Portail des publications scientifiques IMT Mines Alès
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Comparison of individualized and Group-based Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Rate of Perceived Exertion of Professional Football Players
No full textInternational audienc
Advances in 'Digital Twins' as key support for Decision Making in Industry (Keynote Speech)
No full textInternational audienceThe keynote speech at WAMS 2024, delivered by Prof. Gregory Zacharewicz of IMT Mines Alès, explores the transformative potential of Digital Twins in enhancing industrial processes and decision-making. Digital Twins are virtual replicas of physical systems, integrating data, simulation models, and real-time interfaces to enable predictive insights, scenario analysis, and resource optimization.The presentation highlights applications across sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, smart cities, and energy, demonstrating how Digital Twins facilitate predictive maintenance, urban planning, and personalized medicine. The integration of AI, machine learning, and IoT enhances their capabilities, enabling real-time monitoring and optimization.Key challenges include interoperability, data integration, and model complexity, emphasizing the need for robust infrastructure and standardization. Case studies showcase successful implementations, such as predictive analytics in manufacturing and risk mitigation in energy.The speech concludes with a vision for the future, emphasizing the role of Digital Twins in driving collaboration, improving decision-making, and enabling innovative, data-driven solutions across industries
Single-fibre tensile testing of plant fibres: Set-up compliance as a key parameter for reliable assessment of their mechanical behaviour
No full textInternational audienceThe use of plant fibres as reinforcements in engineering applications requires reliable determination of their mechanical properties. This work focuses on single-fibre longitudinal tensile testing and the significance of the tensile system compliance for obtaining reliable results. Four types of fibre are tested, namely basalt, aramid, elementary flax fibres and flax fibre bundles. An automated laser scanning method is used to determine their cross-sectional area (CSA) based on circular and elliptical morphological models. The compliance of the tensile system is evaluated by standard and photomechanical analyses, and its influence on the assessment of mechanical properties of the fibres is discussed. Our results show that the evaluation of the compliance is highly dependent on fibre type, but also on the choice of CSA morphological model. The resulting correction on maximum tensile moduli ranges from 6.5 % to 37.6 % for small-diameter fibres, and can reach 55.1 % for large-diameter fibres as flax fibre bundles. Moreover, we evidence that the tensile system compliance is not necessarily constant and evolves with the force range covered during the tensile test. This can have a significant impact on the shape of the stress-strain curves, and hence on the analysis of the overall mechanical behaviour of the fibres
Contours Inhibition for Object Tracking: a Preliminary Study
No full textInternational audienceThis study introduces an innovative approach toobject tracking by integrating the concept of contour inhibition,a key feature of the human visual system, into computationalmodels. The human ability to discern objects from complexbackgrounds by focusing on object edges, rather than textures,provides the inspiration for this work. By emulating this selectiveattention mechanism, the aim is to include this edge detectionmethodology for improved object tracking. Traditional trackingmethods rely on identifying features critical for tracing objectswithin video sequences. The proposed approach aims to utilizeselected contour pixels and their associated direction as theprimary features. The initial results from this study demonstratethe potential of considering contour inhibition for trackingthrough the direction of each preserved contour pixel
Integrating Biological Treatment and Electro-Oxidation in an Anaerobic Biomass Membrane Bioreactor for Innovative and Integrating Urban Wastewater Treatment
No full textInternational audienceThe global population's increasing demand for clean water has driven a shift towards reclaimed and reused water. Anaerobic Membrane BioReactor (AnMBR) stands out as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, offering advantages over traditional methods. However, as AnMBR gains recognition, the need to prioritize comprehensive removal of organic matter and micropollutants becomes critical, aligning with evolving environmental regulations like the European Water Framework Directive. This study focuses on an inventive AnMBR configuration, aiming to remove persistent organic micropollutants and harness energy from urban wastewater. The setup integrates biological treatment and electro-oxidation within a specialized AnMBR featuring granular sludge (e-GAnMBR), intensifying reactions and addressing AnMBR challenges. Specifically targeting diuron, carbamazepine, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, the study explores their degradation pathways and toxicity, marking a significant step in sustainable wastewater treatment
Enhancing Interoperability and Response Coordination in Disaster Settings: A Review of Methodological Frameworks and Technique
No full textInternational audienceWhen mobile field hospitals are deployed for disaster response missions, they face several challenges. Notable among the challenges is the lack of interoperability with the regional hospitals which is essential for patient information sharing and transfer when the need arises. Several healthcare systems around the globe have interoperability platforms that are well in place. However, due to different standards and system design they cannot easily interoperate with one another. This is even more apparent when interoperability during disaster response is desired between a mobile field hospital and regional hospital. The several interoperability frameworks designed by vendors are mainly designed for usage in large stationary hospitals, hence there is need to consider frameworks that can enhance interoperability between a mobile field hospital and regional hospital to facilitate coordinated disaster response. In this article we argue that an effective disaster response interoperability framework should be adaptable, affordable, simple to use, and capable of being employed in isolated, harsh environments such as occurs during disaster response. An analysis of several healthcare interoperability frameworks is conducted in this article with the aim of proposing a suitable framework for possible adoption by mobile field hospital’s interoperability with regionals hospitals during sudden onset disasters
