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Ultrasound-Assisted Depolymerization Process of Kraft Lignin by Laccase-Mediator System from Industrial Black Liquor
No full textInternational audienceThe recycling of industrial biomass waste, such as black liquor rich in lignin from the pulp and paper industry, represents a sustainable strategy to reduce environmental impact and promote resource valorization. Enzymatic depolymerization of lignin is considered a promising approach due to the high specificity of lignin-degrading enzymes. However, lignin's poor solubility in aqueous and acidic conditions, combined with its structural complexity and recalcitrance, limits its enzymatic reactivity. In this study, Trametes versicolor laccase was used to depolymerize lignin following a sonication pretreatment designed to improve its solubility and reactivity. Response surface methodology (RSM) identified lignin concentration and sonication time as the most influential parameters for optimizing pretreatment efficiency. The enzymatic depolymerization process revealed a competition between condensation and depolymerization reactions. Characterization of the reaction products using GPC, FTIR, and NMR confirmed the formation of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. These findings highlight the effectiveness of sonication as a pretreatment method to enhance enzymatic lignin degradation. Future research will focus on integrating depolymerization and product separation processes to limit lignin repolymerization and increase the yield of depolymerized aromatic products
A Demand-Side Driven Explanation of Niche Lobbying: A Theory and Some Application to Climate-Biodiversity Policy
No full textNational audienceThis paper develops a model of niche lobbying in which interest groups endogenously specialize in the acquisition of distinct types of policy-relevant information. Contrary to the view that niche strategies are chosen to soften competition and secure autonomy, we show that specialization arises as a self-enforcing equilibrium even though groups would prefer to compete over the same informational dimensions. The mechanism is demand-driven: when information acquisition is private and nonverifiable, the decision-maker’s inference from silence intensifies informational pressure on specialized groups, increasing the burden of information acquisition. We discuss the implications of these results for interest groups influence in climate and biodiversity policy
Influence of terroirs on the phenolic composition and astringency of wines made from representative plots of Corbières subregions
No full textInternational audiencePhenolic compounds play a significant role in the organoleptic properties (colour, astringency, and bitterness) and stability of wines through oxidative processes. These properties depend on both intrinsic factors, such as grape variety, and extrinsic ones, such as soil, climate, and winemaking techniques. The Corbières appellation is a renowned red grape variety region of the south of France. This work evaluated the effect of soil, climate, and vineyard practices in this region on the polyphenolic compositions of Syrah, Grenache, Carignan, and Mourvèdre mono-varietal wines produced at an experimental scale from the same vintage. A general and targeted study of the wines' polyphenol profiles was adopted, focusing on anthocyanins, derived pigments, and tannins. The studied regions can be discriminated in terms of some of the analysed parameters depending on grape variety. Moreover, through a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) sensorial analysis, a link was traced between the tannin composition and the astringency perception of the wines.</div
Même virus, répercussions différentes : conséquences de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur la santé des immigrés et des natifs en France
No full textEuropean Programmes, National Views: Is the Institutional Framework of Armaments Co‐Operation Facing an Unsurpassable Horizon? The Case of OCCAr and the Global Balance Rule
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the institutional design of industrial defence co‐operation in Europe, based on a study of the Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation (OCCAr). At the heart of the agency's mandate lies the global balance rule, intended to overcome the inefficiencies of juste retour by ensuring long‐term equity between participants across multiple programmes. Building on an economic reading of OCCAr's founding texts and management procedures, we propose a conceptual model, from which two working hypotheses are derived. First, that existing arrangements may not always prevent larger states from primarily securing higher value industrial activities, potentially limiting the prospects for smaller partners willing to integrate the European Defence Technological and Industrial Base. Second, that participants could in practice display a preference for short‐term national interests, which may in turn undermine the long‐term equilibrium initially envisaged. These hypotheses are tested through a qualitative case study of the A400M programme, which remains OCCAr's flagship project to date. Findings suggest that although OCCAr introduces innovative institutional mechanisms, state practices can nuance the theoretical framework's range. A comparison with competing programmes such as the C‐130J and C‐390 illustrates how different institutional settings shape industrial organisation and strategic outcomes
