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Preparation and Calibration of 17 O-Enriched Nitrite Isotope Standards
No full textInternational audienceThe oxygen-17 isotope anomaly (Δ17O) serves as a powerful tool to elucidate the chemical transformation mechanisms of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species such as NO2 and HONO. Current studies employ denuder collection methods to convert atmospheric NO2 and HONO into nitrite for isotopic analysis. However, accurate Δ17O measurement of atmospheric NO2 and HONO is hampered by the lack of internationally recognized nitrite isotope reference materials with applicable Δ17O signals. In this study, we prepared new nitrite isotope standards with nonzero Δ17O signals through oxygen isotope exchange between high-purity nitrite reagents and 17O-enriched water. Using a developed ozone oxidation calibration method, the Δ17O values of a newly prepared nitrite standard (i.e., N-Δ17O-1) and the international nitrite reference material RSIL-N10219 were determined as (69.7 ± 1.0) ‰ (n = 10, 1σ) and (−8.7 ± 0.3) ‰ (n = 11, 1σ), respectively. The two additional O-17-enriched nitrite standards were then measured and calibrated against RSIL-N10219 and N-Δ17O-1, yielding Δ17O values of (34.5 ± 0.3) ‰ (n = 6, 1σ) and (6.4 ± 0.1) ‰ (n = 8, 1σ), respectively. The δ15N and δ18O values of the three homemade nitrite isotope standards were also calibrated against international nitrite reference materials. This study introduces a new and reliable method to obtain the Δ17O values of nitrite, and the establishment of Δ17O values of nitrite standards provides a foundation for accurately assessing Δ17O variations of atmospheric NO2 and HONO. The latter will facilitate the application of the Δ17O tracer in investigating atmospheric cycling of reactive nitrogen and radicals
Consumer acceptance of cultured meat and its determinants among Turkish adults
No full textInternational audienceCultured meat is emerging as a sustainable and ethical alternative to conventional meat, yet consumer acceptance varies globally. In Türkiye, where meat consumption is culturally significant, awareness and acceptance remain underexplored. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between December 2023 and September 2024 among 1,169 adults residing in Türkiye to assess familiarity, perception, willingness to try, eat, and pay for cultured meat, and attitudes toward its perceived benefits and risks. Results showed limited familiarity (46%) and low willingness to try (23%) or regularly to consume cultured meat, with main barriers including perceived unnaturalness, safety concerns, and distrust. Curiosity (29%) and concerns related to global food security (22%) were the most frequently reported motivations. Familiarity with cultured meat was associated with lower willingness to try and to eat cultured meat regularly. Acceptance varied by age, education, income, region, and meat consumption habits. Participants preferred the term “artificial meat” but largely opposed labeling cultured meat as “meat”. These findings highlight cultural and perceptual challenges in Türkiye, suggesting that transparent, evidence-based communication addressing safety and ethical concerns, alongside culturally sensitive terminology, may enhance acceptance of cultured meat
Paternal determinants of Offspring Sex Ratio in horses: A retrospective analysis of stallion breed, age, and breeding method
No full textInternational audienceOffspring Sex Ratio (OSR) at birth in mammals is generally assumed to follow a 1:1 male-tofemale distribution, yet deviations in OSR have been observed and may be influenced by maternal and paternal factors. In this study we have focused on the effect of paternal factors (stallion age and breed) and breeding methods on the OSR. Using a retrospective dataset of 251,783 foal births recorded in France between 2015 and 2024, we applied generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the effects of these variables on the likelihood of producing a female foal. Stallion identity was included as a random effect. Our analysis revealed that stallion breed and breeding methods significantly influenced the sex ratio, while stallion age did not. The Anglo-Arab, Comtois, and French Sport Horse stallions were more likely to sire female foals compared to the French Trotter. Pasture breeding was associated with a higher proportion of female offspring, whereas artificial insemination using frozen or refrigerated semen reduced this likelihood. Overall, deviations in OSR were toward female offspring and were associated with stallion breed and breeding method. These patterns suggest possible contributions from paternal factors, including breed-related differences in semen characteristics and post-meiotic or peri-fertilization processessuch as semen handling, preservation, and insemination timing-that may differentially affect X-and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Maternal factors previously reported to influence Offspring Sex Ratio cannot be excluded as contributors to the observed patterns
