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Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissue Phantoms Using Impact Analysis
No full textInternational audienceSkin physiopathological conditions have a strong influence on its biomechanical properties. However, it remains difficult to accurately assess the surface stiffness of soft tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of an impact-based analysis method (IBAM) and to compare them with those of an existing digital palpation device, MyotonPro®. The IBAM is based on the impact of an instrumented hammer equipped with a force sensor on a cylindrical punch in contact with agar-based phantoms mimicking soft tissues. The indicator Δt is estimated by analyzing the force signal obtained from the instrumented hammer. Various phantom geometries, stiffnesses and structures (homogeneous and bilayer) were used to estimate the performances of both methods. Measurements show that the IBAM is sensitive to a volume of interest equivalent to a sphere approximately twice the punch diameter. The sensitivity of the IBAM to changes in Young’s modulus is similar to that of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and significantly better compared to MyotonPro. The axial (respectively, lateral) resolution is two (respectively, five) times lower with the IBAM than with MyotonPro. The present study paves the way for the development of a simple, quantitative and non-invasive method to measure skin biomechanical properties
From discourse to dialogue: exploring dialogic gestures in French interaction
No full textInternational audienceFor a long time over the past fifty years, a distinction has often been made between ‘referential’ and ‘pragmatic’ gestures (Kendon, 2004, 2017; Lopez-Ozieblo, 2020) to refer to the two main functions of manual gestures in interaction: some are used to represent objects or spatial relations (referential), while others display a stance, embody a speech act, or indicate the relationship between different discourse segments (pragmatic). The latter are also known as ‘speech-handling’ gestures (Streeck, 2009) and share many recurrent (Muller, 2017) formal features such as the palm-up open hand, the finger bunch, the cyclic gesture, or the shrug, among others. Fewer studies have been dedicated to interactive gestures, which can be viewed as a subtype of pragmatic gestures (Kendon, 2017). One notable exception is the seminal work of Bavelas et al. (1992, 1995) who presented a typology of gestures ‘specialized for dialogue’, including common-ground gestures, gestures used to cite the interlocutor’s previous contribution, or turn-taking gestures. Additionally, while all pragmatic gestures can be considered as interactive, some referential gestures (i.e. representational and deictic) can also serve interactive functions, especially in contexts of co-construction and alignment. From an interactionist and dialogical approach (Bakhtine 1978, 1984 ; Couper-Kuhlen & Selting, 2018), any gesture can be considered interactive to a certain extent, in the sense that they are ‘addressed to the interlocutor’ during situated interaction. For the present study, we adopt the term ‘dialogic gestures’ to refer to those gestures which embody ‘dialogic moves’ (Hudelot & Salazar-Orvig, 2003) and are thus primarily oriented to the dialogue rather than discourse.This study aims at examining the dialogic dimension of referential and pragmatic gestures in six 20-minute recordings of semi-spontaneous French conversations between university students. Building and expanding on Bavelas and colleagues’ initial typology, we first distinguish between gestures that are oriented to the dialogue and the interlocutor (“dialogic”) and those that are more discourse- and self-oriented (“discursive”) before labeling them ‘pragmatic’ or ‘referential’. Gesture form was also annotated (pointing, palm up, cyclic gesture, finger snap, tracing, molding, acting…) as well as other bodily articulators such as eyebrows, torso and head movements, which contribute both to interactional dynamics and discourse construction. Results show that speakers mainly rely on pragmatic gestures during face-to-face interaction, confirming their interactive nature in dialogue but also their structuring role during discourse elaboration. Dialogic gestures, which are mostly pragmatic, are highly influenced by the level of familiarity and engagement found within the pairs; while some pairs are highly engaged and rely a lot on common ground, others are more withdrawn and thus rely less on dialogic gestures. In particular, (dis)alignment, common ground, and citing are among the most frequent subtypes of dialogic gestures. More detailed qualitative analyses show that some of the functions put forth by Bavelas and colleagues (e.g. “delivery” gestures) can also be applied to discourse-oriented gestures, thus highlighting the intricate relation between discourse and dialogue in interaction.At the formal level, Finger pointing and palm ups, depending on the context, can both be used to point towards or introduce/maintain a referent (referential) or establish common ground and signaling agreement or disapproval (pragmatic). The orientation of the hands, in particular, can further help distinguish between a discourse-oriented gesture and a dialogic one. This further questions the complex relationship between form, shape, orientation, and function.Although pragmatic gestures can always be considered interactive (according to Bavelas and colleagues), this study shows that some sequential and contextual features (turn sequencing, turn positioning, and other dialogic moves) can further influence the way speakers make use of different types of gestures to anchor and ground themselves in conversation and participate in discourse co-construction
Ixazomib, pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma characterized with high-risk cytogenetics: the IFM 2014-01 study
