International Journal of Business & Economics (IJBE)
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IS INDIA HEADING TOWARDS TRADE PROTECTIONISM: AN ANALYSIS OF CAROTAR RULES?
Get PDFWith the announcement of Self-Reliant India Mission, the Government of India has announced several policy measures to promote domestic manufacturing to make India, as a hub of global manufacturing. One of its major policy measures is the introduction of Customs (Administration of Rules of Origin under Trade Agreements) Rules, 2020 (CAROTAR Rules). The objective of these rules is to regulate frivolous imports of the third country, which is routing to the Indian market via its FTA partners. These rules have created ‘lots of hues and cry’ among importing and exporting firms due to their regulatory, operational and business implications. This article examines key provisions of CAROTAR rules and their implications to India’s foreign trade sector in general and exporting and importing firms in particular. Findings show that CAROTAR rules are highly protective and regressive in nature and designed to safeguard the domestic manufacturing industry. The intent and content of these rules clearly demonstrate that importing firms are subject to strict regulatory compliance to claim preferential benefit under India’s existing trade agreements. New rules will increase the cost of importing inputs and components thereby affecting India’s trade competitiveness
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN AUDITING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AT A NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES PUBLIC UNIVERSITY
Get PDFThe grade the student intends to earn in the course is a strong motivating factor for students to perform well but intention to take the CPA exam or attend graduate school do not seem to motivate students to improve their performance in the Auditing course. The number of work hours and course load do not seem to have any negative effect on student performance, but students who work in accounting-related jobs perform better than students who work in non-accounting and non-business-related jobs. Class attendance and homework have positive effects on student performance but course study hours and total study hours per week do not. Students seem to make inaccurate evaluation of their math, reading, and listening abilities but make somewhat accurate evaluation of their writing abilities. Lastly, overall GPA is a strong predictor of student performance in the Auditing course
DEFAULT RISK: FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS
Get PDFIn this paper, we set up our default probability model to examine the determinants of corporate credit default by taking simultaneous consideration of both firm-specific characteristics as well as macroeconomic variables. The main effort of this study is to reexamine firm default risk from the perspective of measurement error by representing the first treatment of a wide class of nonlinear models with discrete variables using instruments. We found measurement error has great impact on the risk of default. In addition, this relation found to be crucially dependent on credit cycles and firm financial status
PREDICTING MALL EQUITY: A MODERATED MEDIATED MODEL OF MALL IMAGE AND SERVICE QUALITY FROM A VALUE THEORY PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThis paper empirically tests a moderated mediated model of the effect of hedonic shopping value on the relationship between mall image dimensions and mall equity. The data was collected through a questionnaire from a sample of malls’ shoppers in Amman, Jordan. Structural equation model was used to estimate the path relationship in our model. The findings suggest that utilitarian value, awareness, and mall environment all directly affect perceived quality which in turn leads to higher perceptions of mall equity. The findings also support the moderating role of hedonic value on these relationships
OUTSOURCING HR SHARED SERVICES IN THE TIMES OF COVID: ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY AND CUSTOMER NEEDS FULFILLMENT
Get PDFThe Human Resources Shared Services (HRSS) model helps organizations combat internal resource competition by reducing redundant activities thereby improving cost efficiencies. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted seemingly all global entities, most of them in a negative way. In the middle of businesses failing and halting worldwide operations due to the pandemic, HRSS plans are thriving. This paper examines the reasons behind progress of HRSS model despite unpromising conditions and derives learnings for business operations in the new normal work setup. It further elaborates on the contemporary shared services trends along with outsourcing and changing business climate bringing forth a new normal. We add the COVID-19 perspective and provide a comprehensive practitioner 2X2 framework connecting two inevitable dimensions of ‘technology advancement’ and ‘customer need fulfillment via virtual means’ for future HR dominions. The paper provides practical insights to HR practitioners and leaders about outsourcing HR services in the new expected normal business setup. Further, it envisions the future trajectory for HRSS in midst of novel global effects and disruptive technologies of artificial intelligence and cloud computing
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS RELATED TO STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Get PDFThis study examines the association between several motivation, distraction, effort, and prior-ability factors and student performance in an undergraduate Accounting Information Systems (AIS) course. The study aims to identify motivation and distraction factors with the purpose of emphasizing the former and discouraging the latter in the AIS course. It also aims to expand on the scare literature that exists on student performance in AIS courses. In this study, the intended grade in the course and the intention to take the CPA exam or to attend graduate school do not appear to motivate students to improve their performance in the AIS course. The number of work hours, and work type or course load do not show any significant negative association to student performance. The effort that students exert studying for the course has some significant positive association with student performance. Overall GPA and the grade obtained in the prerequisite Management Information Systems course are strong predictors of student performance in the AIS course
