the Salta Basin, Argentina, a well-established stratigraphic basin analog for Brazilian pre-salt carbonate reservoirs. The workflow combines traditional field-based methods with advanced digital techniques applied to photogrammetric data, including Local Binary Pattern (LBP) analysis and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). LBP analysis correlated with stratigraphic interpretation demonstrated promising potential for characterizing the high-frequency cyclicity observed in the study area. CNN-based segmentation classified and delineated eleven lithofacies, including carbonate, siliciclastic, mixed, and volcanic facies. This segmentation allows for the generation of lithofacies-classified 3D point clouds and a detailed spatial representation of facies distribution across the outcrop. Digital approaches enable more in-depth analysis by increasing efficiency, accuracy, and the capacity to analyze large datasets. By combining digital and traditional methods, this work improves the analysis of outcrop analogs, which contributes to more accurate geological modeling and enhances the predictive capability of petroleum fields and hydrocarbon recovery
Interactions between ionizing radiation and Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae on the honeybee, Apis mellifera L.
No full textInternational audienceThe global decline of honeybee colonies represents a major ecological concern, primarily attributed to simultaneous exposure to multiple stressors. These include biotic pressures, such as parasitic infections, and abiotic pressures, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, which remains poorly understood. Assessing their combined effects provides novel insights into how biological and radiological stressors interact within the organism. Here, we investigated the individual and combined effects of Vairimorpha ceranae (formerly Nosema ceranae) infection and chronic gamma irradiation (14 µGy/h or 14 × 10³ µGy/h) on honeybee health. Measurements included survival, syrup consumption, spore load, and biomarkers related to energy metabolism, antioxidant defenses, immunity, detoxification, and neural enzyme activity. Two successive experiments, conducted at different collection periods, allowed us to account for biological variability between bee cohorts. Infection by V. ceranae caused high mortality and major impairments in metabolic, antioxidant, and immune functions. Ionizing radiation induced more moderate effects, characterized by redox imbalance and reduced detoxification capacity, which varied with dose rate. Under combined exposure, the two stressors produced mainly antagonistic interactions affecting antioxidant, immune, and detoxification systems. However, a synergistic effect was observed on ATP production, suggesting an energetic compensation mechanism. These findings highlight complex physiological disturbances, revealing the multifactorial vulnerability of honeybees and emphasizing the need to integrate interactions between multiple stressors and natural biological variability into ecotoxicological assessments
Systematic home visit planning prior to hospital discharge: a propensity-score matched comparative cohort study of over one million mother-infant dyads with one-year follow-up
No full textInternational audienceProblemMaternal mental health problems are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries, yet follow-up after birth remains inconsistent.BackgroundSystematic postnatal home visits are recommended but many women do not receive them. clinical and economic impact of a structured scheduling of visits before discharge has not been fully evaluated.AimTo determine whether systematically arranged postpartum home visits were associated with reduced maternal rehospitalisations for mental health conditions. Secondary objectives included maternal and infant outcomes and healthcare costs within the first year.MethodsWe conducted a matched cohort study using national administrative data from 1297,646 low risk mother-infant dyads. In the intervention group, a midwife home visit was scheduled before discharge. Controls were matched on demographic and obstetric variables. The main outcome was maternal rehospitalisation for mental health conditions (ICD-10 codes F30–F45, F48, including depression or anxiety) within one year postpartum, excluding psychoses (F20–F29). Secondary outcomes included all-cause rehospitalisation for mothers and/or infants, use of emergency services, mortality, and overall healthcare costs.FindingsA scheduled home visit occurred in 95 % of cases in the intervention group, compared to 52 % in controls (p < 0.0001). The intervention was associated with fewer maternal mental health-related rehospitalisations (RR=0.82, p < 0.0001) and slightly reduced overall rehospitalisation rates for mothers and infants. Mortality was unchanged. Mean healthcare costs were marginally lower in the intervention group.DiscussionSystematic discharge planning may improve continuity of care and reduce psychiatric morbidity.ConclusionsPostpartum home visit scheduling supports better outcomes and may offer modest economic benefits
