Portail des publications scientifiques IMT Mines Alès
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Eco-Friendly Chitosan Composites: Transforming Miscanthus, Mushroom, Textile and Olive Waste into Sustainable Materials
No full texthttps://www.mdpi.com/2673-9623/4/3/19International audienceRecycling olive waste, a major by-product of the olive oil industry, presents significant environmental and economic benefits. This study explores the potential of olive waste (OW) byproducts, specifically their individual components such as olive stones (OS), olive oily pomace (OS) and olive oil-free pomace (OF), as sustainable alternatives to wood in eco-friendly composite materials, alongside other residues such as miscanthus, spent mushroom substrate and recycled textile waste. Composite panels were produced with densities ranging from 685 to 907 kg/m 3 through thermocompression. The manuscript details the production methodology and assesses the panel's thermal performance, water absorption, and mechanical strength. The aim is to assess the viability of these alternative materials in producing composites that could serve as environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional wood-based products. Oil-free pomace is a promising and effective alternative to wood, suitable for dry environments. Composite panels composed of miscanthus or spent mushroom substrate and oil-free pomace met the EN 312 standards for general-purpose products in dry conditions, highlighting their potential for use in sustainable applications
For the Trainees to Debrief after a Simulation Exercise: What Tools for the Trainer?
No full textInternational audienceIt is accepted that debriefing is a key point to establish the knowledge worked during the simulation. We propose to put the trainees at the heart of debriefing making them more active. We believe that the potential of simulation training is insufficiently exploited, particularly in the debriefing. Debriefing is when the trainees need to learn from their experimentation in simulation exercise. The debriefing assumes that trainees who have experienced a simulation need to take a step back from their actions. The underexploitation of the simulation potential during debriefing is based on three kinds of observations: the time of the debriefing session, the educational configuration chosen and the content of verbal interactions. Indeed, about the time, we note that this often takes place immediately after the exercise. This means that both the trainees and the trainers begin the debriefing in a state of cumulative fatigue during the exercise that lasted between 2 and 3 hours. Moreover, the short debriefing time (1 to 2 hours) requires a fast analysis. About the choice of the educational configuration, the debriefing is commonly organized in the manner of a dialogue course directed by the trainer. We assume that this configuration does not promote active engagement of the trainees. About the content of verbal interactions, there is a lack of mobilization of the actual activity experienced by the trainees during the simulation. The nature of the problem is therefore didactic-pedagogical: What working configuration can the trainer propose to the trainees so that they understand, analyze, and take a step back on their simulation? This problem underlies an ergonomic aspect: What are the tools to use to organize a debriefing promoting the involvement of the trainees in the analysis and sharing of their experience? As engineers, researchers, and teachers of the field of crisis management, our team is interested in the activity of risks managers to study the complexity of strategic command situations in order to understand, explanation and transformation. To conduct our research, to train our students and professionals, we have an experimental platform. The latter makes it possible to implement crisis management exercises. It consists of four rooms: two rooms reproducing commander positions as seen in crisis management cells; an animation room from which trainers-animators pilot the exercise scenario and play roles to simulate a major crisis (e.g. flood, forest fire, hazardous material transport accident); a technical room. The technical equipment is varied and requires one person for the general control of the machines (dome cameras, computers, interactive screens, telephones, computer network, sound and visual flows). For almost fifteen years, our team has been developing tools to assist trainers in the implementation of simulations (Sauvagnargues, 2018). Currently, we are interested in adapting techniques of analysis of the activity (e.g. methods of explicitation, autoconfrontation) to design post-exercise simulation sessions and make the trainees actors of their debriefing. The actions we implement focus on two functions of the trainer’s work: the design of post-exercise sessions and their implementation. The first action aims to design a pedagogical framework for the trainer offering a post-exercise workshop. These sessions incorporate elements of explicitation (Vermersch, 1994) and autoconfrontation (Theureau, 2008) techniques. The second action consists in implementing these sessions and collecting traces of activity to evaluate the outputs of this post-exercise workshop.We will organize our results in three parts: the explanation of the pedagogical framework of the post-exercise workshop, the analysis of the productions of the trainees and an assessment by the trainers who had to implement this session. Our proposal should make it possible to give a central place to the experience of the trainees. By integrating the results of research considering the analysis of the activity, we are led to discuss the recommendations that are usually found in guides to teach and learn through simulation. We hope that these questioning of habits will feed the reflections of communities of practice that use simulation in training.Our proposal involves rethinking post-exercise simulation to design training sessions in which the trainees study their own activity to develop their skills. This proposal involves devoting more time to debriefing, starting from the experience of the trainees (thus suspending the observations and feedback of the trainers), proposing practical workshops and manipulating techniques for analyzing the activity, rely on all traces of activity (memory, written traces produced during the simulation, video recordings)
How Effective are Tabletop Role-Playing (Serious) Games in Understanding and Validating the Predictive Capabilities of Disaster Response Agent-based Models?
