Portail des publications scientifiques IMT Mines Alès
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3D structural modeling approach by discretization of a basic structural map associated with magnetic data
No full textInternational audienceThis study proposes a 3D structural modeling approach based on the discretization of a 2D structural model associated with magnetic data. The approach proposed in this study requires first to identify the parameters involved in the modeling (geographical position, direction, dip direction and dip angle) and then to transform the whole 2D model into fault segments. The first discretization will allow determining the position, the direction and the dip direction of each fault segment. This discretization phase was done by coupling the Excel program to existing GIS software. The last discretization will allow evaluating the variation of inclinations along the fault segment. It required the elaboration of a depth model from the magnetic data grid. It is this model that provided all the necessary data for this last discretization, which was automated thanks to the DipAngle code developed for this study. All these discretizations have provided to the used modeler and all the databases necessary for the realization of the various models. The application of this methodology to the Central Domain of the Mbere Division has made it possible to develop different models that can be used as basic documents in exploration projects
Less sensitive proton-exchange membrane to a relative humidity below 30%
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, we focus on a novel sepiolite-incorporated Aquivion composite membrane that can be operated in a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) at a relative humidity (RH) below 30%. The maximum power density reduction of the developed membrane is only 0.77% at 30% RH. In the study, we demonstrated adding sepiolite grafted with fluorination groups enhanced the homogeneity of the composite membrane prepared with Aquivion compared to composite membranes prepared with natural sepiolite. In addition to functionalization, a specific acidic post-treatment enhanced fuel cell performance. The acidic treatment was intended to remove some of the Fe cations in the sepiolite to prevent Aquivion degradation. Although this effect was not evident, this treatment removed some of the Al and Mg cations, resulting in a more amorphous structure of fluorinated sepiolite with increased porosity, roughness, and lumen. This significantly enhanced the proton diffusion in the composite membranes. Compared to commercially available membranes and membranes developed by other research groups, the Aquivion/fluorinated and post-treated sepiolite composite membranes (Aq/pSEP-F5) exhibited increased swelling behavior, water uptake, mechanical property, chemical stability, proton conductivity, cell voltage, and maximum power density in the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). Thus, they are highly advantageous and a promising alternative for the functioning of PEMFC at low relative humidity
Valorization of Cork and High-Density Polyethylene and Polypropylene Wastes in Cork–Plastic Composites: Their Morphology, Mechanical Performance, and Fire Properties
No full textInternational audienceThe recycling of waste materials is a way of limiting over-consumption and optimizing the value of resources. Within the framework of a circular economy, this can be applied to post-consumer plastic wastes, but also to biobased by-products. Hence, this work deals with the design of composite materials by combining recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) coming from bottle caps and virgin cork of insufficient quality for cork stoppers. Different fractions (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) of virgin cork were incorporated into recycled polymers (HDPEr and PPr). These composites were prepared without a coupling agent or fire retardant. The morphology and mechanical properties of the different conditionings were studied and compared. The thermal decomposition and the fire behavior of the composites were also investigated. Microscopy revealed the poor adhesion between the cork particles and polymer matrices. However, this limited interaction affected only the tensile strength of the PPr composites, while that of the HDPEr composites remained almost constant. The addition of cork was shown to reduce the time to ignition, but also to promote charring and reduce the heat released during the composite’s combustion. The feasibility of composites based on cork and HDPEr/PPr waste opens the way for their reuse
Avis révisé de l’Anses relatif à la mise à jour des référentiels d’évaluation pour les housses et cuvettes funéraires, pour les cercueils hermétiques et les dispositifs épurateurs de gaz
