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Artificial selection of suppressive or conducive rhizosphere microbiota circumvents the growth-defense trade-off due to a foliar pathogen
No full textInternational audiencePlant-pathogen interactions are influenced by physiological responses and rhizospheric microorganisms, which can create disease-suppressive or disease-conducive soils affecting pathogen dynamics. This study used artificial selection to shape soil microbiota conditioned by Arabidopsis thaliana to either suppress or promote the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (Pst). Over successive iterations, plants were inoculated with Pst, and soils were selected based on plant symptoms: enhanced resistance (suppressive), increased susceptibility (conducive), or no selection (control). A non-inoculated group (non-conditioned) was also included. Disease symptoms, Pst proliferation, and rhizosphere microbiota were monitored each iteration. Selection for suppressive soils reduced disease severity and Pst levels, while conducive soils showed the opposite. Each soil type was enriched in distinct bacterial communities. A growth-defense trade-off was evident in control soils but less so in selected soils. Gene expression analysis revealed that plant hormone homeostasis, especially salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) played key roles with SA linked to local defense and JA to systemic responses. This work highlights artificial selection as a promising strategy to modulate soil microbiota, influencing plant-pathogen interactions and microbial dynamics
Asile : Dies a quo du délai de transfert; CJUE, 18 déc. 2025, aff. C-560/23, Tang
No full textInternational audienceUn jugement annulant une décision de transfert à raison de circonstances nouvelles déterminantes et renvoyant l’affaire à l’autorité administrative pour réexamen est une décision intermédiaire et non une décision définitive sur le recoursCette procédure doit être conçue de manière à l’impératif de célérité pour la détermination de l’État membre responsable
Reframing language difficulties in priority education : Teachers’ social situatedness, diagnoses, and an improvisational alternative to normative pedagogies
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Comment choisir des contenus mathématiques pertinents pour comprendre et surmonter la seconde discontinuité de Klein avec les futurs enseignants ? Le cas du produit scalaire
No full textInternational audienceThe issues related to Klein’s second discontinuity necessarily lead to the question of the choice of mathematical contents on which to focus and the way to consider the teaching of these contents in secondary education. In this article, we propose to explore this issue in the context of the French educational system for the case of the scalar product. We use examples that seem to us to highlight some important issues related to this second discontinuity, whether for researchers, future teachers or students.Los problemas relacionados con la segunda discontinuidad de Klein conducen necesariamente a la cuestión de la elección de los contenidos matemáticos en los que centrarse y a la forma de considerar la retrospectiva sobre la enseñanza de estos contenidos en la educación secundaria. En este artículo, nos proponemos explorar esta cuestión en el contexto del sistema educativo francés para el caso del producto escalar. Nos basamos en ejemplos que nos parece que ponen de manifiesto algunas cuestiones importantes relacionadas con esta segunda discontinuidad, tanto para los investigadores como para los futuros profesores o estudiantes.Les problématiques liées à la seconde discontinuité de Klein amènent nécessairement la question du choix des contenus mathématiques sur lesquels se concentrer et la manière d’envisager le recul sur l’enseignement de ces contenus dans l’enseignement secondaire. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’explorer cette problématique dans le cadre du système éducatif français pour le cas du produit scalaire. Nous nous appuyons sur des exemplesqui nous semblent mettre en évidence certains enjeux importants liés à cette seconde discontinuité, que ce soit pour les chercheurs, les futurs enseignants ou les étudiants
Increased worker aggression toward allopatric compared to sympatric males in an ant species with limited female dispersal
No full textInternational audienceMating with the best partner is a critical step in the life of an organism, especially when there is a lifelong commitment between partners. Genetic compatibility between mating partners is thought to be an important driver of mate choice, either through inbreeding and/or outbreeding avoidance. Social species provide very interesting systems where related group members may affect each other’s mating choice. This is the case of social insects, where sterile workers could actively drive the mating choice of their sister queens. Here, we performed two series of dyadic choice tests under laboratory conditions in the low dispersing ant Cataglyphis piliscapa. We tested (i) whether a virgin queen chooses between two males of varied genetic proximity (allopatric vs sympatric) and (ii) whether workers modulate male access to the queen. In tests without worker, allopatric and sympatric males attempted mating equally. Allopatric males succeeded mating more often, but there was no indication of queen choice. When present, workers attacked allopatric males thrice as much as sympatric males. Workers presence reduced the frequency of mating attempts, and more so for the males that they strongly aggressed. We suggest that worker aggressions may have stronger effects in the field where males attempt to mate for many hours and discuss the factors that could favor this behavior. We discuss our results in the light of the very strong population genetic differentiation of C. piliscapa, which could favor outbreeding avoidance, and of its peculiar reproductive system
Articulation entre Espaces de travail mathématique (ETM) et algorithmique (ETA) : une séquence de programmation en mathématiques au secondaire au Québec
