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POSTER PRESENTATION Open Access
Passive catheter tracking with a controllable
susceptibility effect
William Dominguez-Viqueira1*, Hirad Karimi2, Charles H Cunningham1,2
From 16th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions
San Francisco, CA, USA. 31 January - 3 February 2013
Background
Due to the rich anatomic information available, MRI is
an attractive tool for guiding endovascular interventions.
Susceptibility artifact-based tracking using paramagnetic
markers [1] is a simple and economical approach, but has
been used with limited enthusiasm partly because of the
image degradation that results from such devices. In this
work, a susceptibility-based tracking catheter which can
be mechanically turned ON and OFF [2] is presented
with images in phantoms and animals studies.
Methods
The susceptibility device consisted of three concentric
cylinders of titanium and graphite giving an outer dia-
meter of 3 mm and length of 15 mm (Figure 1a). The
device was designed to create a minimum susceptibility
artifact in MRI when all the cylinders are aligned (OFF
position); and a large artifact when the cylinders are
miss-aligned (ON position) to facilitate tracking [2]. The
catheter was built attaching the device to biocompatible
PTFE tubing with heat shrink, gluing the titanium parts
at the distal end. A nylon wire was glued the graphite
piece on the opposite end of the device to push and pull
this piece in and out relative to the titanium parts (Figure
1a and b). All the imaging experiments were performed
using a 3T MR scanner (MR750, GE Healthcare, Wauke-
sha, WI), with a 5 inch diameter receive-only surface coil
using a fast gradient-recalled echo sequence. Volume
projection images with positive contrast were acquired
using a frequency selective spin echo sequence to find
and track the catheter. The catheter was placed inside a
doped-water bath (saline and copper sulfate) for phan-
toms experiments. In vivo studies were performed in a
specific pathogen free (SPF) pig (25 kg) under a protocol
approved by the institutional animal care and use
committee.
1Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Figure 1 Catheter assembly with the susceptibility device. a: 3D model of the assembly. b: actual catheter picture.
Dominguez-Viqueira et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic
Resonance 2013, 15(Suppl 1):P17
http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/15/S1/P17
© 2013 Dominguez-Viqueira et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Results
In vivo images of the neck area of a pig with the catheter
in ON(a) and OFF(b) positions are shown in Figure 2. As
shown in Figure 2a and b the image distortions are mini-
mized when the device is in the OFF position (Figure 2b).
Positive contrast images are shown in Figure 2c and d,
where only the tip of the device can be seen. This facili-
tates locating the device in projection images which can
be helpful in vivo to automatically track the device.
Conclusions
A passive tracking catheter with a susceptibility effect that
can be enabled and disabled by sliding one of the compo-
nents was designed, fabricated and demonstrated in vivo.
The difference between the aligned and miss-aligned con-
figurations was large in the acquired MR images, showing
the feasibility of tracking the device by periodically moving
the graphite layer. Even though the device was demon-
strated in a catheter, it can also be designed for different
tools or devices for interventional MR procedures. In
future work, faster imaging sequences will be implemented
for real-time tracking.
Funding
Funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health
Research (CIHR PPP106789).
Author details
1Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
2Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Published: 30 January 2013
References
1. Bakker CJ, et al: . Radiology 1997, 202:273-276.
2. Dominguez-Viqueira W, et al: . Proc. ISMRM 2012, 20:2945.
doi:10.1186/1532-429X-15-S1-P17
Cite this article as: Dominguez-Viqueira et al.: Passive catheter tracking
with a controllable susceptibility effect. Journal of Cardiovascular
Magnetic Resonance 2013 15(Suppl 1):P17.
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Figure 2 Images of the catheter in vivo acquired at 3T. a and b: fast GRE images of the neck area of a pig with the device in ON and OFF
position respectively, c and d: positive contrast images of the same area with the device in ON and OFF position respectively.
Dominguez-Viqueira et al. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic
Resonance 2013, 15(Suppl 1):P17
http://www.jcmr-online.com/content/15/S1/P17
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