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Values shared by journals of learned societies, associations and scientific institutions in animal science
No full textThis paper was jointly developed by animal, animal-open space, Journal of Dairy Science, JDS communications, Poultry Science, Journal of Applied Poultry Research, Journal of Animal Science, Translational Animal Science and jointly published by Elsevier Limited and Oxford University Press. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either citation can be used when citing this article.International audienc
Branching Varies with Light Limitation Scenarios in relation with Changes in Carbon Source-Sink Dynamics
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Bud outgrowth is a major component of plant architectural plasticity and is influenced by light conditions. While the inhibitory effect of low light intensity on branching is well documented, the underlying regulators remain debated and, especially, the role of sugar availability has never been thoroughly evaluated. Here, we combined experiments with a computational approach quantifying carbon source-sink balance in single-axis rose plants to investigate how continuous and transient light limitation regulate bud outgrowth. Continuous low light reduced photosynthesis, leading to decreased sugar availability and inhibited bud outgrowth. In contrast, a transient period of low light followed by high light unexpectedly stimulated bud outgrowth, shortened the delay between outgrowth of successive buds, and produced an over-branched phenotype. This response resulted from a non-reversible reduction in the growth of apical organs appearing under low light, which lowered carbon demand and caused sugar over-accumulation after the return to high light. Manipulating carbon supply and demand through leaf masking, photosynthetic inhibition, and targeted sucrose feeding causally confirmed the central role of sugar availability in these contrasting responses. Beyond these findings, key requirements for models simulating branching plasticity were identified and this work provides a basis for predicting branching responses under fluctuating and complex light environments. Highlight Bud outgrowth, a key component of plant plasticity, is regulated by light intensity through sugar availability. Continuous and transient low light have opposite effects by limiting sugar production and use, respectively
Preliminary Results from the IWGSC Wheat Diversity Project: International initiative to unlock bread wheat diversity by sequencing 12 maximally diverse landrace genomes & update RefSeq Chinese Spring
No full textInternational audienc
The Road to Rebellion: Rural Uprisings and State-Building in the Run-Up to the French Revolution.
No full textNational audienceEarly modern European powers were beset by episodic unrest as they sought to con-solidate authority and build empires. We examine how growing state communication networks and increased state activity impacted rural unrest by combining original and detailed parish-level data from pre-revolutionary France on the expansion of the horse-post relay network with rural rebellion in this period. Using a staggered difference-in-differences framework, we find that new horse-post relays are associated with more local rebellion. We argue that the main mechanisms are the material consequences of state efforts at monopolization. New horse-post relays are associated with more rebellion against high-profile state agents—the military, police, and judiciary—that conscripted civilians, enforced taxes and laws, and increasingly monopolized roads. We find no evidence that relays fostered broader rebellion against the nobility or Church, or that the effects stem from informational or infrastructural changes occurring con-temporaneously. Our findings have implications for the scholarly understanding of the co-evolution of states and violence
Les radios locales peuvent-elles contribuer à la surveillance épidémiologique ?
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/616762/) * Autres projets (id;sigle;titre): ;TSARA;(FRA) Transformer les systèmes alimentaires et l'agriculture par la recherche en partenariat avec l'Afrique//International audienc
Polyphenols as Modulators of the BMP Signaling Pathway to Counter Phenotypic Transformation of Colonocytes
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT The intestinal bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway counteracts the Wnt pathway, which is overactivated in 90% of colorectal cancers (CRC) due to mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC) gene. Our study aimed to identify a polyphenol that acts on the colonic BMP pathway and to evaluate its ability to mitigate the harmful effects of 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE), a dietary genotoxic molecule, on normal colonocytes. We first evaluated the effect of 10 polyphenols on the expression of BMP pathway actors using a normal mouse colonocyte and fibroblast culture model. Apigenin (Apig) and resveratrol (Res) increased the production of BMP4 ligand and reduced expression of the Gremlin1 (Grem1) antagonist in fibroblasts. Apig also enhanced the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 ( Bmpr2) in fibroblasts and that of the Smad1 effector in colonocytes. Finally, Apig inhibited the phenotypic transformation of colonocytes induced by HNE through a mechanism that involved the BMP pathway in both fibroblasts and colonocytes. Our findings suggest that targeting the colonic BMP signaling pathway through dietary factors could contribute to the prevention of CRC. Apig‐rich foods or supplements may play a role in this preventive nutrition, although further in vivo experiments are needed to confirm this potential