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Ten-year follow-up of degenerative spinal lesions on radiographs and MRI in axial spondyloarthritis: results of the DESIR (DEvenir des spondylarthropathies indifférenciées récentes) cohort
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Objectives To investigate the occurrence of spinal degenerative lesions (DL)s in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) inception cohort in radiographs and MRI over 10 years (10Y), to assess their changes over time and factors associated with them. Methods Whole spine MRI and cervical and lumbar spine radiographs at baseline/5Y/10Y of patients with axSpA from the DESIR cohort were assessed for DLs by three readers. For descriptive analyses, DLs were defined by agreement between ≥ 2/3 readers or using the average of their assessments, at the patient level (≥ 1 lesion/patient). To assess the progression of DLs over time, we used multilevel generalised estimating equation models considering individual reader data. Results Imaging was available for 330 patients (mean age 34 [9] years, 47% male). At baseline, 53% of patients had ≥ 1 DL on radiographs and 94% on MRI; 71% and 97% had DL at 10Y, respectively. The most frequent lesion on radiographs was disc height loss (baseline: 45% of patients, 10Y: 65%) and MRI disc degeneration (86%, 95%). Progression over time on radiographs was detected for osteophytes (change/Y: 2.34%, 95% CI: 1.92–2.75), disc height loss (1.37%, 0.95–1.80) and facet joint osteoarthritis (1.30%, 0.90–1.69) and on MRI for disc bulging/herniation (1.19%, 0.74–1.64), Modic type I (1.01%, 0.69–1.33) and II (0.94%, 0.66–1.22) lesions. We also observed a significant increase per year in the total number of DLs on radiographs (β: 1.81, 1.48–2.14) and MRI (β: 4.17, 3.49–4.84). Associated factors in both modalities were increasing BMI and bDMARDs exposure. Conclusion In axSpA spinal DLs, though common, progress very slowly over 10Y. Faster progression is observed with increasing BMI and bDMARDs exposure (severe axSpA). Key Points Question The long-term evolution of spinal DLs in axSpA on radiographs and MRI, and the associated factors, is currently poorly understood . Findings Spinal DLs, although common, progress slowly over 10Y, but in patients with a higher BMI or exposed to bDMARDs, the progression is faster . Clinical relevance Understanding the progression of spinal DLs in axSpA helps to refine the interpretation of long-term imaging, limit diagnostic errors and optimise management strategies, particularly in patients with the highest risk of progression of these lesions
Contribution of shotgun metagenomics in the diagnosis of a subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Parathyridaria percutanea
No full textInternational audienceDiagnosis of subcutaneous infection caused by Parathyridaria percutanea, a rare and emerging tropical fungal pathogen identified in an immunocompromised woman using clinical shotgun metagenomics
Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: How to Improve the Evaluation of Therapeutic Strategies
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Espaces critiques.Dimension spatiale des rapports sociaux et champ scientifique.
No full textInternational audienceDepuis le milieu des années 2000, la question de la dimension spatiale des rapports sociaux, des inégalités et des formes de domination est de plus en plus explorée en géographie française, mais aussi dans d’autres sciences sociales comme la sociologie et la science politique. L’ouvrage poursuit cette dynamique en contribuant à une forme de réflexivité, soit en explicitant des positionnements théoriques soumis à la discussion collective, soit en analysant la recherche comme des pratiques sociales qui s’affrontent à des cloisonnements ou des hiérarchies entre disciplines, langues ou champs nationaux, qu’il s’agit d’identifier pour pouvoir les dépasser. Espaces critiques peut alors se comprendre de deux façons : ce sont d’abord les différentes conceptions de la dimension spatiale mais aussi scalaire des rapports sociaux qu’élaborent les recherches critiques ; ce sont aussi les espaces sociaux, qui ne sont pas seulement académiques, dans lesquels les recherches sont élaborées, discutées et transmises
: A radio workshop to counter epistemic violence: how to make place for refugee-seekers to speak up. Interview with Séréna Naudin
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Crowdlending platforms: reputation on the line
No full textInternational audienceDespite the growing importance of crowdlending platforms as a new avenue for financing businesses, limited attention has been given to understanding how these platforms can enhance their reputation - an essential driver of their development and survival. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the factors that influence platform reputation. Drawing from the literature on corporate reputation and crowdfunding, we employ a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on a sample of 221 European crowdlending platforms active as of July 2024. We examine how various factors, such as financial performance, social media, media relations, age, media visibility, and country specificity of platforms, combine and causally interact to produce both high and low levels of platform reputation. The results reveal that these factors interact non-linearly, with multiple configurations of conditions (factors) leading to similar reputational outcomes. No single condition alone determines reputation; instead, reputation emerges from different combinations of conditions. By shedding light on the mechanisms that shape platform reputation, this study contributes to corporate reputation and crowdfunding literature. It also provides practical insights for platform managers, showing that if a platform is less competitive in certain areas, it can improve its reputation by compensating through strengths in other domains. Furthermore, regulators and national crowdfunding associations should collaborate to improve the investment environment and promote greater media visibility for crowdlending and the broader crowdfunding sector
