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The choice of study designs of diagnostic accuracy using Borrelia specific IgG and IgM antibodies for the diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundLaboratory diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB) is used in a variety of clinical settings where a range of other diagnoses may be considered. Therefore, it is essential that diagnostic accuracy studies and literature reviews consider information from different types of studies and choices of sample groups. The quality of patient selection is important to minimize the risk of misclassification. This narrative review was inspired by systematic reviews where nearly all studies on the diagnostic accuracy for LB tests were determined as biased and having low quality based solely on study design considerations—not the clinical relevance.ObjectivesTo propose flexible design and interpretation of studies used to assess diagnostic accuracy in clinical microbiology.SourcesCriteria for rating the quality of studies were discussed among the ESCMID study group for LB ESGBOR (The ESCMID study group for Lyme borreliosis). The literature was searched for similar methodological discussions.ContentKnowledge of antibody reactivity in the background population across various clinical patient groups with and without infection should consider variations in clinical presentation and duration of disease. Case-control studies are the most frequently used design and were judged particularly instrumental in assessing serologic testing. However, clinical and epidemiological studies not specifically intended for diagnostic accuracy may also contribute estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Systematic reviews should focus on the application of the diagnostic assay for the individual patient in various clinical settings, rather than seeking an unbiased average. Different LB sample groups and controls for test panels are discussed.ImplicationsCase-control (two-gate design) studies, case series, and seroprevalence studies representing the range of LB in different populations are necessary to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for LB. A broader range of studies should be considered for inclusion in systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy
Vers une meilleure gestion de la douleur des mammifères et poissons destinés à la consommation humaine – Partie 2 : Prise en charge
No full textInternational audienceAprès un premier article consacré à la douleur chez les animaux de production, cet article propose de dresser un état des lieux des connaissances scientifiques sur la gestion de la douleur chez les animaux de production destinés à la consommation humaine, à la fois chez les mammifères et les poissons. Le soulagement de la douleur repose notamment sur sa prise en charge pharmacologique. Quatre familles de molécules sont ou pourraient être mobilisables pour une analgésie multimodale : les anesthésiques locaux, les α2-agonistes, les anti-inflammatoires et les opioïdes. En complément, la douleur peut être gérée par une approche dite éthologique, qui repose sur les facteurs émotionnels et attentionnels, ou sur l’entraînement des animaux
: “Play in real life”: Enrolling professionals to better engage students in learning business skills
No full textInternational audienceComment introduire des mises en situations les plus réalistes possibles dans le cadre d’un enseignement universitaire dans les murs ? Comment enrôler des professionnels dans l’évaluation de la montée en compétences commerciales des étudiants ? L’article qui suit décrit une innovation pédagogique s’appuyant sur une gamification et une communication régulière d’un projet d’études auprès de professionnels. Il propose un cadre théorique pour évaluer ce dispositif. La valorisation par les étudiants des compétences commerciales acquises est un enjeu fort de la dernière année de licence, en amont d’un stage et/ou d’un apprentissage. Mais ce marketing de soi suppose qu’ils se sentent légitimes à revendiquer des compétences professionnelles, surtout quand ils ne disposent pas d’expériences professionnelles antérieures y afférent. L’analyse des effets de l’innovation décrite a souligné que la participation de professionnels à un projet pédagogique leur permettant d’être témoin de la progression des étudiants est un levier pour améliorer leur légitimité perçue. Nous montrons que la théorie de l’engagement est un cadre pertinent pour évaluer les effets de cette innovation sur les étudiants. Ce faisant, nous explorons la possibilité d’évaluer, a posteriori, une innovation ordinaire (Alter, 2010)
Etude du comportement thermique et des impacts environnementaux d'une école parisienne
No full textInternational audienceL'analyse de cycle de vie est une méthode fiable et adaptée à une démarche d'écoconception des bâtiments évitant de nombreux transferts de pollution. Or, elle est encore peu utilisée en phase amont de conception et de rénovation, lorsque les décisions importantes sont prises pour l'ensemble bâti. La nécessité d'outils complexes, de compétences d'expertise et de données spécifiques généralement peu nombreuses ou peu accessibles compliquent son application. Cette communication présente un projet en partenariat avec la ville de Paris, visant à développer une méthodologie pour l'écoconception adaptée aux objectifs et au périmètre de responsabilité des maîtres d'ouvrage. Les développements proposés ici portent sur la collecte de données et l'évaluation du comportement estival d'une école parisienne face aux climats futurs, dans un but d'utilisation des outils en phase amont des projets de conception et de rénovation pour réduire les surchauffes d'été d'une part et les impacts environnementaux d'autre part
Weight of Words: Description and Impacts of Obesity-Related Stigma