Physical and Biological Measurements of Ethylene Emission Pinpoint the Importance of EIN4, EIN3 and EIL1 in the Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Thaliana
No full textInternational audienceEthylene as a phytohormone affects many aspects of plant growth and development. To fully understand how ethylene functions in plants, it is essential to measure ethylene production over time and under different conditions. With this goal in mind, we developed a biological assay based on root hair length to screen large numbers of seedlings to determine their relative production of ethylene. This was coupled with a biophysical assay based on the specific detection of ethylene using near infra-red laser spectroscopy coupled to photoacoustic detection. With this sensitive method we examined the effects of light, relative headspace per seedling, and time of ethylene accumulation on rates of ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Col). Our results indicate that Col rates of ethylene emission are positively affected by factors such as light but negatively regulated by a sealed environment. Interestingly, a 24h confinement in a sealed environment triggers typical ethylene dependent responses at the molecular level indicating that a decrease in ethylene emission may be the product of an activation of the signalling pathway. Taken together our data suggest that negative feedback regulation of ethylene biosynthesis relies on specific components of the ethylene signalling pathway and may involve a transcriptional regulation. Our observation opens fresh directions to explore the underlying mechanisms by which plants alter ethylene biosynthesis to regulate growth and development and highlight the importance of standardizing various factors when evaluating rates of ethylene biosynthesis
The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020–2023
No full textInternational audienceThe emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4b has triggered an unprecedented global panzootic in recent years. As the frequency and scale of HPAI H5 outbreaks continue to rise, understanding how wild birds contribute to shape the global virus spread across regions-affecting poultry, domestic and wild mammals-is increasingly critical. In this review, we examine ecological and evolutionary studies to map the global transmission routes of HPAI H5 viruses, identify key wild bird species involved in viral dissemination, and explore infection patterns, including mortality and survival. We also highlight major remaining knowledge gaps that hinder a full understanding of wild birds' role in viral dynamics, which must be addressed to enhance surveillance strategies and refine risk assessment models aimed at better predicting future outbreaks in wildlife and mitigating outbreaks in domestic animals to safeguard public health
Target controllability for a minimum time problem in a trait-structured chemostat model
No full textIn this paper, we consider a minimum time control problem governed by a trait-structured chemostat model including mutation and one limiting substrate. Our first main result proves the well-posedness of the control-to-state mapping. We subsequently analyze the class of {\it{auxostat-type controls}}, feedback laws designed to regulate substrate concentration, and prove that the corresponding solutions converge to a stationary state of the system. These convergence results are used to show the reachability of a target set corresponding to the selection of a population with a low weighted averaged half-saturation constant. Finally, we show the existence of an optimal control for the minimum time problem associated with reaching the target set. These theoretical findings are completed by numerical simulations
Patterns and drivers of African carbon recovery after disturbance
No full textInternational audienceClimate extremes and persistent deforestation pose significant threats to Africa's vegetation carbon stocks. However, the patterns of aboveground carbon (AGC) loss, recovery, and their driving factors in Africa remain poorly understood. Here, we utilize low-frequency microwave satellite data to analyze AGC dynamics across Africa during 2010-2020. Results indicate a small net AGC increase of +0.16 +/- 0.03 PgC yr-1 during the study period, composed of gross losses of -1.56 +/- 0.26 PgC yr- 1 offset by gross gains of +1.72 +/- 0.29 PgC yr- 1. The total loss in forested areas amount to -0.50 +/- 0.07 PgC yr-1, of which degradation accounting for twice as much loss as deforestation. In non-forested areas, the total AGC loss was -1. 06 +/- 0.21 PgC yr-1, primarily driven by wildfires (-0.78 PgC yr-1). Following the 2015-2016 El Nino event, 66 % of affected regions exhibited AGC recovery ratios exceeding 100 % during 2015-2020, predominantly in non-forest vegetation, suggesting a higher recover ratio for non-forest vegetation. In contrast, the remaining 34 % of regions did not fully recover, with an average recovery rate of 58 %, predominantly concentrated in forested areas. A machine learning analysis based on random forest suggests that recovery ratios are primarily influenced by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), followed by precipitation and human footprint. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of African AGC by distinguishing the loss into forest and non-forest vegetation, and also highlights the key drivers of AGC recovery after disturbances. These findings offer valuable insights for ecological conservation, climate adaptation, and global carbon budget assessments