Le partage social des émotions chez 140 psychologues-psychothérapeutes français
No full textInternational audienceContextTherapists must manage high emotional demands due to the nature of their work. Emotional regulation is crucial not only for their personal well-being but also for the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Ineffective emotional regulation can compromise the therapeutic relationship and increase the risk of burnout. While many studies have explored emotional regulation by therapists during sessions, few have investigated how these emotions are managed outside of sessions, particularly through the social sharing of emotions (SSE) after an interaction with a patient. SSE allows people to express and share emotions with their social environment, which can help regulate negative emotions and strengthen social bonds.Materials and methodsThis study aims to explore the use of SSE among therapists. A sample of 140 French psychologists completed an online questionnaire on the characteristics of emotional sharing outside of therapy following emotions felt during a session. Participants were asked to recall a negative emotional event related to their therapeutic relationship with a patient. Then, they described the intensity and valence of the emotions experienced, and their use of SSE (sharing partner, frequency, and other modalities). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations.ResultsIn total, 98.57% of participants engaged in SSE after emotionally charged events related to their practice, primarily on the same day as the event. The most frequent sharing partners were colleagues (62.3%) and life partners (55.1%), followed by peer therapists and supervisors. On average, SSE was initiated by the participants themselves and occurred shortly after the emotional event. The frequency of sharing was positively correlated with the intensity of the emotions felt (emotional intensity at the time of the event: tau = 0.245; p < 0.001 and emotional intensity at the time of the study: tau = 0.151; p = 0.026). However, there was no significant correlation with the timing of sharing or its exhaustiveness. Higher emotional intensity was associated with more frequent SSE, suggesting an increased need for sharing when facing intense emotions.ConclusionThe results show that therapists widely use SSE as an emotional regulation strategy, primarily with colleagues and life partners. This highlights the importance of this emotional regulation strategy in their professional practice. Sharing plays a crucial role in providing emotional support, strengthening professional bonds, and facilitating the management of difficult emotions. However, sharing can sometimes become repetitive and unresolved, leading to rumination. Furthermore, excessive sharing with close ones raises ethical and professional concerns, as well as emotional repercussions for the surrounding environment. It is essential to prioritize a professional setting for SSE to maximize its benefits while minimizing the risks of emotional overload and co-rumination. The study thus emphasizes the importance of promoting a professional environment that encourages the social sharing of emotions among colleagues or peers while avoiding excessive involvement of close ones. Future research should explore how to structure this sharing to maximize emotional and professional benefits while minimizing the risks of emotional overload and vicarious impact on close ones. Targeted interventions, such as regular supervision and peer support groups, could strengthen the emotional resilience of therapists, enhance their professional well-being, and, in turn, improve the quality of care offered to patients.ContexteLes psychologues-psychothérapeutes sont confrontés à des expériences émotionnelles variées au cours de leur pratique, plaçant ainsi la question de la régulation émotionnelle au cœur de leur vie professionnelle. Cette étude s’est intéressée à une stratégie de régulation émotionnelle spécifique qu’est le partage social des émotions. Elle visait à explorer son usage et ses caractéristiques dans un échantillon de psychologues-psychothérapeutes français.Matériels et méthodesLes participants ont rempli un auto-questionnaire en ligne, élaboré sur la base d’une sélection d’items provenant de recherches antérieures sur le partage social des émotions. Ils devaient se remémorer un événement émotionnel négatif lié à leur relation thérapeutique avec un patient, afin d’évaluer les caractéristiques du recours au partage social des émotions avec leur environnement social (conjoint, amis, collègues…).RésultatsLes données révèlent que 98,57 % des psychologues-psychothérapeutes interrogés ont partagé leurs émotions suite à une situation professionnelle, principalement le jour même, de manière répétée, avec des collègues de travail en premier lieu, suivis de leur conjoint. De plus, des corrélations significatives ont été observées entre l’intensité émotionnelle (IE) et la fréquence du PSE (IE initiale : tau = 0,245 ; p < 0,001 et IE actuelle : tau = 0,151 ; p = 0,026), mais aucune corrélation significative avec le délai ou l’exhaustivité du partage émotionnel.ConclusionLes psychothérapeutes ont recours au partage social des émotions en contexte professionnel de manière similaire à la population générale. Ceci souligne l’importance de cette stratégie de régulation émotionnelle au sein de leur pratique professionnelle. Bien que ce partage offre un soutien émotionnel et renforce les liens professionnels, il présente également des risques tels que la rumination et soulève des questions éthiques lorsqu’il implique des proches. Pour maximiser les bénéfices du PSE tout en limitant les risques, il est crucial de privilégier un cadre professionnel structuré, comme la supervision et les groupes de soutien entre collègues ou entre pairs, afin de favoriser le bien-être émotionnel des psychothérapeutes et améliorer la qualité des soins prodigués aux patients