No full textInternational audienceTabletop Role-Playing Games (TRPGs) for disaster response management are collaborative exercises in which participants take on the roles of characters, guided by a “Game Master.” TRPG are useful tools for training, improving the preparedness of emergency responders, and understanding/validating Agent-Based Models (ABMs). This study evaluates the knowledge of participants and assessed the effectiveness of utilizing TRPG in validating a NetLogo model. Medical doctors and master’s students were divided into two groups, who participated in the exercise based on defined disaster response strategies. The central components of the ABM were transformed into a Disaster Response Tabletop Role-Playing Game (DRTRPG). Medical doctors and master’s degree students were assigned to two groups in the exercise that is based on defined disaster response strategies. Multichoice pre- and post-assessment tests were used to evaluate each group’s knowledge, while a performance scoring matrix was used to generate data from in-game activity. Data was analyzed using Pandas and MS Excel data analytical tools. Pre and post-assessment test results (n = 8) showed an 11.5% and 3.1% increase in knowledge for medical doctors and students on disaster and healthcare decision-making, respectively. Visual comparison between the ABM and DRTRPG results reveals partial model validity. However, statistical comparison shows a clear variation in the outcomes. The “Alternate” policy strategy resulted in better disaster response outcomes. The design and implementation of the DRTRPG resulted in a collaborative understanding and communication of the ABMS model with promising results. However, there are significant statistical differences between both methodologies, highlighting the challenge of validating the predictive capabilities of ABMS using RPGs
New pet recycling method : manufacture of thermoplastic tape
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of the present work is to manufacture thermoplastic tapes using recycled PET as matrix anduse as little energy as possible to recycle PET, including drifted bottles. The first step in our process isto solubilize the polymer so that it can be impregnated into fibrous reinforcement. The idea is to createa colloid or a solution. To do this, it is required to find a solvent that is effective on PET. Next, a pathto characterize the wetting of both polymer in solution and polymer alone, followed by the wicking inthe fibrous reinforcement, will be developed. Characterizing these parameters will enable us tomaximize impregnation and minimize porosity inside the tape which is an issue with actual processes
Influence of the test liquids nature on the unsaturated permeability of a basalt fabric
No full textInternational audienceThe present work evaluates the influence of test liquids nature on the unsaturated and saturatedpermeability of a basalt fabric. To do this, four test liquids were chosen: water, polyethylene glycol,silicon oil and epoxy resin. The experimental approach consisted first of determining the viscosity andthe surface tension, included the polar and dispersive components, of the test liquids and secondly, ofcharacterizing the unsaturated and saturated permeability of the basalt fabric with the four liquids. Thefirst results showed that the surface properties of the polyethylene glycol are the closest to those ofepoxy resins, when compared to the other test liquids. However, its viscosity is ten times lower than theresin one. For the permeability experiments, the first results show a difference of 20% between resultsof water and PEG300. Other experiments with silicon oil and epoxy resin are currently carried out inorder to complete these results and to investigate the influence of the test liquid nature on the unsaturatedand saturated permeability
Experimental Characterization of Metallic Iron Oxidation