Assessing environmental impacts of equine systems using LCA: innovative methodological framework and case study
No full textInternational audiencePurpose. Methodological frameworks that standardise life cycle assessment (LCA) exist for most types of livestock to make case studies more directly comparable, but no complete framework exists for equines. This study aimed to develop a methodological framework for assessing environmental impacts of equine systems using LCA. Methods. We created a framework based on the literature, the ISO 14040 standard and expert consultations and then applied it to a case study of a riding school.Results. The framework considered the diversity of equines systems, such as racing stables, riding schools, and breeders. Equine systems having different functions, several functional units were considered related to a system's activity (e.g. competition, hour of activity), to assess a service. Another functional unit allowed systems benchmarking: the number of livestock units, a common characteristic. The framework considered the entire life cycle of equines and background data for buildings, materials, energy, and water use. Most emission models selected came from the Agribalyse ® framework. Equinespecific emission models were used for enteric methane and nitrogen excretion. One riding lesson had a climate change impact of 14.3 kg CO 2 eq/h. Including the growing and retirement phases is important when assessing impacts of equine activity, as they contribute 27-41% of total impacts. Conclusions. The framework covers 96% of equines systems in France. It enables equine systems to be assessed as both agricultural systems and providers of leisure services
Cyclopeptide-Based Fluorescent Conjugates for Monitoring Prefibrillar Aβ Nanostructures
No full textInternational audienceAmyloid-β (Aβ1–42) prefibrillar aggregates are considered the most neurotoxic amyloid species, yet their transient and heterogeneous nature makes selective detection challenging. Many fluorescent probes also fail to discriminate Aβ from homologous peptides such as IAPP, leading to poor specificity. We report a peptide-guided late-stage diversification strategy to generate BODIPY-based probes highly selective for prefibrillar Aβ1–42. A rationally engineered cyclic peptide derived from the C-terminal region of Aβ1–42 provides conformational rigidity and precise molecular recognition. Conjugation to BODIPY fluorophores afforded peptide–dye hybrids systematically evaluated for selectivity and photophysical response. A controlled aggregation protocol enabling reproducible generation of prefibrillar Aβ species was established to validate probe performance. A Sonogashira-derived conjugate (probe 8) showed strong fluorescence turn-on and selective affinity for prefibrillar Aβ1–42, with no response to IAPP aggregates. In neuronal cells, probe 8 outperformed conventional antibodies, supporting its potential for mechanistic studies and early Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics
Les adjoint•es en charge des sports ont perdu de leur prestige
No full textInternational audienceTo mark the special issue of Jurisport on “Sports in the Countryside,” Alexandre Morteau offered me “free rein” to write about elected officials responsible for sports. More than 10 years ago, I published an initial study in the journal “Sciences sociales et sport” examining the characteristics of these deputy mayors in a sample of 321 French cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants (2008–2014 term). I wanted to analyze how the situation has evolved by comparing them with their counterparts from the current term (2020–2026) in those same 321 cities.À l'occasion du numéro spécial de Jurisport sur "Le sport en campagne", Alexandre Morteau m'a proposé une "carte blanche" sur les élus en charge des sports. J'avais publié il y a plus de 10 ans dans la revue "Sciences sociales et sport" une première étude portant sur les caractéristiques de ces adjoint·es dans un échantillon de 321 villes françaises de plus de 10 000 habitants (mandature 2008-2014). J'ai souhaité analyser l'évolution de la situation en les comparant avec leurs homologues de la mandature finissante (2020-2026) dans ces mêmes 321 villes
Shotgun sequencing data and SSR mining data of aibika (Abelmoschus manihot, Malvaceae)
