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Integration of experimental protocols in Galaxy platform to facilitate the FAIRification of data
No full textInternational audienc
A situated proposal for a grounded approach to socio-hydrology
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616193/)International audienceSocio-hydrology, a range of attempts to better account for 'the social' in hydrological processes, has made significant progress during the Panta Rhei scientific decade of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. Yet, where socio-hydrological studies continue prioritizing hydrological dynamics in explanations and solutions, critical social science studies continue to remain reluctant to engage in helping solve water problems, especially when this involves quantification. This Special Issue gathers contributions that share the ambition to enhance methodological symmetry between hydrological and social science forms of knowledge-making. Realizing this ambition hinges on (1) revisiting hydrology's epistemological preference for detachment, distance and replicability, replacing it with more modest forms of situated engagement that explicitly (re-)connect socio-hydrological knowledge-making to (always specific and political) places, waters, experiences, people, concerns and actions, and (2) inviting critical social science to leave the comfort of moral high grounds to become engaged in the design and development of practical solutions. This grounding of socio-hydrology takes the form of situated engagement and makes resulting knowledge both more accurate and more actionable, better linking proposed solutions to the transformations towards sustainability and justice that are so urgently needed
Rethinking Central Bank Money: The Endogeneity of CBDCs and post-Keynesian Theory
No full textInternational audienceThis paper examines how Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) interact with post-Keynesian theories of endogenous money, focusing on two main issuance scenarios: conversion from existing bank deposits and discretionary issuance by the central bank. By mobilising the debate between horizontalists, structuralists and institutionalists, our analysis shows that issuing CBDCs against deposits is fully compatible with endogenous money theory. Discretionary issuance, where money would be created without prior demand for it and with no relation to banks’ financing operations, raises critical questions and challenges traditional post-Keynesian views, as it introduces an exogenous component into the money supply. However, drawing on recent theoretical advances, particularly the distinction between instrument-level and system-level endogeneity, we argue that CBDCs may transform monetary regimes without necessarily undermining the endogeneity of money at the system level. Although CBDCs do not inherently undermine the endogeneity of money, their macroeconomic impact and political acceptability depend on their design and the broader institutional context. In particular, discretionary issuance opens new possibilities for monetary policy, akin to a digital form of helicopter money, but raises important concerns regarding central bank independence, financial stability, and democratic legitimacy
Improving the Late Devonian plant record of Australia : A Frasnian assemblage from Gooloogong, New South Wales
No full textInternational audienceFor Devonian palaeobotany, Australia represents one of the most geologically welldocumented areas of the understudied Gondwana palaeocontinent. Despite this asset, the Australian plant record is still insufficiently known for this period. This situation is detrimental to a satisfactory understanding of the evolution and diversification patterns of vascular plants at a crucial moment in Earth's history, when they acquired modern attributes and when the main extant lineages originated.This paper documents a plant assemblage from a locality near the town of Gooloogong in central New South Wales, based on fossils collected by A. Ritchie and R. Jones of the Australian Museum, Sydney, in 1973. Additional material was collected in 2004 by our team. Fossils are preserved in the form of casts, adpressions preserving external morphology, and permineralizations showing internal anatomy. The Lycopsida are represented by Leptophloeum rhombicum, the Cladoxylopsida by Denglongia cf. hubeiensis, and the Progymnospermopsida by various organs attributed to the Archaeopteridales, i.e. a root of Callixylon sp., branches of Archaeopteris sp., and a leaf of Archaeopteris macilenta.This association, which is typical of the Frasnian of South China supports a Frasnian age for the Gooloogong plant assemblage. It also confirms the existence of floristic exchanges between the northeastern part of Gondwana and South China at this time, and supports a trend towards the homogeneization of floras during the Late Devonian.</p
Weakening of hen egg vitelline membrane during egg storage at room temperature is associated with modifications of its mass, thickness and proteomic profile
No full textInternational audienceThe hen egg vitelline membrane is a protein layer surrounding the egg yolk. The integrity of this membrane is important for both the shell egg and the egg products industries; however, its physical properties are altered during prolonged storage, depending on storage temperature. This study aimed to identify the structural and molecular changes of the hen egg vitelline membrane during a 28-day storage at +4 °C and +20 °C using a combination of physicochemical, ultrastructural and proteomic approaches. Our results demonstrated that the degradation of the vitelline membrane during storage at +20 °C was associated with a significant loss of dry matter, a decrease in the thickness of the outer vitelline membrane layer, and alterations in its proteome. Indeed, the abundance of two main components of the outer layer, namely ovomucin and VMO1, decreased during storage at room temperature. VMO1 actually dissociates from the vitelline membrane during egg storage and accumulates in the egg white. Taken together, these results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of alterations of the vitelline membrane during the storage of eggs at room temperature, and provide evidence that VMO1 is a major biomarker of the integrity of the vitelline membrane
