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Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Limiting Agricultural Encroachment and Conserving Herbivores in West‐Central African Savannahs
No full textInternational audienceThis study examines the long‐term effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in the savannahs of West and Central Africa in resisting agricultural encroachment and conserving large herbivore populations. Using Landsat imagery (1973–2018) and wildlife census data, we evaluated land‐use and land‐cover change within ten core PAs and their surrounding 60‐km buffer zones, focusing on four focal species: african buffalo, roan antelope, hartebeest and savannah elephant. Results show that core PAs largely retained their natural vegetation, while surrounding landscapes experienced significant agricultural expansion—particularly in unprotected buffer zones. National parks, especially those embedded within connected networks such as the W–Arly–Pendjari complex, demonstrated stronger resistance to land conversion and higher herbivore biomass. However, wildlife population trends did not consistently align with landscape integrity, indicating that factors such as PA size, governance and ecological connectivity critically shape conservation outcomes. We identify three typologies of PAs—underperforming large reserves, integrated transboundary networks and small but well‐managed sites—each requiring distinct strategic approaches. These findings underscore the need for outcome‐focused conservation strategies that go beyond legal designation to address spatial planning, connectivity and local management capacity
Vers de nouvelles approches de lutte contre la précarité alimentaire en France : enseignements du projet Passerelle Plus
No full textNational audienc
Tempo and drivers of 3D eye size evolution in temperate butterflies
No full textInternational audienceSensory traits shape animal lifestyles due to the central role they play in retrieving and processing environmental information. However, being some of the most energetically expensive tissues to build and maintain, ecological demands often modulate investment in these organs. Evidence that ecology shapes the evolution of sensory traits is plenty, but is heavily biased towards vertebrates and has only recently begun to emerge in invertebrates. Here, we elucidate the macroevolution of a key sensory organ-eye size-using temperate butterflies as models. Using micro-CT X-ray imaging of pinned museum specimens, we quantified the eye size of 443 individuals comprising 59 species. Further, using 12 years of long-term monitoring data to quantify species habitat, we tested the hypothesis that forest-associated species, likely experiencing dimmer light conditions, should have larger eyes than those from open habitats. Our comparative analyses revealed tight allometric scaling between eye and wing size, and phylogeny alone explained 74% of eye size variation, with low heterogeneity in the evolutionary rates. Further, we found that habitat structure had no association with eye size. Overall, our findings indicate that allometry and shared ancestry, not ecology, shape the macroevolution of 3D eye size in temperate butterflies. We also demonstrate how non-invasive microCT imaging can be used on pinned museum specimens for studying phenotypic evolution on a macroevolutionary scale
Démocratiser l’alimentation ?
No full textInternational audienceUn collectif de chercheurs et de chercheuses pleinement investi dans une expérimentation locale de Sécurité sociale de l’alimentation nous donne à voir ce qu’une initiative concrète de démocratisation relative à l’alimentation engage : les questions qu’elle pose, les débats qu’elle suscite, les compromis qu’elle porte
Multidisciplinary science funding is more than ever a planetary priority: Reflections from the Make Our Planet Great Again (MOPGA) program
No full textInternational audienceGlobal change poses “wicked problems” that have become ever more complex, pervasive, and damaging. Developing innovative solutions increasingly require diverse research approaches. The Franco-German Make Our Planet Great Again (MOPGA) program was designed to create a unique international network of top-level research, from fundamental to solution-oriented projects. MOPGA stands out from other large research initiatives by focusing not on a singular central research challenge but on facilitating multidisciplinary interactions between traditionally separated fields. MOPGA recognized that social, natural and engineering sciences share a unifying aim to address global change. In addition to addressing timely and innovative research questions within disciplines, MOPGA worked to improve communication across disciplines via annual meetings for all laureates and their research groups, scientific board exchanges, and public online seminars. Drawing on our MOPGA experiences, we discuss how such exchanges should be extended to meet the needs identified by the scientific community, international policy-makers, and regional stakeholders. In the current political landscape of scientific suppression and heightened mistrust in scientific expertise, the need for such bold, independent and collaborative scientific initiatives is greater than ever
Préserver les ressources génétiques aviaires, un enjeu majeur pour la recherche et les filières
No full textNational audiencePréserver les ressources génétiques pour les espèces d’animaux domestiques élevées en France est un enjeu majeur pour la recherche et les filières. A cette fin, l’infrastructure nationale CRB-Anim a été mise en place avec pour objectifs d’intégrer et de renforcer les centres de ressources biologiques (CRB) conservant des échantillons reproductifs et génomiques. Au sein de cette structure, le groupe volailles assure le lien entre les acteurs de la recherche, les partenaires professionnels et le CRB-Anim. Les discussions conduites au sein du groupe témoignent de l’enjeu majeur qu’est la conservation des ressources aviaires notamment pour le maintien des lignées expérimentales ou de celles sélectionnées par les filières, et pour conserver la prodigieuse diversité génétique représentée par les races locales. Elles mettent aussi en avant plusieurs questions liées à cet enjeu de conservation : la représentativité et la complétude des différentes espèces aviaires conservées, la nature des ressources reproductives conservées (essentiellement des semences) et la conservation de ressources génomiques non reproductives qui présentent également un intérêt majeur. Répondre à ces questions nécessite donc de poursuivre et amplifier les actions engagées