Meta-analysis of reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness and impact of interventions in patients with cirrhosis
No full textInternational audienc
Compte rendu du Colloque sur la journée des données des Plateformes d'Alliance Sorbonne Université: Enjeux et outils de gestion des données des Plateformes
No full textInternational audienceThis document summarizes and expands on certain concepts and tools presented during the “Alliance Sorbonne University Platform Data Day” on the management of research data from platforms, the recordings of which are available at the following link: https://d-videothequepeertube.sorbonne-universite.fr/c/donnees_plateformes_asu/videos. The program for the day is presented at the end of the document. The aim was to address concepts found in data management plans (DMPs) and adapt them to the platform level. In this document, you will find a definition of platforms and their roles, and a presentation on the scientific issues related to the platform DMP, an entity that plays an active role in the research ecosystem, contributing to the reuse and preservation of research data. Another presentation outlines the complex legal context of platforms, followed by a presentation on the storage, backup, and archiving of platform data. Several tools that assist in research data management are discussed: Collec-Science for samples, the CLE electronic laboratory notebook project, OpenIris for documents and equipment, and the IFB instance of DSW to assist in the drafting of PGDs.Ce document synthétise et développe certaines notions et certains outils, présentés à l'occasion de la « journée des données des plateformes d'Alliance Sorbonne Université », sur la gestion des données de la recherche des plateformes dont les enregistrements sont disponibles sur le lien suivant https://d-videothequepeertube.sorbonne-universite.fr/c/donnees_plateformes_asu/videos. Le programme de cette journée est présenté en fin de document. L'objectif de cette journée était d'aborder des notions présentes dans les plans de gestion de données (PGD) et de les adapter au niveau des plateformes. Dans ce document vous trouverez une définition des plateformes et de leurs rôles, et une présentation sur les enjeux scientifiques liés au PGD plateforme, entité actrice de l'écosystème de la recherche contribuant à la réutilisation et à la pérennisation des données de recherche. Une autre présentation restitue le cadre réglementaire complexe des plateformes, suivie d'une présentation sur le stockage, la sauvegarde et l'archivage des données des ces dernières. Quelques outils qui aident à la gestion des données de la recherche sont abordés : Collec-Science pour les échantillons, le projet CLE du cahier de laboratoire électronique, OpenIris pour les documents et les équipements, et l'instance IFB de DSW pour aider à la rédaction de PGD
Human-Robot Interactions in Investment Decisions
No full textNational audienceWe study the introduction of robo-advising on a large representa-tive sample of Employee Saving Plans. Dierently from many services that fully automate portfolio decisions, our robo-advisor proposes in- vestment and rebalancing strategies, leaving investors free to follow or ignore them. We focus on the resulting human-robot interactions and show that with the robo-service investors increase their attention to the portfolio, their investment in the plan, their equity exposure. They experience higher risk-adjusted returns, mostly by changing their re-balancing so to stay closer to the target. These eects are robust across various specications accounting for the endogeneity of the take-up decision, and they are stronger for investors with smaller portfolios, lower baseline returns and stock market participation. Our results suggest that automated advice can promote nancial inclusion, and they high- light how human-robot interactions can in uence investors' portfolio decisions and possibly improve nancial capability
The ecological role of hydromorphology, assessed through the new LHYMO index, in sustaining lake macroinvertebrate biodiversity and function
No full textA Human Oral Bacterial β-Glucosidase Involved in Aroma Release from Glycosides
No full textInternational audienceFlavor perception is driven by the interplay of gustation, olfaction, and somatosensory inputs. Among the factors influencing flavor perception, the enzymatic activity of oral bacterial glycosidases plays a role in modulating taste and aroma, generating aroma molecules from glycosidic precursors. This study investigates the in vitro capacity of oral bacterial β-glucosidases to hydrolyze glycosidic aroma precursors. Seven candidate enzymes from oral bacteria were recombinantly produced and screened for glycosidase activity. Among them, only the β-glucosidase from Prevotella sp. (PsBG1) showed hydrolytic activity toward chromogenic substrates and the aroma glucosides tested, leading to the release of salicylaldehyde, hexanol, and octanol, as confirmed by GC–MS. Structural analysis of PsBG1 revealed key residues involved in substrate recognition and catalysis. These results identify a specific oral bacterial enzyme capable of releasing aroma-active compounds from glycosides in vitro, suggesting a potential contribution of oral microbiota enzymatic activity to in-mouth aroma release