TTargeting of the barley cell-surface receptor SRF3 by the Blumeria hordei effector AVRA13 overlaps with AVRA13 recognition by MLA and the induction of NLR-mediated cell death
No full textPathogens secrete effector proteins to promote virulence. Despite their recognition by barley Mla resistance genes, the structurally-related Blumeria hordei (Bh) AVR A effectors are maintained in the Bh genome, suggesting virulence functions critical for fungal pathogenicity.Using proximity-dependent protein labelling in transgenic barley, we detected distinct host protein interactomes for five AVR A s despite their structural homology and convergence on MLAs. We report the specific interaction of the highly conserved AVR A13 effector with the barley cell-surface receptor SRF3. AVR A13 disrupts HvSRF3-HvBAK1 interaction and alters HvSRF3 plasma membrane levels. AVR a13 -expression desensitizes iron-induced restriction of Bh growth, suggesting that AVR A13 facilitates fungal proliferation by manipulating SRF3mediated iron homeostasis. Our results suggest that MLAs have diversified to specifically detect the residues that underly Bh effector neo-functionalization and intrinsic AVR A virulence functions. Together, these findings identify SRF3 as molecular link between pathogen virulence, immune recognition, and iron homeostasis
Injury risk and workload analysis in elite adolescent female volleyball players using machine learning
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: This study investigates the key variables influencing injury occurrence in elite-level female volleyball players. It aims to evaluate three hypotheses: (1) the quantification of workload using the "System Training Response" score provides a superior explanation and prediction of injury occurrence compared to traditional methods such as sum or mean; (2) both menses and external workload serve as primary variables that explain injury occurrence; and (3) non-linear models yield better explanatory and predictive capabilities for injury occurrence than linear models. METHODS: Nineteen elite female volleyball players were monitored throughout a 190-day competitive season, during which various training-related parameters were collected. These parameters included internal and external workload quantification and menses data. To analyze and predict injury occurrence, machine learning techniques were employed, with a particular emphasis on Random Forest models. RESULTS: The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance in describing injury occurrence, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87. Key variables identified as significant contributors to injury occurrence included the players’ age, menses status, and the percentage of intense jumps executed. Furthermore, the cross-validation procedure conducted on a reserved portion of the dataset yielded positive results, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74, indicating a good generalization performance of the model. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that intense training prior to performance may increase the risk of injury, while older players appear to exhibit a lower risk of injury. These insights highlight the importance of tailored training strategies that consider both physiological factors and individual player profiles to mitigate injury risks in elite female volleyball athletes, including the presence or absence of menstruation with associated discomfort, which appears to be a relevant factor
Lighting up the underground: Enhancing growth-ring detection in grassland subshrubs using autofluorescence and histochemistry
No full textInternational audienceHighlights: • Autofluorescence is a useful tool to identify rings and cell types in shrubby wood. • FASGA staining improved contrast between fibers and parenchyma, aiding ring limits. • Mäule staining highlighted ring boundaries based on lignin type (S/G) differences. • Underground organs had high starch reserves, indicating energy storage for resprout.Abstract: Growth rings in woody plants form in response to seasonal variation in the environment and are fundamental to dendrochronological studies, but estimating plant ages—especially in underexplored growth forms such as forbs, shrubs and subshrubs from grasslands—remains challenging. Here, we address a knowledge gap in the anatomy and histochemistry of subshrubs from natural Cerrado grasslands and evaluate their potential for dendrochronological applications. We studied underground woody organs of Jacaranda decurrens, Lippia lupulina, and Mandevilla longiflora, collected at the Santa Bárbara Ecological Station (Brazil). We used autofluorescence microscopy and a suite of histochemical tests targeting structural and non-structural compounds. Autofluorescence allowed spatial assessment of wood tissues without staining, and improved growth-ring visualization. FASGA staining increased contrast between fibers and parenchyma, facilitating tissue discrimination and growth-ring delimitation, while Mäule staining highlighted differences in cell-wall composition and guaiacyl/syringyl (G/S) ratios throughout growth-ring formation. Starch was consistently detected in parenchymatic cells of all species (lowest in J. decurrens, intermediate in L. lupulina, highest in M. longiflora), and its spatial association with parenchyma aided growth-ring identification. Combining fluorescence and histochemical approaches provides complementary insights into the anatomy and chemistry of underground organs and advances dendrochronological studies in grassland ecosystems