Microbial communities and their role in enhancing hemp fiber quality through field retting
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The current development of industrial hemp “ Cannabis Sativa L.” fibers for technical textiles and industrial applications requires high-quality fibers with homogeneous properties. However, several factors have been reported to influence the fibers’ intrinsic properties, including a post-harvest process known as retting. This process plays a crucial role in facilitating the mechanical extraction of fibers from hemp stems. Retting involves the degradation of the amorphous components surrounding the fiber bundles enabling their decohesion from stems. Microorganisms play a central role in mediating this bioprocess. During retting, they colonize the stems’ surface. Therefore, the biochemical components of plant cell wall, acting as natural binding between fibers, undergo a breakdown through the production of microbial enzymes. Although its critical role, farmers often rely on empirical retting practices, and considering various biotic and abiotic factors, resulting in fibers with heterogenous properties. These factors limit the industrial applications of hemp fibers due to their inconsistent properties. Thus, the purpose of this review is to enhance our comprehension of how retting influences the dynamics of microbial communities and, consequently, the evolution of the biochemical properties of hemp stems throughout this process. Better understanding of retting is crucial for effective process management, leading to high-value fibers
Experimental study of aluminum flame propagation in duct with obstacles
No full textInternational audienceTo accurately model the consequences of accidental dust explosions, numerical simulations of the flame propagation process are required. A key parameter in these models is the burning velocity (S_u), which represents the consumption rate of the reactants by the flame front. Experiments are therefore needed to determine the burning velocity, and the influence of turbulence on this velocity; as well as to validate these models of flame propagation. In this article, aluminum flame propagation inside a vertical duct with obstacles is studied. The aim of the obstacles is first to increase the turbulence just in front of the flame front, in order to quantify its influence on the burning velocity. The second objective of the implementation of the obstacles is to obtain experimental data in a more complex geometry in order to validate the models. During these experiments, the flame propagation is recorded and the unburned flow velocity is measured using the TR-PIV (Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. This innovative measurement of the unburned flow velocity is important not only for the accurate determination of the burning velocity, but also to validate these numerical simulations. An increase in the propagation velocity and the burning velocity is observed as the flame propagates toward the obstacles
Kinetic analysis of Tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP) emission from fireproofed upholstered furniture under realistic indoor conditions
No full textInternational audienceThis study deals with the emission kinetic of TCPP from a source material under realistic in-door conditions. The analysis is based on the results of a measurement campaign carried out over a period of almost one year in two rooms after introduction of fireproofed upholstered furniture where the gaseous concentration at the material surface (y°) and airborne concentra-tion (Ca) were regularly measured. Basing on data, the emission rate was estimated at 8 μg.m-2.h-1 on average with no decline trend observed after about one year’s emission. The released mass of TCPP over one year represented about 0.2% of the initial content of TCPP in the ma-terial. A model was developed to provide predictions on the long-term trend in TCPP emis-sion from the source material. The simulations showed that the TCPP emission persists over long periods of time (several years) with the same intensity level under indoor condition
Ad hoc irrigation piloting for the urban vegetation: How to find the contextually relevant sensors and criteria?
No full textInternational audienceThe irrigation of urban vegetation in planters aims to keep the vegetation healthy and control the cooling effect from evapotranspiration during overheatingdays. The choice of sensors that characterise the water status of the plant, the soil and/or relevant criteria for triggering irrigation are crucial and far from obvious. This descriptive and analytical paper targets the identification of effective system properties, on which irrigation strategies should rely from a properly thought trial-and-error procedure relying on observational evidence. The study takes advantage of a real-scale pilot in Mediterranean climate (Montpellier, France), which simulates an east-west street canyon with three planters with shrubs on the north side and three planters with climbing plants on the south side, and a dense mesh of sensors in the substrate monitoring the condition of the planters. The provided guidelines explain how to comprehend and qualify any given context (plant species, planter dimensions, type and location of the sensors), before establishing ad hoc irrigation decision rules. This study demonstrates the developed methodology, by testing different irrigation doses, frequencies and criteria based on soil water content and tension information, which proves efficient for understanding and managing irrigation, even with limited information on plant stress tolerance and soil characteristics. Moreover, it allows for periodic reassessment of optimization criteria, which is crucial in addressing current challenges posed by sustainable cities without compromising water resources