No full textCitation suggérée : Anses. 2024. Mise à jour des référentiels d’évaluation pour les housses et cuvettes funéraires, pour les cercueils hermétiques et les dispositifs épurateurs de gaz (saisine 2020-SA-0180) , Maisons-Alfort: Anses , 40p.Les articles R. 2213-15 et R. 2213-27 du Code général des collectivités territoriales (CGCT) stipulent les éléments suivants :Art. R. 2213-15 du CGCT :Avant son inhumation ou sa crémation, le corps d'une personne décédée est mis en bière. La housse imperméable éventuellement utilisée pour envelopper le corps avant sa mise en bière est fabriquée dans un matériau biodégradable. Elle doit répondre à des caractéristiques de composition, de résistance et d'étanchéité fixées par arrêté du ministre chargé de la santé après avis de l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail et du Conseil national des opérations funéraires.Si la personne décédée est porteuse d'une prothèse fonctionnant au moyen d'une pile, un médecin ou un thanatopracteur procède à son explantation et atteste de la récupération de cette prothèse avant la mise en bière. Toutefois, l'explantation n'est pas requise lorsque la prothèse fonctionnant au moyen d'une pile figure sur la liste fixée par arrêté des ministres chargés de l'intérieur et de la santé après avis du Haut Conseil de la santé publique, au regard des risques présentés au titre de l'environnement ou de la sécurité des biens et des personnes.Cet arrêté peut distinguer selon que la personne fait l'objet d'une inhumation ou d'une crémation.Art. R. 2213-27 du CGCT :Les cercueils hermétiques doivent être en matériau biodégradable et répondre à des caractéristiques de composition, de résistance et d'étanchéité fixées par arrêté du ministre chargé de la santé après avis de l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail et du Conseil national des opérations funéraires.Ils doivent ne céder aucun liquide au milieu extérieur, contenir une matière absorbante et être munis d'un dispositif épurateur de gaz répondant à des caractéristiques de composition de débit et de filtration fixées par arrêté du ministre chargé de la santé après avis de l'Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail et du Conseil national des opérations funéraires.Lorsque le défunt était atteint de l'une des infections transmissibles dont la liste est fixée au a de l'article R. 2213-2-1, le corps est enveloppé dans un linceul imbibé d'une solution antiseptique.Avec pour objectif de préciser les caractéristiques évoquées ci-dessus, devant être fixées par arrêté du Ministère chargé de la santé après consultation de l’Anses et du Conseil national des opérations funéraires (CNOF), l’Anses a confié en 2009 au groupe de travail « Agrément des produits de thanatopraxie et matériaux funéraires », la réalisation de deux référentiels d’évaluation :- l’un portant sur les housses et cuvettes funéraires publié en juillet 2010 (saisine n°2009-SA-0340) ;- l’autre portant sur les cercueils hermétiques et dispositifs épurateurs de gaz publié en novembre 2011 (saisine n°2009-SA-0341).Ce groupe de travail était rattaché au CES (Comité d’experts spécialisés) « Évaluation des risques liés aux substances et produits biocides ». Pour chaque caractéristique citée dans les articles du CGCT, le groupe de travail avait retenu des normes d’essais existantes et considérées par les experts comme étant les plus pertinentes (aucune norme ne portant alors spécifiquement sur les matériaux funéraires).Les référentiels ainsi produits devaient servir à la prise de l’arrêté par le Ministère chargé de la santé comme indiqué dans les articles du CGCT mais également de base de réflexion à une commission de normalisation pour l’élaboration de normes spécifiques à ces catégories d’articles funéraires.Cet arrêté n’ayant pas été pris à ce jour et avant qu’il ne le soit, la DGS a saisi l’Anses, en décembre 2020, afin de mettre à jour ces deux référentiels et de prendre en compte de nouveaux éléments techniques tels que les cercueils intégrés réalisés avec un matériau autre que le zinc.[Saisines liées n°2009-SA-0340 et 2009-SA-0341
Putting a label on someone: impact of schizophrenia stigma on emotional mimicry, liking, and interpersonal closeness
No full textInternational audienceAffiliation is both an antecedent and a consequence of emotional mimicry (i.e. imitating a counterpart’s emotional expression). Thus, interacting with a disliked partner can decrease emotional mimicry, which in turn can further decrease liking. This perpetuating circle has not been investigated in the context of mental health stigma yet. The present study tested the influence of the label “schizophrenia” on liking, interpersonal closeness, and emotional mimicry. In an online experiment (n = 201), participants recruited from the general population saw several videos of actors displaying emotional expressions. Actors were described with one of four labels: “schizophrenia”, “healthy”, “diabetes”, and a negative adjective (e.g. “hot-tempered”). Emotional mimicry was measured using OpenFace 2.2. Liking and interpersonal closeness were assessed with questionnaires. Overall, compared to other labels, participants reported less liking and interpersonal closeness to the actor with the schizophrenia label. However, no effect on emotional mimicry was found. The decreased liking of the schizophrenia actors was explained by a lack of knowledge about schizophrenia and the explicit stigma of schizophrenia. Our study contributes to the literature by highlighting the need to reduce the stigma of schizophrenia
Les caractéristiques de l'odeur
No full textInternational audienceLes odeurs, quelques soient leurs provenances, peuvent avoir un impact sur la santé des populations exposées, tant au plan physiologique que psychologique. L’analyse des odeurs est toutefois complexe, car outre le fait que chaque individu possède des habiletés très personnelles à percevoir une odeur, agréable ou mauvaise, intense ou non, une odeur est perçue de manière instantanée et cette perception évolue dans le temps