No full textInternational audienceMetallic iron is a candidate for future renewable energetic production, as an aero-space propellant [1]. Besides, the use of pure iron as a renewable energetic material, in the Direct Reduction Iron (DRI) process (sponge iron) [2] for sustainable steel production, in the production of hydrogen gas under mild hydrothermal conditions (200 – 300 °C, in the presence of carbon dioxide) [3], and for energy storage systems [4] has increased the need for the chemical and physical characterization of the oxidation of fine powders in oxidant environments. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed this complex, multiphase phenomenon, including the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of pure metallic, dustparticles in air. To this scope, cone calorimeter tests focusing on the quantification of the heat release rate and the overall reactivity were performed in this work
Cellulose nanocrystals as reinforcements in thermoplastic composites: processing routes as key
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The effects of ambient scent on olfactory comfort and attitude toward its use in a tramway: an on-board study
No full textInternational audienceNowadays, cities are increasingly promoting active transportation modes and public transport to reduce car use. In parallel, the management of problematic ambient factors such as the odour in public transport systems is becoming a very important issue due to crowding that is constantly increasing. In this context, in order to contribute to public policies and to reduce olfactory nuisances, we evaluated the effects of ambient scent diffusers on the user experience and their attitude toward the use of such devices in public transport. We collected data among users of the tramway of Montpellier (France). They were questioned on-board about the ambient odour in two different situations. Users answered either in presence (70 users) or absence (97 users) of an ambient scent in the tramway carriage they were in. Our main results show that the presence of an ambient scent increased the pleasantness rating of the ambient odour and attenuated the perception of other odours inherent to public transport (perspiration, food, perfumes, etc.). Furthermore, the user attitude toward the presence of such a device in tramway carriages improved when the ambient scent was present. Thus, ambient scents might be a great tool in order to improve the olfactory comfort in public transport
Straightforward Adaptation of Particle Filter to Fish Eye Images for Top View Pedestrian Tracking
No full textInternational audienceObject tracking in computer vision, essential for detecting, locating, and predicting object movement in videos [5], faces challenges with fisheye cameras due to wide-angle views, distortion, and complex perspective shifts. Particle Filters offer a solution by providing a flexible framework for tracking objects in nonlinear, wide-angle scenes. They excel in handling fisheye image characteristics like distortion correction and probabilistic state estimation, making them valuable for robust object tracking in fisheye camera setups
Interactions son/mouvement: indiçage rythmique et sonification
No full textInternational audienceDans le domaine de la santé, la sonification de mouvement émerge comme technique innovante de stimulation de l’appareil sensori-moteur. Dans cet atelier seront présentés deux mises en oeuvre expérimentales de techniques de sonification menées au sein de l’unité de recherche EuroMov DHM. Le premier dispositif, appelé HearMyHarm, a été conçu dans le cadre du traitement de la maladie de Parkinson. L’approche retenue est celle d’un retour sonore continu dont l’objectif est de permettre aux utilisateurs de prendre conscience de la position de leur bras et de l’amplitude des mouvements réalisés. Le développement d’un premier prototype a été l’occasion de tester deux systèmes de capture du mouvement (Qualisys et Movella Xsens), et de concevoir un système de synthèse sonore lié aux coordonnées biomécaniques du mouvement. Le deuxième dispositif est développé dans le cadre du projet européen Sharespace. Ce projet propose la création et l'exploration d'espaces virtuels et hybrides englobant une approche sensorimotrice des interactions sociales. Dans le cadre du scénario « health », un travail est en cours avec l’hôpital Vall d’Hebron de Barcelone pour le traitement de la lombalgie. L’utilisation du son au coeur de l’espace virtuel dans lequel le patient réalise des mouvements thérapeutiques ouvre de nombreuses perspectives de stimulations et de retours pour l’utilisateur, sur des aspects motivationnels et posturaux