No full textInternational audienceAlthough computer programming is not part of the mathematics curriculum in Quebec, some teachers have begun integrating it into their lessons. Based on a case study conducted in a Quebec City high school classroom, we analyze how one teacher attempts to use Mathematical Workspace (MWS) and Algorithmic Workspace (AWS) to facilitate algebraic generalization. Our analysis of five episodes reveals the challenges of setting up a fibered workspace in which objects can move seamlessly between mathematics and informatics. We also discuss the difficulties of introducing algorithms to develop or initiate mathematical concepts, particularly generalization.Bien que la programmation informatique ne figure pas dans les programmes de mathématiques au Québec, certains enseignants l’intègre dans leur enseignement. À partir d’une étude de cas menée dans une classe de secondaire à Québec, nous analysons la manière dont une enseignante tente d’articuler Espace de Travail Mathématique (ETM) et Espace de Travail Algorithmique (ETA) pour soutenir la construction de premières formes de généralisations algébriques. L’analyse de cinq épisodes révèle les difficultés à installer un espace de travail fibré dans lequel les objets circulent de façon fluide entre les deux espaces mathématiques et informatique. Nous mettons en évidence les défis didactiques liés à l’introduction de l’algorithmique pour construire ou initier des concepts mathématiques, en particulier lorsqu’il s’agit d’introduire les prémices de la généralisation
The role of digital personalization techniques in client acquisition and retention on C2C luxury resale platforms
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Juvenile-onset mixed connective tissue disease: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: Juvenile-onset mixed connective tissue disease (jMCTD) accounts for 7-23 % of MCTD cases but remains poorly described. We aimed to characterize clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of patients with jMCTD, and compare them to adult-onset MCTD (aMCTD) patients. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study within the French MCTD cohort. Each jMCTD patient was compared to 3 matched aMCTD patients. Results: Forty-seven jMCTD patients (93.6 % girls; median age at onset 14 [11-16] years) were included. Forty-four (93.6 %) jMCTD patients fulfilled either Sharp or Kasukawa diagnostic criteria. None of them met other diagnostic criteria without fulfilling Sharp or Kasukawa criteria. At diagnosis, jMCTD patients' main manifestations were Raynaud's phenomenon, arthralgia, and myalgia. jMCTD patients had less frequently puffy fingers than aMCTD (p < 0.0001). Cumulatively, jMCTD patients mainly received glucocorticoids (80.9 %), hydroxychloroquine (95.7 %) and immunosuppressants (93.6 %). They received a higher initial dose of glucocorticoids (30 [20-60] mg/day vs. 15 [10-35] mg/day, p = 0.02), and significantly more frequently methotrexate (Methotrexate) and rituximab (p = 0.01) over time compared to aMCTD. After a median follow-up of 9.8 [6.6-16.2] years, 29 (61.7 %) jMCTD patients were in remission (vs. 62 (44.0 %) aMCTD; p < 0.05), 36 % had progressed to another CTD (vs. 30.5 % aMCTD; p = 0.5), mainly systemic lupus erythematosus, 11 (23.4 %) had developed interstitial lung disease, 2 (4.3 %) pulmonary arterial hypertension, and 1 (2.1 %) died. Conclusions: jMCTD share the same clinical characteristics as aMCTD patients, but less frequently have puffy fingers. Outcomes appear more favorable in jMCTD than aMCTD, with higher remission rates, albeit at the cost of more intensive treatment
Doing Attending in Multi-Party Dinner Settings : Static and Dynamic Forms of Attention in French and French Sign Language
No full textInternational audienceIn social interaction research, so-called "listeners" are known for being active co-participants of the interaction through several engagement displays, labeled as feedback, backchannel, or listener responses. Enriched by our account of interactions in French and French Sign Language, we suggest using the term 'doing attending' so as to not restrict this practice to a single modality and highlight its functional and interactional nature. Our analyses of video-recorded interactions during family dinners held at home, further demonstrate how such multimodal displays may not always be characterized by 'dynamic' forms, and are deeply shaped by polyadicity as well as co-activity and material affordances, in both languages
Gender differences in audience participation at infectious disease and microbiology conferences: a prospective observational study
No full textInternational audienceObjectivesIn medicine, women constitute a large proportion of the workforce but remain underrepresented in senior positions. Scientific conferences, critical for career advancement, reflect these inequities, with prior studies documenting gender gaps in invited speakers. However, less attention has been given to audience engagement, such as asking questions or making comments, which also enhances professional visibility. This study investigates gender differences in audience participation at infectious disease and clinical microbiology conferences, examining their prevalence, contextual variation, and potential structural drivers.MethodsThis prospective observational study recorded audience participations during national and international infectious disease and clinical microbiology conferences (October 2023–October 2024). Consortium members documented eligible sessions with traditional presentation–discussion formats, noting gender, role, and type of participation. Statistical analyses compared observed gender proportions with attendee distributions and examined factors associated with women's participation.ResultsA total of 298 sessions from 24 conferences were analysed, comprising 1873 audience participations. Women delivered 47.8% of presentations (n = 487/1018; 95% CI, 44.8–50.9%) but accounted for only 36.4% of participations (n = 681/1873; 95% CI, 34.2–38.5%), significantly fewer than men both in absolute terms and relative to their representation among attendees (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed women were more likely to intervene when at least one moderator was female (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.02–2.04%; p 0.037), with a stronger effect when all moderators were women (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.40–3.24%; p < 0.001), and when the first question was asked by a woman (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00–1.81%; p 0.046).ConclusionOur findings highlight actionable levers to advance equity. Addressing participation gaps and raising awareness of gender disparities are essential to foster inclusive visibility, empower women, and strengthen scientific innovation