The MetaP-Rhiz Project: Advancing Rhizosphere Microbiota Characterization with metaproteomics approaches
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Characterization of extracellular vesicles at parturition in dairy cows with lategestation heat stress
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigated how late-gestation heat stress (HT) affects extracellular vesicle (EV) protein profiles in dairy cows at parturition. Plasma EV were isolated from heat-stressed and cooled (CL) cows and analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 684 proteins were identified, of which 20 differed significantly between treatments. The EV from cooled cows were enriched in extracellular matrix and coagulation proteins, including laminins, collagen IV, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor. The presence of these proteins in CL cows suggests that cooling enhances molecular pathways involved in tissue repair and postpartum recovery. Conversely, immunoglobulin-related proteins and specific receptors were reduced in cooled cows, potentially reflecting lower immune stress. These findings indicate that HT during late gestation alters EV-mediated signaling related to metabolism, immune modulation, and tissue remodeling at parturition. The identified proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for assessing maternal adaptation and recovery, emphasizing the importance of environmental cooling during the dry period. NTA = nanoparticle tracking analysis; trt = treatment.Highlights• Heat stress during late gestation significantly alters EV content.• Cooling increased extracellular matrix and coagulation proteins, perhaps for tissue repair and postpartum recovery.• Cooling decreased immunoglobulin-related proteins and certain receptors in EV.• Changes in EV proteins may reflect improved recovery and lower immune stress with cooling
Brain size reduction in dogs was already established at least by the Late Neolithic of western Europe, 5,000 years ago
No full textThe timing and causes of brain size reduction in domestic dogs remain uncertain. Using endocast's volume as a proxy for brain size, this study provides a first insight into long-term brain size evolution in the wolf-dog lineage. We compared endocranial volumes of 185 modern and 22 prehistoric wolves and dogs ranging from Western Europe to Australia, and spanning the Pleniglacial (35 Ky BP) to the Late Neolithic (5 Ky BP). Our results reveal that Pleistocene so called "protodogs" show no brain size reduction compared to coeval Pleistocene wolves. Instead, we observed a slightly larger relative endocranial volume in the 35,000-year-old 'protodog' from Goyet, which could suggest increased behavioural flexibility in the presence of humans. This hypothesis needs to be tested further. In contrast, Late Neolithic dogs show a drastic 46% brain size reduction with an endocranial volumes comparable to modern small terrier and toy breeds. The anxious and wary temperaments of these Late Neolithic dogs, induced by the brain tissue reorganization associated with such a size reduction, could have served an alerting purpose, among the many other potential roles dogs could have played within this Late Neolithic socio-ecosystems
First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum and Trichoderma citrinoviride in Montenegro and Evaluation of Their Interaction in Grapevine Trunk Disease Biocontrol Strategies
No full textInternational audienceThis study reports Neofusicoccum parvum for the first time in grapevine planting material in Montenegro, alongside the first detection of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride in the country. Recognising the critical role of healthy planting material in managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs), asymptomatic grafted vines from a domestic nursery and imported sources were analysed. Fungal isolates were recovered from woody tissues and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular sequencing of the ITS, TEF1‐α, TUB2, LSU and RPB2 genes. Neofusicoccum parvum was the sole GTD‐associated pathogen detected, confirming that planting material, particularly imports, represents a major pathway for disease introduction. Considering the analysis of planting material from multiple countries included in this study, these findings have significant phytosanitary implications for both Montenegrin viticulture and viticulture of the Balkan. Trichoderma citrinoviride , isolated from Vitis vinifera cv. Vranac in Montenegro, was evaluated both in vitro and in planta for antagonistic activity against N. parvum , showing promising inhibitory effects. These results highlight the urgent need for strict nursery sanitation and phytosanitary monitoring and provide a basis for further evaluation of T. citrinoviride as a potential biocontrol agent in sustainable GTD management