No full textInternational audienceAibika (Abelmoschus manihot) is a tropical leafy vegetable with great potential in the prevention of malnutrition. Its high fibre and micronutrient content makes it a valuable complement to staple foods such as rice and starchy crops consumed in South Asia and the Pacific. The present study is the first to report the development of a set of 21 nuclear single sequence repeat (SSR) markers of A. manihot from genomic sequence data obtained using NGS technology. The DNA library was prepared from a pool of four aibika accessions and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq system. A total of 1,295,217 pair-end reads were generated. Raw data are available in the European Nucleotide Archive (accession number PRJEB88210). The sequences were assembled using the ABySS software. In total 651,320 contigs were generated. Using MISA Perl script and Primer3 software, we identified 8014 SSR motifs, of which 4637 had a suitable primer design. The contigs were blasted with NCBI-BLAST on okra reference genome. After selection based on motif type, repeat length, amplicon size and occurrence blast, we retained 91 candidate SSR loci, which were tested on 23 aibika accessions. Finally, we validated 21 high quality SSR loci by genotyping 45 accessions from three Pacific countries. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 21 with an average of 7.81 alleles/locus. The 21 selected SSRs were found to be useful in discriminating between accessions and revealing the diversity structure of A. manihot. They will help to optimize genebanks management and breeding programmes, and guide future collection activities
Do regional background sites capture changes in primary PM2.5 emissions at the national scale? Recent trends in PM2.5 in rural environments in metropolitan France
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Les investissements numériques dans les exploitations agricoles françaises: Une classification selon les coûts totaux de possession farms
No full textInternational audienceDigital tool adoption depends, beyond the purchase price, on the total cost of ownership (TCO). Our analysis cross-references the commercial supply recorded in an original database (AgriTechCost_DB) and the usage observed in the 2020 agricultural census. The estimation of a TCO per farm, which depends on the combinations of adopted tools and their estimated cost, makes it possible to establish a classification of investment levels (low, medium or high). The results reveal a diversified supply of digital tools, primarily focused on crop production. In 2020, 59% of farms were using digital tools, mostly those with larger farmland and economic size. Low or moderate investments are predominant in specialized crop farming, whereas the share of high investments is larger in livestock farms.L’adoption d’outils numériques dépend, au-delà de leur prix d’achat, de leur coût total de possession (CTP). L’analyse des auteurs croise l’offre commerciale recensée dans une base de données originale (AgriTechCost_DB) et l’usage observé dans le recensement agricole de 2020. L’estimation, par exploitation, d’un CTP qui dépend des combinaisons d’outils utilisés et de leur coût estimé permet d’établir un classement des niveaux d’investissement (faible, moyen ou fort). Les résultats révèlent une offre variée, centrée sur la production végétale. En 2020, 59 % des exploitations étaient équipées d’outils numériques, surtout celles de surface agricole utile et de dimension économique plus élevées. Les investissements faibles ou moyens dominent en grandes cultures, tandis que les plus forts concernent les exploitations d’élevage
Low-Complexity and Consistent Graphon Estimation from Multiple Networks
No full textInternational audienceRecovering the random graph model from an observed collection of networks is known to present significant challenges in the setting, where the networks do not share a common node set and have different sizes. More specifically, the goal is the estimation of the graphon function that parametrizes the nonparametric exchangeable random graph model. Recovering the graphon from a collection of networks is known to present significant challenges in the setting, where the observed networks do not share a common node set and have different sizes. Existing methods typically suffer from either limited accuracy or high computational complexity. We introduce a new histogram-based estimator with low algorithmic complexity that achieves high accuracy by jointly aligning the nodes of all graphs, in contrast to most conventional methods that order nodes graph by graph. Consistency results of the proposed graphon estimator are established. A numerical study shows that the proposed estimator outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy, especially when the dataset comprises only small and variable-size networks. Moreover, the computing time of the new method is considerably shorter than that of other consistent methodologies. Additionally, when applied to a graph neural network classification task, the proposed estimator enables more effective data augmentation, yielding improved performance across diverse real-world datasets