Method: Modelling resource acquisition and allocation – extension and calibration of a cow model to a sheep
No full textInternational audienceSimulation models are suitable to investigate how complex systems respond to changes. This is of particular interest regarding animal feed efficiency as this trait must be evaluated throughout the entire lifetime and thus is affected by trade-offs between physiological functions. The aim was to extend and calibrate the dynamic, mechanistic simulation model “Acquisition and Allocation” (AQAL) from dairy cows to reproductive ewes. This model was originally developed for investigating the effects of resource acquisition and allocation potentials on feed efficiency but also allows investigation of trade-offs between life functions. The model represents an individual female from birth to death or herd exit and uses four input parameters to describe the resource acquisition ability and allocation potential. The obtained energy is split between life functions such as maintenance, growth, reproduction and lactation. By including reproductive management rules, it allows for shifts between physiological stages, which then feedback and affect the current acquisition ability and resource allocation. To adapt the model to a reproductive ewe, we have included a litter size effect, an acquisition capacity linked to gestation, and a seasonal conception probability. The litter size is influenced by the proportion of fat in empty body weight at conception, and it affects the acquisition linked to gestation, the allocation to gestation and the allocation to lactation. We also incorporated the energetic costs of the gravid uterus depending on litter size. We use three different acquisition-allocation profiles to test the consistency of the litter size effect. We show that the model simulates consistent lifetime trajectories of reproductive ewes and that the effect of litter size adequately reflects the demands of increased litter size within the different acquisition/allocation profiles
Subsoils, but not toeslopes, store millennia-old PyC in a gently sloping catchment under temperate climate after centuries of cultivation
No full textInternational audiencePyrogenic carbon (PyC) is the carbonaceous solid residue of incomplete combustion of biomass. It is a continuum of mostly condensed and aromatic molecules. PyC persists for longer in soils relative to non-PyC organic carbon. However, estimates of PyC residence time vary greatly. The time and spatial scales investigated are not always adapted to the long-residence time and vertical and lateral mobility of PyC in the soil profile and the landscape. In addition, agricultural land-use and shallow slopes are under-represented in the PyC literature.We measured the concentrations and stocks of PyC down to 60 cm along three toposequences in a small agricultural catchment with shallow slopes and homogeneous soil parent material in the west of France. We used two methods (chemo-thermal oxidation – CTO and hydropyrolysis – HyPy) of PyC quantification that cover the intermediate to highly condensed part of the PyC continuum, and also measured the radiocarbon values in both total soil organic carbon (SOC) and the PyC fraction. There was likely little persistent PyC inputs to the catchment in the last 150 years which gave us access to the resultant, long term PyC distribution in the landscape. In particular, we aimed to investigate whether the vertical and horizontal distribution of PyC were similar or differed from SOC and whether they were affected by the soil types along the slope.Topographic position was not the main driver of PyC stocks in this landscape. The stock of PyCCTO to 60 cm depth averaged 2.5 ± 0.22 t ha−1 across topographic positions. PyC stocks were the highest in a Solimovic Cambisol at the toeslope (3.3 ± 0.26 t ha−1), likely formed following changes in erosion dynamics with land-use. Contrary to previous reports, erosion redistributed already aged PyC without enrichment or depletion. PyCHyPy concentrations in the topsoil decreased from upslope (median = 1.6, IQR = 0.22 g C kg−1 soil) to downslope positions (median = 1.10, IQR = 0.40 g C kg−1 soil), which we tentatively attribute to PyCHyPy leaching following the destabilisation of mineral associations with iron oxides in the water-table affected portion of the transects. The subsoil (30–60 cm) represented between 37 % and 51 % of the PyCCTO stock. PyCHyPy proportion in SOC increased with depth and reached an average of 11 ± 3.3 % at 50–60 cm depth. PyCHyPy had an uncalibrated radiocarbon age of 2520 to 9600 years BP at this depth, significantly older than bulk SOC at the same depth and than PyCHyPy at 0–10 cm (1530 to 2630 years BP). These results confirm the long persistence of PyC in soils and point to a slow advection of PyC towards the soil depth under the pedoclimatic conditions of our study area.Future studies should assess whether erosion modalities and age and quality of PyC affect its fate during erosion events. Identifying the proportion of PyC produced which is quickly transported away from the watershed and that which remains and is stabilised in soils for millennia after a fire is an important knowledge gap that still needs to be investigated to close the terrestrial PyC budget