Turin et ses mur.mures urbains
No full texthttps://journals.openedition.org/cdg/11060Turin est une étape fréquente (et bienvenue) dans mes voyages qui m'amènent du Nord au Sud des Alpes. En 2025, près une nuit passée dans le train de retour de Calabre, en Italie du Sud, j'ai profité d'une longue escale à Turin pour écouter ce que les murs de la capitale piémontaise avaient à me dire... Avant de reprendre la route vers Grenoble. En 2026, l'occasion de photographier les murs de Turin s'est reproposée à l'occasion d'un voyage d'études que j'ai organisé pour les étudiant·es de l'Institut d'urbanisme et géographie alpine (IUGA) de Grenoble
Disentangling within season sources of variation for field-level phenotyping of grapevine
No full textInternational audienceField experiments are complex to interpret due to interactions between genotypes, environment, plant development and cultivation practices. This complexity challenges the accurate phenotyping of individual plant traits over the season. Here, we quantified the primary sources of seasonal variation in stomatal conductance (gs) across 15 grapevine cultivar–rootstock combinations within a large-scale phenotyping platform, comprising over 6000 observations. Environment-related traits and date of measurement accounted for up to 76% of the variance, potentially obscuring cultivar–rootstock effects. Therefore, we integrated machine learning, spatiotemporal normalization of the gs response, and the use of mixed models to disentangle the influences of environmental factors, plant material and crop performance related traits. After spatio-temporal normalization, cultivar and cultivar–rootstock interactions explained over 25% of the variation in gs, and Grenache exhibited the most conservative water-use behavior resulting in high water-use efficiency. Specific rootstock–scion combinations also exhibited smaller, but still significant, differences in gs and water-use efficiency, highlighting the specificity arising from the interaction within each rootstock–scion combination. The high variability in gs indicates that accurate quantification of rootstock–scion contributions to key traits in field studies is complex and requires accounting for spatial heterogeneity driven by the environment
Forest fecundity declines as climate shifts
No full textTree fecundity underpins regeneration, range tracking, and seed supply for assisted migration, yet may decline as climates move beyond reproductive niches. Using 34 years of nationwide harvest records from Poland (40,530 observations across 438 forest districts) for five dominant taxa — oaks (Quercus robur, Q. petraea), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and silver fir (Abies alba) — we tested whether sustained climate change has reduced fecundity after accounting for seed demand. Mean viable seed production declined by 32–65% across species (oaks ~65%, pine ~64%, fir ~44%, beech ~32%). Summer warming was the dominant driver, with hotter summers reducing seed output across all species. Growing-season moisture and spring temperature contributed little to long-term trends, although they shaped local responses. Weather effects varied with background climate, indicating divergence between short-term (within-site, transient) and long-term (across-site, equilibrium) sensitivities. This modulation by local climate indicates substantial capacity for local adaptation or acclimation, offering actionable leverage for management. Together, our results show fecundity declines consistent with warming, pushing populations beyond reproductive climatic niches, but also identify potential to mitigate risk by aligning provenance choice and assisted migration with projected site climates
Bird population trends: declines in vineyards vs. cereals fields and benefits of organic farming are not fully explained by pesticide use
No full textAgricultural intensification is a key driver of biodiversity loss, but its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Many studies compare organic vs. conventional farming, yet this contrast does not fully capture the roles of pesticide use, crop type, or landscape.We analysed 350 French farmland fields, including vineyards, maize, and wheat, monitored for bird abundances from 2013 to 2021. For each field, we characterized surrounding landscapes and pesticide use. As expected, pesticide use was lower in organic vs. conventional fields and in annual crops vs. vineyards. Landscapes also differed across crop types and farming systems. We then related bird population trends to farming system, pesticide use, and landscape. Bird trends varied across farming systems and crops: bird abundance declined in conventional vineyards but was stable or positive elsewhere. This contrast between vineyards and other crops was however not explained by pesticide hazard ratios. In maize, bird trends were negatively related to hazard ratios, whereas in vineyards the relationship was reversed. Landscape effects were crop-specific, with more forests around vineyards linked to steeper declines in bird abundance, while there was no landscape effect in maize and wheat fields.Overall, bird population trends reflected complex, crop-dependent interactions among farming system, pesticide use, and landscape. Differences between organic and conventional systems were not solely attributable to pesticide use, highlighting the need to account for multiple aspects of intensification in farmland conservation