Aortic Valve Engineering Advancements: Precision Tuning with Laser Sintering Additive Manufacturing of TPU/TPE Submillimeter Membranes
No full textInternational audienceSynthetic biomaterials play a crucial role in developing tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) due to their versatile mechanical properties. Achieving the right balance between mechanical strength and manufacturability is essential. Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) and elastomers (TPEs) garner significant attention for TEHV applications due to their notable stability, fatigue resistance, and customizable properties such as shear strength and elasticity. This study explores the additive manufacturing technique of selective laser sintering (SLS) for TPUs and TPEs to optimize process parameters to balance flexibility and strength, mimicking aortic valve tissue properties. Additionally, it aims to assess the feasibility of printing aortic valve models with submillimeter membranes. The results demonstrate that the SLS-TPU/TPE technique can produce micrometric valve structures with soft shape memory properties, resembling aortic tissue in strength, flexibility, and fineness. These models show promise for surgical training and manipulation, display intriguing echogenicity properties, and can potentially be personalized to shape biocompatible valve substitutes
Synthesis and molecular docking study of α-aminophosphonates as potential multi-targeting antibacterial agents
No full textInternational audienceAntibacterial compounds that reduce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are needed to avoid bacterial biofilms in water pipelines. Herein, green one-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates (α-Amps) [A-G] was achieved by using ionic liquid (IL) as a Lewis acid catalyst. The synthesized α-Amp analogues were tested against different bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The representative [B] analogue showed an efficient antibacterial effect with MIC values of 3.13 μg/mL for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and 6.25 μg/mL for B. subtilis. Additionally, a strong ability to eliminate the mature bacterial biofilm, with super-MIC values of 12.5 μg/mL for E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and 25 μg/mL for B. subtilis. Moreover, bacterial cell disruption by ROS formation was also tested, and the compound [B] revealed the highest ROS level compared to other compounds and the control, and efficiently destroyed the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The docking study confirmed strong interactions between [B] analogue and protein structures with a binding affinity of −6.65 kCal/mol for the lyase protein of gram-positive bacteria and −6.46 kCal/mol for DNA gyrase of gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that α-Amps moiety is a promising candidate for developing novel antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents for clean water supply
Projet DHySed-7 – Rapport d’activités: Identification des spécificités des dynamiques hydro-sédimentaires dans les Cévennes
No full textRapport d’activités du projet DHySed-7
Muscle Oximetry in Sports Science: An Updated Systematic Review
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background In the last 5 years since our last systematic review, a significant number of articles have been published on the technical aspects of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the interpretation of the signals and the benefits of using the NIRS technique to measure the physiological status of muscles and to determine the workload of working muscles. Objectives Considering the consistent number of studies on the application of muscle oximetry in sports science published over the last 5 years, the objectives of this updated systematic review were to highlight the applications of muscle oximetry in the assessment of skeletal muscle oxidative performance in sports activities and to emphasize how this technology has been applied to exercise and training over the last 5 years. In addition, some recent instrumental developments will be briefly summarized. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, appraise and synthesize existing literature on this topic. Electronic databases such as Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched from March 2017 up to March 2023. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to recreationally trained to elite athletes, with or without training programmes, who must have assessed physiological variables monitored by commercial oximeters or NIRS instrumentation. Results Of the identified records, 191 studies regrouping 3435 participants, met the eligibility criteria. This systematic review highlighted a number of key findings in 37 domains of sport activities. Overall, NIRS information can be used as a meaningful marker of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and can become one of the primary monitoring tools in practice in conjunction with, or in comparison with, heart rate or mechanical power indices in diverse exercise contexts and across different types of training and interventions. Conclusions Although the feasibility and success of the use of muscle oximetry in sports science is well documented, there is still a need for further instrumental development to overcome current instrumental limitations. Longitudinal studies are urgently needed to strengthen the benefits of using muscle oximetry in sports science