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM WEST AFRICA
Get PDFEnergy can either limit or accelerate production processes and consequently economic growth. This study investigated the validity of any of the four hypotheses (conservation, growth, feedback and neutrality) formulated in the study of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. This study analyzed these hypotheses in West African context by applying the stationarity tests and Pedronicointegration as well as causality tests (Granger-Causality, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Causality and Toda-Yamamoto Causality) and regression analysis (Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Panel Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS)) in accomplishing the investigation. The study found per capita GDP to Granger cause energy consumption in West Africa and the Causality runs from per capita GDP to energy consumption. Energy consumption (EPC) and Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC) are positively related. Economic growth significantly explains energy consumption in West Africa. A dollar increase in Per Capita GDP other things being constant will cause energy consumption to increase by 0.03 US dollar. Based on the above therefore, since economic growth implies more energy consumption, and at present, energy consumption in West Africa is predominantly fossil-based which is unsustainable as it is non-renewable. West African governments must work to encourage more energy efficient production processes. In addition to this, government must put up policies to generate and utilize more renewable energy. This will reduce the pollution associated with fossil-based energy sources
EXAMINING THE CONSEQUENCES OF GAMIFICATION ON CONSUMER BRAND ENGAGEMENT
Get PDFRecently companies started to use gamification in their businesses by applying techniques and concepts from games to their marketing strategies. Gamification concept can be applied to actual games, virtual trophies, points, and vouchers. The idea is that marketing strategies and activities that mirror games are better at engaging customers. Accordingly, it was important to study the relationship between gamification in marketing and consumer brand engagement in Egypt. Through reviewing the literature, there were several gamification components and mechanics such as points, badges, vouchers, progress bar, levels, leaderboards, social engagement, collecting resources, and competition between players. Different gamification frameworks have described the gamification elements. Gamification pyramid was the most common by many researchers. For consumer brand engagement, it was measured using three dimensions named cognition, emotional and behavioral dimensions. A descriptive study was conducted to examine the relationship between gamification elements and consumer brand engagement. Capitalizing on Gatautis et al. (2016) model, which studied the relationship between gamification elements and consumer brand engagement, a new modified framework, was introduced. Gamification elements were divided to four mechanisms named progress, rewards, social, and restrictions mechanisms. The research studied the relationship between each mechanism as an independent variable and consumer brand engagement as a multi-dimension’ dependent variable. Quantitative data was collected by distributing an online survey on 152 respondents through online channels. Data was analyzed using SPSS software, providing the reliability, descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. The analysis of the results showed that there is positive relationship between three of the gamification mechanisms and consumer brand engagement. While for the restrictions’ mechanism; it showed in-significant relationship. This research gives insights to managers and companies that would like to apply gamification, targeting its end users to increase their engagement towards the brand. 
THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF URBANIZATION AND URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS
Get PDFUrbanization has been increasing rapidly world-wide in the past many decades. This paper discusses important factors that affect the successful development of urbanization and urban agglomerations and examines their relationships. Based on Chen (2019)’s findings, this study included sixteen factors. Through surveys of three different groups from China - college faculty, business executives, and government officers on the importance and relevance of these sixteen factors, this paper explores how a city and an urban agglomeration can be successful. It concludes that a city’s ability to influence its adjoining areas is the essential function of its existence and that the innovation and sustainability are commonly agreed factors that will lead to the cities’ success. Then this paper further discusses how China can learn from other countries’ experiences and lessons to better plan its future urban development
AN EVOLUTIONARY GAME FOR SUSTAINABLE WORKER’S WAGES
Get PDFIn this paper, an evolutionary game was developed between the companies and the workers to understand the dynamics of interaction between them. The evolutionary game was simulated using system dynamics to visualize the evolution of strategies. This model was applied on a case study to predict the effect of wage revision. Thereafter, based on these suggestions, the workers’ wages were increased and effect of the increase was in line with predictions of the model. This model can be useful to the companies in deciding the worker’s wages so as to reduce attrition and increase worker’s effort at job