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This study investigated weight-related stigmatization in France using a mixed-methods approach with two aims: (1) to generate a systematic inventory of weight-related stigmatizing situations and (2) to examine how quality of life, self-esteem, and internalization of responsibility vary with BMI and sociodemographic factors (age, degree, and bariatric surgery). For the first objective, 252 French women reported a negative weight-related experience between September and December 2024, rated its emotional impact, and identified the source, form, and context of the stigma. For the second objective, 387 women and 63 men completed an online survey measuring attitudes (belief in a just world, self-esteem, and quality of life) and sociodemographic variables (gender, age, BMI, and degree). Qualitative analysis identified 484 stigmatizing incidents, categorized into eight themes. The most common were unpleasant verbal remarks (comments on appearance and weight, normative injunctions, and guilt-inducing statements), mainly from healthcare professionals. Most events occurred in private or semi-private settings such as homes or healthcare environments, often when the individual was alone with another person. Quantitative analyses revealed that greater stigma exposure, especially when paired with higher BMI, was linked to lower quality of life and, consequently, reduced self-esteem. Repeated stigmatization also led to a perception by people with obesity that, while the world is fair to others, it is unfair to them, further undermining their self-worth. These findings highlight the profound psychological toll of weight-related stigmatization and the need for more inclusive social and healthcare environments
Qualification d’une mesure de suspension de la peine, CJUE, 11 sept. 2025, aff. C-215/24, Fira
No full textInternational audienceUne mesure de suspension de la peine participe du jugement de condamnation et n’est pas une modalité d’exécution de celui-ci. L’État d’exécution du jugement de condamnation ne peut suspendre la peine prononcée par l’État d’émissio
Making Sense of Conflicts During Management Consulting Missions: A Values-in-Practice Approach
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates to what extent and how consultant–client relationships generate conflicts, in particular conflicts of values. Based on 50 case studies of management consulting missions, our research identifies four client–consultant relationship dynamics, of which three are marked by relational, methodological, or values conflicts. Our results: (1) highlight the situated and dynamic nature of values conflicts, which are shown to be associated with the consultant’s or client’s relational practices, as they violate norms of respectful business interactions; (2) demonstrate how values—referring to what practices are and are not desirable from the consultant’s and client’s points of view—are called upon to make sense of situations that are experienced as highly stressful or emotional and that disrupt expectations of a business relationship; and (3) complement Jehn’s (1992) definition of relational conflict by specifying that it can be associated with various conceptions of business relationships. From these results, we suggest two sets of practical recommendations to limit the risk of conflicts and improve both clients’ and consultants’ well-being during consulting projects
Beyond binaries in the urban politics of the senses: Ambivalent sensory encounters in French medium-sized shrinking cities
No full textInternational audienceThis article contributes to scholarly analyses of urban sensory politics, which emphasise the ‘othering’ strategies of middle-class residents targeting the sensory practices and embodied presence of marginalised urban residents. It introduces greater nuance to three structuring binaries that are readily apparent in current scholarly understandings of urban sensory politics: disrupted/disruptive; familiar/unfamiliar; and oppressive/emancipatory. The article focuses on the sensory politics at work in contexts of urban shrinkage. Shrinking cities are characterised by specific processes of economic, spatial and social change, where affordable housing continues to attract new residents, including a growing proportion of socially and economically marginalised people, even as demographic decline eats away at the urban core. The proximity of people of varied socioeconomic statuses with different lifestyles gives rise to sensory encounters marked by difference, and at times tension. I ask, how can we understand the complex and ambivalent sensory experiences of urban change in medium-sized shrinking cities? Drawing on ethnographic material collected in two French shrinking cities, Dieppe and Nevers, and focusing on more vulnerable residents attracted by affordable housing, I analyse a series of ambivalent sensory encounters , marked by intricate, plural, sometimes contradictory feelings and meanings
Adjoint-based optimization of the Rayleigh-Bénard instability with melting boundary
No full textIn this work, we propose an adjoint-based optimization procedure to control the onset of the Rayleigh-Bénard instability with a melting front. A novel cut cell method is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation and the convection-diffusion equation in the fluid layer, as well as the heat equation in the solid phase. To track the interface we use the level set method where its evolution is simply governed by an advection equation. An incomplete continuous adjoint problem is then derived by treating the velocity field obtained from the forward problem as a known variable in the adjoint convection-diffusion equation, thereby avoiding the need to solve a Navier-Stokes adjoint in the fluid phase. To the best of our knowledge, this provides the first adjoint-based optimization framework for Rayleigh-Bénard instability with a melting boundary. Two optimization problems, together with a comparison against a derivative-free particle-swarm method, demonstrate that the proposed incomplete adjoint yields gradients accurate enough to control the front shape while reducing the number of expensive function evaluations by about an order of magnitude