Dislocation interaction with a tilt low‐angle grain boundary in bi‐crystal SrTiO3
No full textInternational audienceFor potentially wider applications of ceramics with dislocation‐tuned mechanical and functional properties, it is pertinent to achieve dislocation engineering in polycrystalline ceramics. However, grain boundaries (GBs) in general are effective barriers for dislocation glide and often result in crack formation when plastic deformation in ceramics is attempted at room temperature. To develop strategies for crack suppression, it is critical to understand the fundamental processes for dislocation–GB interaction. For this purpose, we adopt a model system of bi‐crystal SrTiO3 with a 4° tilt GB, which consists of an array of edge dislocations. Room‐temperature Brinell indentation was used to generate a plastic zone at the mesoscale without crack formation, allowing for direct assessment of GB‐dislocation interaction in bulk samples. Together with dislocation etch pits imaging and transmission electron microscopy analysis, we observe dislocation pileup, storage, and transmission across the low‐angle tilt GB. Our experimental observations reveal new insight into dislocation–GB interaction at room temperature at the mesoscale.Pour élargir les applications potentielles des céramiques aux propriétés mécaniques et fonctionnelles ajustées par dislocation, il est pertinent de réaliser une ingénierie de dislocation dans les céramiques polycristallines. Cependant, les joints de grains (GB) constituent généralement des barrières efficaces pour le glissement des dislocations et entraînent souvent la formation de fissures lorsque l'on tente de déformer plastiquement les céramiques à température ambiante. Pour développer des stratégies de suppression des fissures, il est essentiel de comprendre les processus fondamentaux de l'interaction entre les dislocations et les joints de grains. À cette fin, nous adoptons un système modèle de SrTiO3 bicristallin avec un joint de grain de flexion de 4°, qui consiste en un réseau de dislocations coin. L'indentation Brinell à température ambiante a été utilisée pour générer une zone plastique à l'échelle mésoscopique sans formation de fissures, ce qui a permis d'évaluer directement l'interaction entre les joints de grains et les dislocations dans des échantillons massifs. Grâce à l'imagerie des piqûres de dislocation et à l'analyse par microscopie électronique à transmission, nous observons l'accumulation, le stockage et la transmission des dislocations à travers le joint de grains à faible angle d'inclinaison. Nos observations expérimentales révèlent de nouvelles informations sur l'interaction entre les dislocations et les joints de grains à température ambiante à l'échelle mésoscopique
The recharge illusion: How seasonal surface loading can hide continuing groundwater resource declines in confined deltaic aquifers
No full textInternational audienceReliable estimates of groundwater recharge are critical for managing water resources and preventing groundwater depletion. However, groundwater recharge estimates can be distorted when loading signals are mistakenly interpreted as signs of groundwater recharge. This study introduces a novel extension to existing frequency-domain methods to quantify loading imprints in groundwater measurements by disentangling superposing signals from Earth, atmospheric, ocean, and river tides, using the K1 tidal constituent to remove the river tide influence. This approach enables the application of frequency-domain methods for calculating the loading efficiency in deltaic groundwater systems, where superposing multiple forcings govern tidal constituents in groundwater heads. Using multi-factor regression deconvolution analysis, surface loading signals are removed from groundwater head time series. Applying this method to groundwater head data from the southern Vietnamese Mekong Delta strongly suggests that the observed seasonal rise in groundwater heads does not reflect recharge. Instead, the apparent upward trend in uncorrected data is attributed to mechanical surface loading from seasonal surface water accumulation linked to expanding aquaculture. The loading-corrected time series show a consistent decline during both dry and rainy seasons, aligning with observed annual depletion rates. This indicates a deficiency of net effective groundwater recharge throughout the year, reflecting unsustainable groundwater exploitation practices. The methods and findings of this study offer a scientific framework for the analysis of multiple superimposed surface loading processes in deltaic aquifer systems, thereby enhancing groundwater recharge assessments in such hydrogeological environments
